Skip to main content
Erschienen in: BMC Cancer 1/2011

Open Access 01.12.2011 | Study protocol

Rationale and design of the Multidisciplinary Approach to Novel Therapies in Cardiology Oncology Research Trial (MANTICORE 101 - Breast): a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine if conventional heart failure pharmacotherapy can prevent trastuzumab-mediated left ventricular remodeling among patients with HER2+ early breast cancer using cardiac MRI

verfasst von: Edith Pituskin, Mark Haykowsky, John R Mackey, Richard B Thompson, Justin Ezekowitz, Sheri Koshman, Gavin Oudit, Kelvin Chow, Joseph J Pagano, Ian Paterson

Erschienen in: BMC Cancer | Ausgabe 1/2011

Abstract

Background

MANTICORE 101 - Breast (Multidisciplinary Approach to Novel Therapies in Cardiology Oncology Research) is a randomized trial to determine if conventional heart failure pharmacotherapy (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or beta-blocker) can prevent trastuzumab-mediated left ventricular remodeling, measured with cardiac MRI, among patients with HER2+ early breast cancer.

Methods/Design

One hundred and fifty-nine patients with histologically confirmed HER2+ breast cancer will be enrolled in a parallel 3-arm, randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind design. After baseline assessments, participants will be randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (perindopril), beta-blocker (bisoprolol), or placebo. Participants will receive drug or placebo for 1 year beginning 7 days before trastuzumab therapy. Dosages for all groups will be systematically up-titrated, as tolerated, at 1 week intervals for a total of 3 weeks. The primary objective of this randomized clinical trial is to determine if conventional heart failure pharmacotherapy can prevent trastuzumab-mediated left ventricular remodeling among patients with HER2+ early breast cancer, as measured by 12 month change in left ventricular end-diastolic volume using cardiac MRI. Secondary objectives include 1) determine the evolution of left ventricular remodeling on cardiac MRI in patients with HER2+ early breast cancer, 2) understand the mechanism of trastuzumab mediated cardiac toxicity by assessing for the presence of myocardial injury and apoptosis on serum biomarkers and cardiac MRI, and 3) correlate cardiac biomarkers of myocyte injury and extra-cellular matrix remodeling with left ventricular remodeling on cardiac MRI in patients with HER2+ early breast cancer.

Discussion

Cardiac toxicity as a result of cancer therapies is now recognized as a significant health problem of increasing prevalence. To our knowledge, MANTICORE will be the first randomized trial testing proven heart failure pharmacotherapy in the prevention of trastuzumab-mediated cardiotoxicity. We expect the findings of this trial to provide important evidence in the development of guidelines for preventive therapy.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01016886
Hinweise

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.​1186/​1471-2407-11-318) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Competing interests

There is no competing interest to declare on the part of any named author.

Authors' contributions

EP: study concept and design, project coordination, manuscript development and revision; MH: study concept and design, manuscript review and revision; JM: study concept and design, manuscript review;
RT: study concept and design, MRI analysis and interpretation, manuscript review; JE: study concept and design, manuscript review and revision; SK: study concept and design, manuscript review and revision; GO: study concept and design, manuscript review and revision; KC: MRI data acquisition, analysis and interpretation; manuscript review; JP: MRI data acquisition, analysis and interpretation; manuscript review; IP: principal investigator, study concept and design, manuscript review and revision.
All authors have read and approved the final version of this manuscript.
Abkürzungen
ACEI
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
BB
beta-blocker
BNP
brain natriuretic peptide
EBC
early breast cancer
ECHO
trans-thoracic echocardiogram
EF
ejection fraction
GFR
glomerular filtration rate
HER2
human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
HF
heart failure
LV
left ventricle
LVEDV
left ventricular end-diastolic volume
MACE
major adverse cardiac event
MAHI
Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
MUGA
radionuclide ventriculography.

Background

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and second leading cause of cancer death [1]. Approximately 20-25% of breast cancers over-express human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+) which is associated with poor prognosis [2, 3]. Trastuzumab (Herceptin®), a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the HER2 receptor, was previously shown to improve survival by 20% in women with HER2+metastatic disease [47]. More recently, 4 major adjuvant trials of women with HER2+ early breast cancer (EBC) demonstrated that trastuzumab reduced 3-year breast cancer recurrence and risk of death rate by 50% [8]. Given these positive findings, trastuzumab was approved in 2006 by the Food and Drug Administration for the adjuvant treatment of HER2+ breast cancer.
Despite favourable survival benefits, an adverse effect of trastuzumab is (a)symptomatic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and heart failure (HF). In the phase III trials, HF and asymptomatic LV dysfunction was reported in 4% and 18% of patients, respectively [911]. Although trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity has been considered 'reversible' [12], Wadhwa et al. reported that trastuzumab was stopped in 22% of patients due to asymptomatic LV systolic dysfunction; notably, of these, 40% showed no improvement or worsening of LV function over time despite optimal pharmacotherapy [13]. Similarly, Chia observed that 21.6% of women receiving adjuvant trastuzumab-based chemotherapy experienced a cardiac event requiring temporary or permanent discontinuation of trastuzumab [14]. These observations are important, given the influence of more stringent cardiac exclusion criteria in the pivotal trials compared to standard clinical practice. Furthermore, any dose reductions, delay or discontinuation due to cardiotoxicity are potentially life-threatening events from the competing risks of cancer and/or cardiac mortality. Therefore, better understanding of the pathophysiology of trastuzumab-mediated cardiotoxicity and its prevention are urgently required.
Ventricular remodeling (increased cavity size and decreased pump function) precedes overt HF [1517]. Our group has shown that aerobic exercise training has beneficial anti-remodeling benefits in clinically stable systolic HF patients [18]. Based on these findings, we examined the effect of 4 months of aerobic exercise training on LV remodeling in 17 women with EBC receiving trastuzumab-based chemotherapy [19]. We found that LV remodeling occurs early, confirming observations of other groups [14, 20], and that an early exercise intervention did not attenuate remodeling in this setting. Accordingly, we identified the need for examination of non-exercise interventions.
Pharmacotherapy has been shown to attenuate or reverse LV remodeling in the HF and post-myocardial infarction (MI) setting. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) have been proven to delay or reverse LV dilation and improve ejection fraction (EF) in multiple trials [2124]. Beta-blockers (BB) have also been shown to be beneficial, but have largely been tested in combination with other therapies [25, 26]. To date, a paucity of studies have examined conventional HF therapy during anthracycline therapy [2729]. Specifically, carvedilol has been shown to be an effective single-agent therapy in anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy [30].Cardinale et al demonstrated that an ACEI can prevent a decline in EF and cardiac events in cancer patients receiving high dose anthracyclines [31]. In general, however, preventive medical therapy is not considered necessary with anthracycline-based regimens, as toxicity is related to the cumulative dose (> 500 mg/m2 )  [32].
Detection and measurement of LV dysfunction may be hampered by insensitivity of routinely-available imaging modalities. Most EBC clinical trials have employed either radionuclide ventriculography (eg. MUGA) or transthoracic echocardiograms (ECHO) which may underestimate LV volumes [33]. Cardiac MRI is the preferred method for the quantification of ventricular volumes and EF in individuals with impaired LV systolic function [3436]. Unfortunately, relying on a decline in EF or overt clinical symptoms limits detection of cardiotoxicity to the late stage of disease process, increasing the likelihood of irreversible myocardial damage.
In addition to detailed imaging, cardiac biomarkers may contribute to early detection, assessment and longer-term monitoring of cardiotoxicity. In patients with multiple types of advanced cancer receiving high-dose chemotherapy, Cardinale and associates demonstrated that troponin I increased in one-third of patients shortly after treatment, which was associated with a concomitant reduction in EF within the subsequent year [31]. In serial evaluation of adjuvant and metastatic patients receiving trastuzumab-based chemotherapy, elevations in troponin were seen early in therapy (after 2 cycles) and with adjustment for major confounders, was the strongest independent predictor of future EF decline, occurring within 1 - 8 months [37]. In these patients (n = 42), a three-fold decrease in likelihood of recovery was observed over time despite optimal pharmacotherapy. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), an established marker of heart failure, has also been shown to predict cardiac events including symptomatic heart failure, arrhythmias and acute coronary syndrome in patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy [38]. While these studies provide valuable insights, larger studies in homogeneous patient groups with similar chemotherapy regimens and biomarker collection are required before general recommendations can be implemented [39]. Finally, other novel markers may have the potential to detect early cardiac dysfunction. For example, collagen-derived peptides have been correlated to the fractional volume of myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive patients [40]and HF[41]. As the underlying collagen-based structure of the heart remodels, peptides are released into the plasma [4244]. While these molecules have not been studied in cancer patients [45], prospective exploration of these markers and other prospectively-collected biofluids may provide insight into disease evolution or effects of pharmacotherapy.
To date, no study has prospectively examined the effects of proven HF therapy to prevent cardiotoxicity in patients with EBC receiving trastuzumab. The median follow-up of the pivotal trastuzumab trials remains between two and three years, limiting understanding of the clinical course of patients with trastuzumab mediated cardiac toxicity and thus, the appropriate length of therapy. Therefore, the logical extension of our body of research is to examine: (1) the underlying pathogenesis of trastuzumab mediated cardiac toxicity, (2) screening tools for detecting early LV remodeling in this patient group, (3) determine the evolution of LV remodeling beyond chemotherapy, and (4) pharmacotherapies to prevent LV remodeling for these patients.
Given this background, our cardio-oncology research group designed the M ultidisciplinary Approach to Novel Therapies I n C ardiology O ncology Re search (MANTICORE) trial. The primary objective of this randomized clinical trial is to determine if conventional heart failure pharmacotherapy (ACEI or BB) can prevent trastuzumab-mediated LV remodeling among patients with HER2+ EBC, determined by 12 month change in LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) measured using cardiac MRI. Secondary objectives include 1) determine the evolution of LV remodeling on cardiac MRI in patients with HER2+ EBC; 2) understand the mechanism of trastuzumab mediated cardiac toxicity by assessing for the presence of myocardial injury and apoptosis using serum biomarkers and cardiac MRI; and 3) correlate cardiac biomarkers of myocyte injury and extra-cellular matrix remodeling with LV remodeling on cardiac MRI.

Methods/Design

This study is parallel 3-arm, randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind study comparing bisoprolol and perindopril for the prevention of LV remodeling in patients with HER2+ breast cancer treated with adjuvant trastuzumab. Additional inclusion requirements are adequate creatinine clearance, age > 18 years, no contraindication to MRI and willingness to provide informed consent. Exclusion criteria are known contraindication or current treatment with ACEI or BB; history of heart failure, cardiomyopathy, baseline EF < 50%; and history of uncontrolled hypertension or myocardial infarction. Ethical approval has been secured from the two relevant institutional review Boards.

Participants and Setting

Potential participants are consecutively identified and screened for eligibility by the study coordinator during multidisciplinary Tumor Board review of all new breast cancer case consultations. Following primary oncologist approval, potential participants are provided with a review of the study and provided with written study information. After obtaining written consent, participants will be scheduled for a baseline clinic visit for final determination of eligibility.

Group Allocation

Participants will be randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to perindopril, bisoprolol, or placebo (Figure 1) using a secure internet randomization service (EPICORE, http://​www.​epicore.​ualberta.​ca).

Pharmacotherapy

Participants will receive drug or placebo for 1 year beginning 7 days before trastuzumab therapy. There will be no run-in period. Dosages for all groups will be systematically up-titrated as tolerated at 1 week intervals, for a total of 3 weeks. Perindopril will be initiated at 2 mg and titrated to a target dose of 8 mg. Bisoprolol will be initiated at 2.5 mg and titrated to a 10 mg target dose. All dosages will be labeled by dose level (1, 2 or 3) and will be otherwise identical in appearance.

Blinding and Masking

The study coordinator, investigators, treating oncologists and patient will all be blinded to drug allocation and outcomes. All cardiac MRIs will be read by a core lab at the Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (MAHI) in Edmonton, Canada, with 2 readers, blinded to treatment allocation. The treating oncologist will be provided with global EF measurement only (per standard of care).

Evaluations

Baseline demographics, medical history, cardiac risk factors, and cardiac history are evaluated. Physical examination including cardiovascular exam, blood pressure and pulse is performed. Blood is collected for the purposes of measuring baseline electrolytes, creatinine (for estimation of glomerular filtration rate [GFR]), and biomarkers (Figure 2) and an electrocardiogram. Participants undergo a comprehensive baseline cardiac MRI as part of their routine pre-chemotherapy ventricular function evaluation in lieu of conventional modalities. An additional consent is obtained for prospective serial collection of serum and urine in the Alberta Research Tumor Bank (http://​www.​abtumorbank.​com) for future analysis.
Participants initiate study drug one week prior to starting trastuzumab therapy and are scheduled for titration visits (Figure 2). Participants return for a visit with the study coordinator at 3 and 12 months after randomization to be assessed for signs and symptoms of HF, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), adverse effects relating to HF pharmacotherapy as well as adherence to medication. In addition, participants will be contacted by telephone at months 1, 6, 9 and 18 to ensure continued stability and minimize loss to follow-up. Participants will also undergo blood work to assess electrolytes and creatinine at 3 month intervals as per routine care while on trastuzumab therapy and have biomarkers drawn at 3 and 12 months for comparison with the concurrent cardiac MRI measures. Cardiac monitoring at 6 and 9 month intervals will be performed with routinely available modalities per standard of care. If trastuzumab therapy is discontinued due to cardiac toxicity outside of the 3 or 12 month cardiac MRI scans then participants will return for another clinically indicated cardiac MRI within 1 week of chemotherapy termination.
Participants will return for a final visit with the study coordinator at 24 months, or 1 year after trastuzumab therapy termination. The study coordinator will perform the same clinical assessment as on previous follow-up visits at 3 and 12 months. Evaluation of medications will be done to ascertain if treatment for HF has been initiated since the 12 month visit. Patients will undergo the same collection of serum biomarkers. A non-clinically indicated research cardiac MRI will be performed to assess for the presence of ongoing LV remodeling. The long-term cardiac implications of trastuzumab therapy are unknown but we hypothesize that the exposed heart will be more vulnerable to future insults [49].

Data Security

De-identifying case report form development, data entry, quality assurance and data analysis will be performed by EPICORE. De-identified image data from cardiac MRIs will be stored on a secure network using unique identifiers. Blood samples for biomarker analysis will also only be identified by unique identifiers and stored for batch analysis.

Statistical Considerations

Outcome analyses

Participants will be analyzed with the intention to treat principle. The primary outcome analysis will be the difference in mean change in LVEDV at 1 year in each active treatment arm and the placebo arm, evaluated using a general linear model controlling for differences in patient characteristics at the baseline and 12 month assessments. A general linear mixed model will be used to assess group differences with serial correlation over time based on the baseline, 3, 12, and 24 month measurements with correlated post-hoc analysis where appropriate. All statistical tests will be two-sided. Regression analyses and diagnostic tests will be performed to model changes in continuous variables from imaging with those from biomarker measures. Statistical significance will be assumed at the 5% level (p < 0.05). Missing data will be interpolated where possible using multivariable imputation. Data will be analyzed using SAS 9.2 (SAS, Cary, NC) software.

Sample size calculations

Based on our pilot data [19], we expect the placebo group will have a minimum change in LVEDV of +11% with 1-year of trastuzumab therapy. We assume that pharmacotherapy with ACEI would prevent 90% of the trastuzumab mediated remodeling as measured by a change in LVEDV at 1 year = +1%. As previously mentioned, ACEI and perindopril have been shown to entirely prevent LV remodeling in other models of heart failure. Note that the change in LV volume in our pilot study was observed after 4 months of trastuzumab; hence we are possibly underestimating the true magnitude of change in LV volume at 1 year in the placebo group of this study. This is supported by an interim analysis of the BCIRG 006 trial, showing that mean LV function tended to decrease out to 8 months regardless of the chemotherapy protocol [11]. If the within-group standard deviation is 20 ml, with a two-2-tailed significance level ∝ = 0.05 and a power of .80, then 47 participants are required for each group. We anticipate a 10% drop-out rate and a 3% mortality rate during our 2 year follow-up [46], therefore we will recruit a total 159 participants. If the absolute difference between the mean LVEDV in placebo and ACE inhibitor groups is greater than 10% at 1 year, this sample size will still be sufficiently powered to detect a lower degree of remodeling prevention (Table 1).
Table 1
Sample size calculations and magnitude of difference in left ventricular remodeling between treatment groups
Placebo
Δ LVEDV
at 1 year
Perindopril
Δ LVEDV
at 1 year
% Remodeling prevented
+11%
+1%
90%
+11.7%
+1.9%
84%
+12.5%
+2.75%
78%
+14.2%
+4.4%
69%
+15.8%
+6.1%
62%

Tracking and Monitoring of Adverse Events

Participants in this trial will be exposed to the known risks of HF therapy however, follow-up visits, blood-work and phone calls will screen for potential adverse reaction. Cardiac MRI is a safe imaging modality with no radiation exposure to patients. Gadolinium contrast agents are now recognized to be associated with a rare life threatening condition called nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) however this complication is confined to those with GFR < 30 ml/min, an exclusion criterion of our study.
EPICORE will oversee an independent data safety and monitoring committee that will meet at quarterly intervals and review MACE to ensure that continuation of the study is safe. In the event that the participant will not be able to continue either the study drug or placebo, they will remain in their randomized group to preserve the intention-to-treat principle. Indications for open label therapy ACEI or BB therapy will include: (1) an absolute decline in EF by ≥ 5% and EF < 55% with symptoms of HF or (2) an asymptomatic absolute decline in EF by ≥ 10% and EF < 50%. Participants are free to withdraw at any time but will be invited to continue in their treatment arm for the duration of the study.

Discussion

Methodological Considerations

Given our small sample size, we do not expect to find a significant decrease in cardiac clinical outcomes, however, given the overwhelming evidence of clinical efficacy in the HF literature, we expect to demonstrate a beneficial effect of pharmacotherapy in preventing trastuzumab-mediated LV remodeling. Our results would then justify a multicenter trial studying the role of ACEI and/or BB for preventing clinical HF and improving long-term outcomes of breast cancer survivors. Furthermore, if ACEI or BB are proven efficacious in the prevention of cardiac toxicity, then patients with known cardiac dysfunction (thus ineligible to receive trastuzumab) could also be studied. Effective strategies for preventing trastuzumab mediated cardiac toxicity would allow more HER2+ breast cancer patients to successfully complete their adjuvant chemotherapy, while avoiding delays or discontinuation of vital therapy.
Our secondary objectives may also yield information on appropriate biomarkers to screen for cardiac toxicity and provide additional information on the underlying pathogenesis and the evolution of cardiac injury beyond exposure to trastuzumab. Ideal biomarkers in this field have yet to be identified, however, cardiac MRI allows for precise characterization of LV dysfunction against which biomarkers can be evaluated. In future studies, we will analyze prospectively collected biofluids in the study of metabolics and genomics of trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity. Urine metabolomics have the capacity to sensitively measure metabolic processes at the cellular level, and may provide early insights into myocyte structural or energetic changes [47, 48]. Molecular profiling may identify key pathways involved in tissue regeneration, drug metabolism and cell death [49, 50]; in studying copy number variants, we have shown that toxicities associated with docetaxel-containing chemotherapy regimens may be predicted [51]. Taken together, study of biomarkers and clinical outcomes in this setting will contribute to personalized care and improved therapeutic outcomes.

Conclusion

Cardiac toxicity as a result of cancer therapies is now recognized as a significant health problem of increasing prevalence. While therapies such as trastuzumab potentially offer improved survival with targeted anti-tumor activities, the additional cardiac insult in addition to 'multiple-hit' [52] injuries put patients at risk of morbidity and potentially premature mortality. A limitation of the existing data is that the median follow-up in the trastuzumab adjuvant trials is between 2 and 3 years. Therefore, information is lacking on the potential for late cardiac dysfunction, or whether short-term improvements in LV remodeling or EF with medical treatment are permanent or temporary. Future trials with longer follow-up are necessary to address these remaining issues.
To our knowledge, MANTICORE will be the first randomized trial testing proven HF pharmacotherapy in the prevention of trastuzumab-mediated cardiotoxicity. We expect the findings of this trial to provide high-level evidence in the development of guidelines for preventive therapy. Relationships of established and novel biomarkers to sensitive MRI measures will enhance our understanding of these markers, as well as development of sensitive assays for the earliest detection of cardiovascular changes in these patients. Lastly, this work will inform and support other long-term goals of our team, in the prevention, detection and treatment of cardiovascular effects of cancer therapies.

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the breast cancer patients participating in this project.
Supported by grants from the Canadian Institute of Health Research and Alberta Cancer Research Institute. These funding bodies have had no role in the project development, in the preparation of this manuscript, nor the decision to publish.
Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://​creativecommons.​org/​licenses/​by/​2.​0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Competing interests

There is no competing interest to declare on the part of any named author.

Authors' contributions

EP: study concept and design, project coordination, manuscript development and revision; MH: study concept and design, manuscript review and revision; JM: study concept and design, manuscript review;
RT: study concept and design, MRI analysis and interpretation, manuscript review; JE: study concept and design, manuscript review and revision; SK: study concept and design, manuscript review and revision; GO: study concept and design, manuscript review and revision; KC: MRI data acquisition, analysis and interpretation; manuscript review; JP: MRI data acquisition, analysis and interpretation; manuscript review; IP: principal investigator, study concept and design, manuscript review and revision.
All authors have read and approved the final version of this manuscript.
Anhänge

Authors’ original submitted files for images

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Canadian Cancer Statistics. 2010, Toronto, Canada, 0835-2976. Canadian Cancer Statistics. 2010, Toronto, Canada, 0835-2976.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Slamon DJ, Clark GM, Wong SG, Levin WJ, Ullrich A, McGuire WL: Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. Science. 1987, 235 (4785): 177-182. 10.1126/science.3798106.CrossRefPubMed Slamon DJ, Clark GM, Wong SG, Levin WJ, Ullrich A, McGuire WL: Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. Science. 1987, 235 (4785): 177-182. 10.1126/science.3798106.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Slamon DJ, Godolphin W, Jones LA, Holt JA, Wong SG, Keith DE, Levin WJ, Stuart SG, Udove J, Ullrich A, et al: Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer. Science. 1989, 244 (4905): 707-712. 10.1126/science.2470152.CrossRefPubMed Slamon DJ, Godolphin W, Jones LA, Holt JA, Wong SG, Keith DE, Levin WJ, Stuart SG, Udove J, Ullrich A, et al: Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer. Science. 1989, 244 (4905): 707-712. 10.1126/science.2470152.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Slamon DJ, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S, Fuchs H, Paton V, Bajamonde A, Fleming T, Eiermann W, Wolter J, Pegram M, et al: Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N Engl J Med. 2001, 344 (11): 783-792. 10.1056/NEJM200103153441101.CrossRefPubMed Slamon DJ, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S, Fuchs H, Paton V, Bajamonde A, Fleming T, Eiermann W, Wolter J, Pegram M, et al: Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N Engl J Med. 2001, 344 (11): 783-792. 10.1056/NEJM200103153441101.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Vogel CL, Cobleigh MA, Tripathy D, Gutheil JC, Harris LN, Fehrenbacher L, Slamon DJ, Murphy M, Novotny WF, Burchmore M, et al: Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab as a single agent in first-line treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2002, 20 (3): 719-726. 10.1200/JCO.20.3.719.CrossRefPubMed Vogel CL, Cobleigh MA, Tripathy D, Gutheil JC, Harris LN, Fehrenbacher L, Slamon DJ, Murphy M, Novotny WF, Burchmore M, et al: Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab as a single agent in first-line treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2002, 20 (3): 719-726. 10.1200/JCO.20.3.719.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Baselga J, Carbonell X, Castaneda-Soto NJ, Clemens M, Green M, Harvey V, Morales S, Barton C, Ghahramani P: Phase II study of efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab monotherapy administered on a 3-weekly schedule. J Clin Oncol. 2005, 23 (10): 2162-2171. 10.1200/JCO.2005.01.014.CrossRefPubMed Baselga J, Carbonell X, Castaneda-Soto NJ, Clemens M, Green M, Harvey V, Morales S, Barton C, Ghahramani P: Phase II study of efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab monotherapy administered on a 3-weekly schedule. J Clin Oncol. 2005, 23 (10): 2162-2171. 10.1200/JCO.2005.01.014.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Marty M, Cognetti F, Maraninchi D, Snyder R, Mauriac L, Tubiana-Hulin M, Chan S, Grimes D, Anton A, Lluch A, et al: Randomized phase II trial of the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab combined with docetaxel in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer administered as first-line treatment: the M77001 study group. J Clin Oncol. 2005, 23 (19): 4265-4274. 10.1200/JCO.2005.04.173.CrossRefPubMed Marty M, Cognetti F, Maraninchi D, Snyder R, Mauriac L, Tubiana-Hulin M, Chan S, Grimes D, Anton A, Lluch A, et al: Randomized phase II trial of the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab combined with docetaxel in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer administered as first-line treatment: the M77001 study group. J Clin Oncol. 2005, 23 (19): 4265-4274. 10.1200/JCO.2005.04.173.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Baselga J, Perez EA, Pienkowski T, Bell R: Adjuvant trastuzumab: a milestone in the treatment of HER-2-positive early breast cancer. Oncologist. 2006, 11 (Suppl 1): 4-12.CrossRefPubMed Baselga J, Perez EA, Pienkowski T, Bell R: Adjuvant trastuzumab: a milestone in the treatment of HER-2-positive early breast cancer. Oncologist. 2006, 11 (Suppl 1): 4-12.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Romond EH, Perez EA, Bryant J, Suman VJ, Geyer CE, Davidson NE, Tan-Chiu E, Martino S, Paik S, Kaufman PA, et al: Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005, 353 (16): 1673-1684. 10.1056/NEJMoa052122.CrossRefPubMed Romond EH, Perez EA, Bryant J, Suman VJ, Geyer CE, Davidson NE, Tan-Chiu E, Martino S, Paik S, Kaufman PA, et al: Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005, 353 (16): 1673-1684. 10.1056/NEJMoa052122.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Suter TM, Procter M, van Veldhuisen DJ, Muscholl M, Bergh J, Carlomagno C, Perren T, Passalacqua R, Bighin C, Klijn JG, et al: Trastuzumab-associated cardiac adverse effects in the herceptin adjuvant trial. J Clin Oncol. 2007, 25 (25): 3859-3865. 10.1200/JCO.2006.09.1611.CrossRefPubMed Suter TM, Procter M, van Veldhuisen DJ, Muscholl M, Bergh J, Carlomagno C, Perren T, Passalacqua R, Bighin C, Klijn JG, et al: Trastuzumab-associated cardiac adverse effects in the herceptin adjuvant trial. J Clin Oncol. 2007, 25 (25): 3859-3865. 10.1200/JCO.2006.09.1611.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Slamon DJ, Robert N, et al: Phase III trial comparing AC-T with AC-TH and with TCH in the adjuvant treatment of HER2 positive early breast cancer patients: a second interim efficacy analysis. San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2006. 2006, San Antonio, TX Slamon DJ, Robert N, et al: Phase III trial comparing AC-T with AC-TH and with TCH in the adjuvant treatment of HER2 positive early breast cancer patients: a second interim efficacy analysis. San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2006. 2006, San Antonio, TX
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Ewer MS, Vooletich MT, Durand JB, Woods ML, Davis JR, Valero V, Lenihan DJ: Reversibility of Trastuzumab-Related Cardiotoxicity: New Insights Based on Clinical Course and Response to Medical Treatment. J Clin Oncol. 2005, 23 (31): 7820-7826. 10.1200/JCO.2005.13.300.CrossRefPubMed Ewer MS, Vooletich MT, Durand JB, Woods ML, Davis JR, Valero V, Lenihan DJ: Reversibility of Trastuzumab-Related Cardiotoxicity: New Insights Based on Clinical Course and Response to Medical Treatment. J Clin Oncol. 2005, 23 (31): 7820-7826. 10.1200/JCO.2005.13.300.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Wadhwa D, Fallah-Rad N, Grenier D, Krahn M, Fang T, Ahmadie R, Walker JR, Lister D, Arora RC, Barac I, et al: Trastuzumab mediated cardiotoxicity in the setting of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: a retrospective study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009, 117 (2): 357-364. 10.1007/s10549-008-0260-6.CrossRefPubMed Wadhwa D, Fallah-Rad N, Grenier D, Krahn M, Fang T, Ahmadie R, Walker JR, Lister D, Arora RC, Barac I, et al: Trastuzumab mediated cardiotoxicity in the setting of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: a retrospective study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009, 117 (2): 357-364. 10.1007/s10549-008-0260-6.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat McArthur HL, Chia S: Cardiotoxicity of trastuzumab in clinical practice. N Engl J Med. 2007, 357 (1): 94-95. 10.1056/NEJMc070065.CrossRefPubMed McArthur HL, Chia S: Cardiotoxicity of trastuzumab in clinical practice. N Engl J Med. 2007, 357 (1): 94-95. 10.1056/NEJMc070065.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohn JN, Ferrari R, Sharpe N: Cardiac remodeling--concepts and clinical implications: a consensus paper from an international forum on cardiac remodeling. Behalf of an International Forum on Cardiac Remodeling. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000, 35 (3): 569-582. 10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00630-0.CrossRefPubMed Cohn JN, Ferrari R, Sharpe N: Cardiac remodeling--concepts and clinical implications: a consensus paper from an international forum on cardiac remodeling. Behalf of an International Forum on Cardiac Remodeling. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000, 35 (3): 569-582. 10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00630-0.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Mann DL, Bristow MR: Mechanisms and Models in Heart Failure: The Biomechanical Model and Beyond. Circulation. 2005, 111 (21): 2837-2849. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.500546.CrossRefPubMed Mann DL, Bristow MR: Mechanisms and Models in Heart Failure: The Biomechanical Model and Beyond. Circulation. 2005, 111 (21): 2837-2849. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.500546.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Vasan RS, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Evans JC, Levy D: Left ventricular dilatation and the risk of congestive heart failure in people without myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1997, 336 (19): 1350-1355. 10.1056/NEJM199705083361903.CrossRefPubMed Vasan RS, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Evans JC, Levy D: Left ventricular dilatation and the risk of congestive heart failure in people without myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1997, 336 (19): 1350-1355. 10.1056/NEJM199705083361903.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Haykowsky MJ, Liang Y, Pechter D, Jones LW, McAlister FA, Clark AM: A meta-analysis of the effect of exercise training on left ventricular remodeling in heart failure patients: the benefit depends on the type of training performed. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007, 49 (24): 2329-2336. 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.055.CrossRefPubMed Haykowsky MJ, Liang Y, Pechter D, Jones LW, McAlister FA, Clark AM: A meta-analysis of the effect of exercise training on left ventricular remodeling in heart failure patients: the benefit depends on the type of training performed. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007, 49 (24): 2329-2336. 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.055.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Haykowsky MJ, Mackey JR, Thompson RB, Jones LW, Paterson DI: Adjuvant Trastuzumab Induces Ventricular Remodeling Despite Aerobic Exercise Training. Clin Cancer Res. 2009, 15 (15): 4963-4967. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0628.CrossRefPubMed Haykowsky MJ, Mackey JR, Thompson RB, Jones LW, Paterson DI: Adjuvant Trastuzumab Induces Ventricular Remodeling Despite Aerobic Exercise Training. Clin Cancer Res. 2009, 15 (15): 4963-4967. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0628.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Telli ML, Hunt SA, Carlson RW, Guardino AE: Trastuzumab-Related Cardiotoxicity: Calling Into Question the Concept of Reversibility. J Clin Oncol. 2007, 25 (23): 3525-3533. 10.1200/JCO.2007.11.0106.CrossRefPubMed Telli ML, Hunt SA, Carlson RW, Guardino AE: Trastuzumab-Related Cardiotoxicity: Calling Into Question the Concept of Reversibility. J Clin Oncol. 2007, 25 (23): 3525-3533. 10.1200/JCO.2007.11.0106.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat St John Sutton M, Pfeffer MA, Plappert T, Rouleau JL, Moye LA, Dagenais GR, Lamas GA, Klein M, Sussex B, Goldman S, et al: Quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements are major predictors of adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction. The protective effects of captopril. Circulation. 1994, 89 (1): 68-75.CrossRefPubMed St John Sutton M, Pfeffer MA, Plappert T, Rouleau JL, Moye LA, Dagenais GR, Lamas GA, Klein M, Sussex B, Goldman S, et al: Quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements are major predictors of adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction. The protective effects of captopril. Circulation. 1994, 89 (1): 68-75.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Greenberg B, Quinones MA, Koilpillai C, Limacher M, Shindler D, Benedict C, Shelton B: Effects of long-term enalapril therapy on cardiac structure and function in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Results of the SOLVD echocardiography substudy. Circulation. 1995, 91 (10): 2573-2581.CrossRefPubMed Greenberg B, Quinones MA, Koilpillai C, Limacher M, Shindler D, Benedict C, Shelton B: Effects of long-term enalapril therapy on cardiac structure and function in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Results of the SOLVD echocardiography substudy. Circulation. 1995, 91 (10): 2573-2581.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferrari R: Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with perindopril on left ventricular remodeling and clinical outcome: results of the randomized Perindopril and Remodeling in Elderly with Acute Myocardial Infarction (PREAMI) Study. Arch Intern Med. 2006, 166 (6): 659-666.CrossRefPubMed Ferrari R: Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with perindopril on left ventricular remodeling and clinical outcome: results of the randomized Perindopril and Remodeling in Elderly with Acute Myocardial Infarction (PREAMI) Study. Arch Intern Med. 2006, 166 (6): 659-666.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Abdulla J, Barlera S, Latini R, Kjoller-Hansen L, Sogaard P, Christensen E, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C: A systematic review: effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction in patients with a myocardial infarction and in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007, 9 (2): 129-135. 10.1016/j.ejheart.2006.05.002.CrossRefPubMed Abdulla J, Barlera S, Latini R, Kjoller-Hansen L, Sogaard P, Christensen E, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C: A systematic review: effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction in patients with a myocardial infarction and in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007, 9 (2): 129-135. 10.1016/j.ejheart.2006.05.002.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Randomised, placebo-controlled trial of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease. Australia/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group. Lancet. 1997, 349 (9049): 375-380. Randomised, placebo-controlled trial of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease. Australia/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group. Lancet. 1997, 349 (9049): 375-380.
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Bellenger NG, Rajappan K, Rahman SL, Lahiri A, Raval U, Webster J, Murray GD, Coats AJ, Cleland JG, Pennell DJ: Effects of carvedilol on left ventricular remodelling in chronic stable heart failure: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Heart. 2004, 90 (7): 760-764. 10.1136/hrt.2003.015552.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bellenger NG, Rajappan K, Rahman SL, Lahiri A, Raval U, Webster J, Murray GD, Coats AJ, Cleland JG, Pennell DJ: Effects of carvedilol on left ventricular remodelling in chronic stable heart failure: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Heart. 2004, 90 (7): 760-764. 10.1136/hrt.2003.015552.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalay N, Basar E, Ozdogru I, Er O, Cetinkaya Y, Dogan A, Inanc T, Oguzhan A, Eryol NK, Topsakal R, et al: Protective Effects of Carvedilol Against Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2006, 48 (11): 2258-2262. 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.07.052.CrossRefPubMed Kalay N, Basar E, Ozdogru I, Er O, Cetinkaya Y, Dogan A, Inanc T, Oguzhan A, Eryol NK, Topsakal R, et al: Protective Effects of Carvedilol Against Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2006, 48 (11): 2258-2262. 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.07.052.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Cardinale D, Lamantia G, Cipolla CM: Troponin I and cardiovascular risk stratification in patients with testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006, 24 (21): 3508-author reply 3508-3509CrossRefPubMed Cardinale D, Lamantia G, Cipolla CM: Troponin I and cardiovascular risk stratification in patients with testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006, 24 (21): 3508-author reply 3508-3509CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Lipshultz SE, Lipsitz SR, Sallan SE, Simbre VC, Shaikh SL, Mone SM, Gelber RD, Colan SD: Long-term enalapril therapy for left ventricular dysfunction in doxorubicin-treated survivors of childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2002, 20 (23): 4517-4522. 10.1200/JCO.2002.12.102.CrossRefPubMed Lipshultz SE, Lipsitz SR, Sallan SE, Simbre VC, Shaikh SL, Mone SM, Gelber RD, Colan SD: Long-term enalapril therapy for left ventricular dysfunction in doxorubicin-treated survivors of childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2002, 20 (23): 4517-4522. 10.1200/JCO.2002.12.102.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalay N, Basar E, Ozdogru I, Er O, Cetinkaya Y, Dogan A, Inanc T, Oguzhan A, Eryol NK, Topsakal R, et al: Protective effects of carvedilol against anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006, 48 (11): 2258-2262. 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.07.052.CrossRefPubMed Kalay N, Basar E, Ozdogru I, Er O, Cetinkaya Y, Dogan A, Inanc T, Oguzhan A, Eryol NK, Topsakal R, et al: Protective effects of carvedilol against anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006, 48 (11): 2258-2262. 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.07.052.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Cardinale D, Sandri MT, Martinoni A, Tricca A, Civelli M, Lamantia G, Cinieri S, Martinelli G, Cipolla CM, Fiorentini C: Left ventricular dysfunction predicted by early troponin I release after high-dose chemotherapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000, 36 (2): 517-522. 10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00748-8.CrossRefPubMed Cardinale D, Sandri MT, Martinoni A, Tricca A, Civelli M, Lamantia G, Cinieri S, Martinelli G, Cipolla CM, Fiorentini C: Left ventricular dysfunction predicted by early troponin I release after high-dose chemotherapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000, 36 (2): 517-522. 10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00748-8.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Lefrak EA, Pitha J, Rosenheim S, Gottlieb JA: A clinicopathologic analysis of adriamycin cardiotoxicity. Cancer. 1973, 32 (2): 302-314. 10.1002/1097-0142(197308)32:2<302::AID-CNCR2820320205>3.0.CO;2-2.CrossRefPubMed Lefrak EA, Pitha J, Rosenheim S, Gottlieb JA: A clinicopathologic analysis of adriamycin cardiotoxicity. Cancer. 1973, 32 (2): 302-314. 10.1002/1097-0142(197308)32:2<302::AID-CNCR2820320205>3.0.CO;2-2.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Jenkins C, Moir S, Chan J, Rakhit D, Haluska B, Marwick TH: Left ventricular volume measurement with echocardiography: a comparison of left ventricular opacification, three-dimensional echocardiography, or both with magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J. 2009, 30 (1): 98-106.CrossRefPubMed Jenkins C, Moir S, Chan J, Rakhit D, Haluska B, Marwick TH: Left ventricular volume measurement with echocardiography: a comparison of left ventricular opacification, three-dimensional echocardiography, or both with magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J. 2009, 30 (1): 98-106.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Bellenger N, Pennell D: Magnetic resonance imaging in cardiology. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1999, 33 (1): 12-18.PubMed Bellenger N, Pennell D: Magnetic resonance imaging in cardiology. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1999, 33 (1): 12-18.PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Bellenger NG, Davies LC, Francis JM, Coats AJ, Pennell DJ: Reduction in sample size for studies of remodeling in heart failure by the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2000, 2 (4): 271-278. 10.3109/10976640009148691.CrossRefPubMed Bellenger NG, Davies LC, Francis JM, Coats AJ, Pennell DJ: Reduction in sample size for studies of remodeling in heart failure by the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2000, 2 (4): 271-278. 10.3109/10976640009148691.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Bellenger NG, Burgess MI, Ray SG, Lahiri A, Coats AJ, Cleland JG, Pennell DJ: Comparison of left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes in heart failure by echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance; are they interchangeable?. Eur Heart J. 2000, 21 (16): 1387-1396. 10.1053/euhj.2000.2011.CrossRefPubMed Bellenger NG, Burgess MI, Ray SG, Lahiri A, Coats AJ, Cleland JG, Pennell DJ: Comparison of left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes in heart failure by echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance; are they interchangeable?. Eur Heart J. 2000, 21 (16): 1387-1396. 10.1053/euhj.2000.2011.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Cardinale D, Colombo A, Torrisi R, Sandri MT, Civelli M, Salvatici M, Lamantia G, Colombo N, Cortinovis S, Dessanai MA, et al: Trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity: clinical and prognostic implications of troponin I evaluation. J Clin Oncol. 28 (25): 3910-3916. Cardinale D, Colombo A, Torrisi R, Sandri MT, Civelli M, Salvatici M, Lamantia G, Colombo N, Cortinovis S, Dessanai MA, et al: Trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity: clinical and prognostic implications of troponin I evaluation. J Clin Oncol. 28 (25): 3910-3916.
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Lenihan DJMM, Baysinger KB, et al: Superior detection of cardiotoxicity during chemotherapy using biomarkers. Heart Failure Society of America: September 17 2007. 2007, Washington, DC Lenihan DJMM, Baysinger KB, et al: Superior detection of cardiotoxicity during chemotherapy using biomarkers. Heart Failure Society of America: September 17 2007. 2007, Washington, DC
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Cardinale D, Sandri MT: Role of biomarkers in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 53 (2): 121-129. Cardinale D, Sandri MT: Role of biomarkers in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 53 (2): 121-129.
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Querejeta R, Varo N, Lopez B, Larman M, Artinano E, Etayo JC, Martinez Ubago JL, Gutierrez-Stampa M, Emparanza JI, Gil MJ, et al: Serum carboxy-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I is a marker of myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive heart disease. Circulation. 2000, 101 (14): 1729-1735.CrossRefPubMed Querejeta R, Varo N, Lopez B, Larman M, Artinano E, Etayo JC, Martinez Ubago JL, Gutierrez-Stampa M, Emparanza JI, Gil MJ, et al: Serum carboxy-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I is a marker of myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive heart disease. Circulation. 2000, 101 (14): 1729-1735.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Braunwald E: Biomarkers in Heart Failure. N Engl J Med. 2008, 358 (20): 2148-2159. 10.1056/NEJMra0800239.CrossRefPubMed Braunwald E: Biomarkers in Heart Failure. N Engl J Med. 2008, 358 (20): 2148-2159. 10.1056/NEJMra0800239.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Cicoira M, Rossi A, Bonapace S, Zanolla L, Golia G, Franceschini L, Caruso B, Marino PN, Zardini P: Independent and additional prognostic value of aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen circulating levels in patients with chronic heart failure. J Card Fail. 2004, 10 (5): 403-411. 10.1016/j.cardfail.2004.01.010.CrossRefPubMed Cicoira M, Rossi A, Bonapace S, Zanolla L, Golia G, Franceschini L, Caruso B, Marino PN, Zardini P: Independent and additional prognostic value of aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen circulating levels in patients with chronic heart failure. J Card Fail. 2004, 10 (5): 403-411. 10.1016/j.cardfail.2004.01.010.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Zannad F, Alla F, Dousset B, Perez A, Pitt B: Limitation of excessive extracellular matrix turnover may contribute to survival benefit of spironolactone therapy in patients with congestive heart failure: insights from the randomized aldactone evaluation study (RALES). Rales Investigators. Circulation. 2000, 102 (22): 2700-2706.CrossRefPubMed Zannad F, Alla F, Dousset B, Perez A, Pitt B: Limitation of excessive extracellular matrix turnover may contribute to survival benefit of spironolactone therapy in patients with congestive heart failure: insights from the randomized aldactone evaluation study (RALES). Rales Investigators. Circulation. 2000, 102 (22): 2700-2706.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Iraqi W, Rossignol P, Angioi M, Fay R, Nuee J, Ketelslegers JM, Vincent J, Pitt B, Zannad F: Extracellular cardiac matrix biomarkers in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure: insights from the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS) study. Circulation. 2009, 119 (18): 2471-2479. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.809194.CrossRefPubMed Iraqi W, Rossignol P, Angioi M, Fay R, Nuee J, Ketelslegers JM, Vincent J, Pitt B, Zannad F: Extracellular cardiac matrix biomarkers in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure: insights from the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS) study. Circulation. 2009, 119 (18): 2471-2479. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.809194.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Lopez B, Gonzalez A, Diez J: Circulating biomarkers of collagen metabolism in cardiac diseases. Circulation. 121 (14): 1645-1654. Lopez B, Gonzalez A, Diez J: Circulating biomarkers of collagen metabolism in cardiac diseases. Circulation. 121 (14): 1645-1654.
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith I, Procter M, Gelber RD, Guillaume S, Feyereislova A, Dowsett M, Goldhirsch A, Untch M, Mariani G, Baselga J, et al: 2-year follow-up of trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007, 369 (9555): 29-36. 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60028-2.CrossRefPubMed Smith I, Procter M, Gelber RD, Guillaume S, Feyereislova A, Dowsett M, Goldhirsch A, Untch M, Mariani G, Baselga J, et al: 2-year follow-up of trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007, 369 (9555): 29-36. 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60028-2.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Mazurek S, Eigenbrodt E: The tumor metabolome. Anticancer Res. 2003, 23 (2A): 1149-1154.PubMed Mazurek S, Eigenbrodt E: The tumor metabolome. Anticancer Res. 2003, 23 (2A): 1149-1154.PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Slupsky CM, Steed H, Wells TH, Dabbs K, Schepansky A, Capstick V, Faught W, Sawyer MB: Urine metabolite analysis offers potential early diagnosis of ovarian and breast cancers. Clin Cancer Res. 16 (23): 5835-5841. Slupsky CM, Steed H, Wells TH, Dabbs K, Schepansky A, Capstick V, Faught W, Sawyer MB: Urine metabolite analysis offers potential early diagnosis of ovarian and breast cancers. Clin Cancer Res. 16 (23): 5835-5841.
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Samuel JL, Schaub MC, Zaugg M, Mamas M, Dunn WB, Swynghedauw B: Genomics in cardiac metabolism. Cardiovasc Res. 2008, 79 (2): 218-227. 10.1093/cvr/cvn061.CrossRefPubMed Samuel JL, Schaub MC, Zaugg M, Mamas M, Dunn WB, Swynghedauw B: Genomics in cardiac metabolism. Cardiovasc Res. 2008, 79 (2): 218-227. 10.1093/cvr/cvn061.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Marziliano N, Grasso M, Pilotto A, Porcu E, Tagliani M, Disabella E, Diegoli M, Pasotti M, Favalli V, Serio A, et al: Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis in the cardiovascular setting: unravelling the disease?. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2009, 10 (5): 433-442. 10.2459/JCM.0b013e328324e972.CrossRef Marziliano N, Grasso M, Pilotto A, Porcu E, Tagliani M, Disabella E, Diegoli M, Pasotti M, Favalli V, Serio A, et al: Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis in the cardiovascular setting: unravelling the disease?. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2009, 10 (5): 433-442. 10.2459/JCM.0b013e328324e972.CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Damaraju SSB, Ghosh S, Pituskin E, Tuszynski J, Cass CE, Mackey JR: Germline copy number polymorphisms associated with toxicity from adjuvant docetaxel. San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: December 8-12 2010. 2010, San Antonio TX Damaraju SSB, Ghosh S, Pituskin E, Tuszynski J, Cass CE, Mackey JR: Germline copy number polymorphisms associated with toxicity from adjuvant docetaxel. San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: December 8-12 2010. 2010, San Antonio TX
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones LW, Haykowsky MJ, Swartz JJ, Douglas PS, Mackey JR: Early breast cancer therapy and cardiovascular injury. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007, 50 (15): 1435-1441. 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.06.037.CrossRefPubMed Jones LW, Haykowsky MJ, Swartz JJ, Douglas PS, Mackey JR: Early breast cancer therapy and cardiovascular injury. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007, 50 (15): 1435-1441. 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.06.037.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Rationale and design of the Multidisciplinary Approach to Novel Therapies in Cardiology Oncology Research Trial (MANTICORE 101 - Breast): a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine if conventional heart failure pharmacotherapy can prevent trastuzumab-mediated left ventricular remodeling among patients with HER2+ early breast cancer using cardiac MRI
verfasst von
Edith Pituskin
Mark Haykowsky
John R Mackey
Richard B Thompson
Justin Ezekowitz
Sheri Koshman
Gavin Oudit
Kelvin Chow
Joseph J Pagano
Ian Paterson
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2011
Verlag
BioMed Central
Erschienen in
BMC Cancer / Ausgabe 1/2011
Elektronische ISSN: 1471-2407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-11-318

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2011

BMC Cancer 1/2011 Zur Ausgabe

Umsetzung der POMGAT-Leitlinie läuft

03.05.2024 DCK 2024 Kongressbericht

Seit November 2023 gibt es evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen zum perioperativen Management bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren (POMGAT) auf S3-Niveau. Vieles wird schon entsprechend der Empfehlungen durchgeführt. Wo es im Alltag noch hapert, zeigt eine Umfrage in einem Klinikverbund.

CUP-Syndrom: Künstliche Intelligenz kann Primärtumor finden

30.04.2024 Künstliche Intelligenz Nachrichten

Krebserkrankungen unbekannten Ursprungs (CUP) sind eine diagnostische Herausforderung. KI-Systeme können Pathologen dabei unterstützen, zytologische Bilder zu interpretieren, um den Primärtumor zu lokalisieren.

Sind Frauen die fähigeren Ärzte?

30.04.2024 Gendermedizin Nachrichten

Patienten, die von Ärztinnen behandelt werden, dürfen offenbar auf bessere Therapieergebnisse hoffen als Patienten von Ärzten. Besonders gilt das offenbar für weibliche Kranke, wie eine Studie zeigt.

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

25.04.2024 Nierenkarzinom Nachrichten

Nun gibt es auch Resultate zum Gesamtüberleben: Eine adjuvante Pembrolizumab-Therapie konnte in einer Phase-3-Studie das Leben von Menschen mit Nierenzellkarzinom deutlich verlängern. Die Sterberate war im Vergleich zu Placebo um 38% geringer.

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.