Introduction
Material and methods
Quantification
Results
Specifications | References | Specialty of use | Quantification method | Intraoperative use | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Software program | Utilized camera system | Static analysis | Dynamic absolute analysis | Dynamic normalized analysis | |||
VISIONSENSE® (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) | EleVision™ IR platform (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) | [39] | Endocrine surgery | Yes | NS | NS | Yes |
FLER | D-light P system (Karl Storz) | [40] | Gastrointestinal surgery | NS | Yes | NS | Yes |
Flow® 800 (Zeiss Meditec, Oberkochen, Germany) | Pentero operative microscope (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) Kinevo operative microscope (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) | Neurosurgery | NS | Yes | NS | Yes | |
ROIs software (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan) | D-light P system (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany), Olympus (Tokyo, Japan), PDE (Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., Hamamatsu, Japan), PDE-neo System (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan) | Gastrointestinal surgery Breast surgery Vascular surgery | NS | Yes | NS | Yes | |
IC-Calc | IC View (Pulsion Medical systems AG), CCD camera (Karl Storz Tuttlingen, Germany) | Reconstructive surgery Endocrine surgery Neurosurgery | NS | Yes | NS | Yes | |
ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA), ImageJ (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD) | NIR laparoscope (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), ICG camera (Pulsion Photodynamic Eye, Pulsion Medical Systems SE, Feldkirchen, Germany) Fluobeam® (Fluoptics, Grenoble, France) | Gastrointestinal surgery Reconstructive surgery | NS | Yes | NS | Yes | |
NIRx NAVI | DYNOT 232 optical tomography system (NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, NY, USA) | [75] | Breast surgery | NS | Yes | NS | NS |
Q-ICG | ICG Hopkins Telescope 30° (Image-1 SPIES, D-Light P, Karl Storz GmbH and Co. KG, Tuttlingen, Germany) | [32] | Gastrointestinal surgery | NS | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Quest Research Framework® | Quest Spectrum platform ® (Quest Medical Imaging, Middenmeer, the Netherlands) | Vascular surgery Endocrine surgery | No | Yes | Yes | No | |
Spy-Q™ | SPY Elite Imaging System (Novadaq Technologies, Ontario, Canada) | Reconstructive surgery Vascular surgery Breast surgery Transplantation surgery | Yes | Yes | NS | Yes | |
Tracker 4.97 (Douglas Brown, Open Source Physics, Boston MA, USA) | IMAGE1 S™, Karl Storz, Germany) | [93] | Gastroenterology | NS | Yes | NS | NS |
Static fluorescence analysis
Dynamic fluorescence analysis—absolute intensity
Dynamic fluorescence analysis—normalization
Discussion
Quantification method | Advantage(s) | Disadvantage(s) | Preferred indication |
---|---|---|---|
Static analysis | - Easy to perform | - Incorrect timing leads to misinterpretation - Sensitive to factors influencing intensity | - None |
Absolute dynamic analysis | - Information about in- and outflow | - Sensitive to factors influencing intensity - Subject to variations among arbitrary unit scale in camera systems | - Tissue viability |
Normalized dynamic analysis | - Information about in- and outflow | - Inaccuracy with low intensity | - Perfusion assessment |