Background
Methods
Patient selection
Echocardiography
Quantitative assessment of the mitral apparatus
Statistical analysis
Results
Study population and baseline characteristics
variable | Control (n = 25) | Patients with AF (n = 168) |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
MR- Group (143) | MR+ Group (n = 25) | |||
Age, years | 66 ± 7 | 62 ± 6 | 66 ± 7 | 0.20 |
Women, n (%) | 12(48.9) | 68(47.8) | 11(46.9) | 0.96 |
Body surface area, m2 | 1.88 ± 0.16 | 1.92 ± 0.18 | 1.87 ± 0.15 | 0.22 |
Paroxysmal AF, n (%) | 83(58.2%) | 12(48.8%) | 0.12 | |
Duration of AF, years | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 4.9 ± 0.5# | <0.01 | |
History of Hypertension, n (%) | 14 (56%) | 90 (58%) | 16 (64%) | 0.55 |
History of Diabetes Mellitus, n (%) | 5 (20%) | 32 (21%) | 4 (16%) | 0.6 |
Status during echocardiography | ||||
Sinus rhythm, n (%) | 25(100%) | 36(25.1%)* | 8(30.4%)* | <0.01 |
Heart rate, (beats/min) | 84 ± 17 | 89 ± 16 | 92 ± 12 | 0.46 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 128 ± 13 | 134 ± 12 | 132 ± 16 | 0.86 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 68 ± 9 | 77 ± 10 | 73 ± 8 | 0.59 |
TTE findings
variable | Control (n = 25) | Patients with AF (n = 168) |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
MR- Group (143) | MR+ Group (n = 25) | |||
LV end-diastolic diameter, mm | 44 ± 2 | 46 ± 4 | 46 ± 3 | 0.17 |
LV end-systolic diameter, mm | 30 ± 2 | 30 ± 3 | 31 ± 3 | 0.31 |
LV end-diastolic volume, ml | 85 ± 8 | 87 ± 11 | 89 ± 12 | 0.20 |
LV end-systolic volume, ml | 30 ± 4 | 32 ± 5 | 31 ± 5 | 0.30 |
LV ejection fraction, % | 64 ± 5 | 64 ± 4 | 64 ± 2 | 0.66 |
LA anterior-posterior Diameter, mm | 34 ± 2 | 39 ± 5* | 41 ± 4* | <0.01 |
LA volume, ml | 57 ± 5 | 81 ± 18* | 98 ± 22*,# | <0.01 |
E/E’ | 8.0 ± 0.9 | 8.2 ± 0.8 | 9.2 ± 1.2*# | <0.01 |
Mitral regurgitation severity | ||||
Regurgitation area, cm2 | 1.84 ± 0.52 | 4.37 ± 0.68# | <0.01 | |
EROA, cm2 | 0.18 ± 0.07 | 0.47 ± 0.07# | <0.01 |
3D mitral valve geometry
Annulus
variable | Control (n = 25) | Patients with AF (n = 168) |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
MR- Group (143) | MR+ Group (n = 25) | |||
Annulus | ||||
Area cm2 | 8.86 ± 1.03 | 9.53 ± 1.42* | 12.66 ± 0.85*# | <0.01 |
Circumference mm | 108 ± 9 | 115 ± 8* | 134 ± 13*# | <0.01 |
Anteroposterior diameter mm | 30.6 ± 2.4 | 32.0 ± 20.4 | 32.9 ± 20.4 | 0.90 |
Commissural width mm | 36.3 ± 2.3 | 38.3 ± 3.0* | 41.0 ± 3.8*# | <0.01 |
High mm | 7.6 ± 2.0 | 6.3 ± 1.5* | 6.2 ± 2.2* | <0.01 |
AHCWR % | 19.4 ± 4.3 | 17.3 ± 4.4† | 15.2 ± 5.1*‡ | <0.01 |
Leaflet | ||||
Anterior leaflet surface area cm2 | 5.38 ± 0.99 | 5.34 ± 1.81 | 6.81 ± 1.91*# | <0.01 |
Posterior leaflet surface area cm2 | 5.96 ± 1.37 | 5.41 ± 1.49 | 6.14 ± 1.30‡ | 0.03 |
MV tenting volume ml | 1.72 ± 0.73 | 1.72 ± 0.89 | 2.67 ± 1.07*# | <0.01 |