Background
Method
Participants
Time 0 | Time 2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% (excluding missing values) | Mean (SD) | N | % (excluding missing values) | Mean (SD) | N | |
Controlled socio demographic variables | ||||||
Age | 52.03 (13.28) | 217 | 51.61 (12.93) | 89 | ||
Sex (women) | 42.7 | 221 | 42.7 | 89 | ||
Marital Status (married) | 46.4 | 181 | 48 | 75 | ||
Educational Level (post-graduate) | 46.3 | 175 | 46.1 | 76 | ||
Socio-professional Category (employed) | 69.6 | 151 | 67.6 | 68 | ||
Follow-up (in months) | 6.58 (4.04) | |||||
Controlled medical variables | ||||||
Disease Status | 178 | 80 | ||||
Acute Leukemia | 36 | 36.3 | ||||
Myelodysplastic Syndrome | 17.4 | 13.8 | ||||
Myeloproliferative Neoplasia | 10.1 | 8.8 | ||||
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | 11.8 | 13.8 | ||||
Alcohol consumption (yes) | 30.8 | 172 | 22.5 | 71 | ||
Smoking (yes) | 15.8 | 177 | 8 | 75 | ||
Physical Activity (yes) | 45.3 | 172 | 54.8 | 73 | ||
Body Mass Index | 24.92 (4.61) | 176 | 24.19 (4.22) | 74 | ||
Sleeping hours | 7.42 (1.15) | 161 | 7.29 (1.15) | 68 | ||
Number of transplantations | 1.07 (0.3) | 178 | 1.04 (.19) | 80 | ||
Latency between disease | 2.61 (4.41) | 178 | 3.03 (4.69) | 80 | ||
diagnostic and transplantation (in years) | ||||||
Myeloablative conditioning | 25.8 | 178 | 25 | 80 | ||
Chronic GvHD | 16.5 | 164 | 18.1 | 72 | ||
Donor type | 179 | 80 | ||||
Identical sibling | 25.7 | 31.3 | ||||
Mismatched unrelated | 8.9 | 8.8 | ||||
Mismatched relative | 12.8 | 8.8 | ||||
Matched unrelated | 38 | 41.3 | ||||
Unrelated | 14 | 8.8 | ||||
Matched other relative | 0.6 | 1.3 | ||||
Latency engraftment (in days) | 20.24 (6.95) | 161 | 19.85 (5.67) | 73 | ||
Acute GvHD | 51.5 | 171 | 57.9 | 76 | ||
Relapse | 14.8 | 162 | 5.6 | 72 | ||
Number of infections | 2.14 (1.8) | 170 | 1.87 (1.82) | 76 | ||
Death | 16.4 | 177 | 1.3 | 80 |
Procedure
Measures
Post-traumatic growth (PTG) assessment
Mental health and psychological disposition prior to hospitalisation
Mental health
Psychological dispositions
PTSD assessment at follow-up
Results
Retrospective and prospective measures of growth
Mean before HSCT | Mean at 5-month follow-up | Change score | BF10 | Reliable increase | Reliable decrease | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retrospective Measure of Growth (PTGI) | – | – | – | – | – | |
- Relating to others | – | 2.90 | – | – | – | – |
- New Possibilities | – | 2.30 | – | – | – | – |
- Personal strength | – | 2.84 | – | – | – | – |
- Change in spirituality | – | 1.84 | – | – | – | – |
- Appreciation of life | – | 3.23 | – | – | – | – |
Mean score of PTGI | – | 2.67 | – | – | – | – |
Prospective Measure of Growth | ||||||
- Positive orientation to others | 5.81 | 5.35 | −0.46*** | 65 | 8.5% | 33.8% |
- Personal Growth subscale | 4.67 | 4.53 | −0.14* | 0.9 | 11.4% | 28.6% |
- Brief Strengths Inventory | 3.86 | 3.70 | −0.16** | 7.8 | 10.0% | 28.6% |
Wisdom/knowledge | 3.87 | 3.70 | −0.17** | 3.3 | 7.1% | 25.7% |
Courage | 3.85 | 3.79 | −0.06 | 0.2 | 10.3% | 10.3% |
Humanity | 4.03 | 3.84 | −0.19* | 2.5 | 10.3% | 27.9% |
Justice | 3.96 | 3.62 | − 0.34*** | 31.9 | 2.9% | 16.2% |
Temperance | 3.59 | 3.48 | −0.11 | 0.2 | 8.8% | 10.3% |
Transcendence | 3.92 | 3.76 | −0.16* | 0.9 | 8.8% | 17.6% |
- Intrinsic Spirituality scale | 4.80 | 4.16 | −0.64** | 6.7 | 17.4% | 43.5% |
- Life satisfaction scale | 5.40 | 4.92 | −0.48*** | 52.8 | 8.6% | 32.9% |
Mean score of growth | 4.90 | 4.52 | −0.38*** | > 150 | 5.6% | 40.8% |
Relationship between retrospective and prospective measures of growth
Change in Growth (T2 – T1) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive orientation to others | Personal Growth subscale | Brief Strengths Inventory | Intrinsic Spirituality scale | Life satisfaction scale | |
Retrospective Measure of Growth at Time 2 (PTGI) | |||||
Relating to Others | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.29* | 0.20+ | 0.10 |
New Possibilities | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.29* | 0.03 | 0.17 |
Personal Strength | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.29* | 0.07 | 0.17 |
Spiritual Change | 0.12 | 0.26* | 0.03 | − 0.01 | 0.09 |
Appreciation of life | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.29* | −0.05 | 0.25* |
Mean score of PTGI | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.29* | 0.08 | 0.18 |
Relationship between retrospective and prospective measures of growth, and mental health and psychological dispositions
Anxiety (HAD-A) | Depression (HAD-D) | Happiness (SA-DHS) | Optimism (LOT) | Extraversion (BFI) | Acceptance (AAQII) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retrospective Measure of Growth at Time 2 (PTGI) | ||||||
Relating to Others | −0.05 | − 0.11 | 0.42*** | 0.30** | 0.22+ | 0.15 |
New Possibilities | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.23*† | −0.01 | 0.18 | −0.06 |
Personal Strength | −0.06 | −0.10 | 0.35*** | 0.13 | 0.23* | 0.10† |
Spiritual Change | −0.01 | −0.07 | 0.23*† | 0.13 | 0.19† | − 0.02 |
Appreciation of life | 0.05 | −0.06 | 0.26* | 0.15 | 0.32** | 0.09 |
Mean score of PTGI | 0.03 | −0.05 | 0.36*** | 0.17 | 0.25* | 0.06† |
Change in Growth (Time 2 – Time 1) | ||||||
Positive orientation to others | −0.17 | − 0.29* | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.24+ | 0.22+ |
Personal Growth subscale | 0.38** | 0.20 | −0.23+ | −0.28* | − 0.06 | − 0.09 |
Brief Strengths Inventory | − 0.13 | −0.20 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.26* | 0.50* |
Intrinsic Spirituality scale | −0.07 | −0.20 | 0.11 | 0.15 | −0.18 | 0.24+ |
Life satisfaction scale | −0.19 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.21 |
Mean score in growth change | −0.14 | −0.20 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.39** |
Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observing | Describing | Acting with awareness | Non-reacting | Non-judging | |
Retrospective Measure of Growth at Time 2 (PTGI) | |||||
Relating to Others | 0.30** | 0.33** | 0.13 | 0.16 | −0.11 |
New Possibilities | 0.28* | 0.27* | 0.08 | −0.04 | − 0.26*† |
Personal Strength | 0.24* | 0.28* | 0.21+ | 0.02 | −0.17† |
Spiritual Change | 0.30**† | 0.22+ | 0.05 | 0.08 | −0.21 + † |
Appreciation of Life | 0.30** | 0.37*** | 0.26* | 0.01 | −0.29* |
Total Score | 0.32** | 0.34** | 0.16 | 0.06 | −0.24*† |
Change in Growth (Time 2 – Time 1) | |||||
Positive orientation to others | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.26* | 0.09 |
Personal Growth subscale | 0.05 | 0.11 | −0.15 | 0.04 | 0.14 |
Brief Strengths Inventory | 0.31* | 0.29* | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.23+ |
Intrinsic Spirituality scale | −0.06 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.24+ |
Life satisfaction scale | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.12 | −0.03 | 0.05 |
Mean score in growth change | 0.16 | 0.23+ | 0.23+ | 0.24+ | 0.28* |