Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 3/2012

01.03.2012 | Original Paper

Roles of genetic variants in the PI3K and RAS/RAF pathways in susceptibility to endometrial cancer and clinical outcomes

verfasst von: Li-E Wang, Hongxia Ma, Katherine S. Hale, Ming Yin, Larissa A. Meyer, Hongliang Liu, Jie Li, Karen H. Lu, Bryan T. Hennessy, Xuesong Li, Margaret R. Spitz, Qingyi Wei, Gordon B. Mills

Erschienen in: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology | Ausgabe 3/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/PTEN/AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways have been implicated in endometrial tumorigenesis. In this candidate pathway analysis, we investigated associations between genetic variations in these two pathways and both risk and clinical outcomes of endometrial cancer.

Methods

We genotyped a total of 48 potentially functional SNPs in 11 key genes (AKT1, AKT2, AKT3, BRAF, FRAP1, KRAS, PDPK1, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3R1, and PTEN) with the Sequenom genotyping platform in 115 endometrial cancer patients and 230 cancer-free women to evaluate their associations with risk, survival, and recurrence of endometrial cancer.

Results

We found the following: (1) PIK3CA rs6443624 and rs9838411 variants either borderline or significantly decreased risk of endometrial cancer in a dominant model (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39–1.00 and 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36–0.95, respectively). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant multiplicative interaction (P int = 0.036) between these two loci in risk of endometrial cancer. In contrast, the AKT1 rs2498801 genotype significantly increased risk of endometrial cancer (adjusted OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.02–3.67 in a recessive model). (2) In Cox regression analyses, three SNPs (PIK3R1 rs1862162, AKT2 rs892119, and PIK3CA rs2699887) showed significant associations with survival of endometrial cancer patients. (3) KRAS rs7312175 and PIK3CA rs6443624 had significant effects on recurrence of endometrial cancer individually and combined in a locus–dosage manner (adjusted P trend = 0.003).

Conclusion

These results suggest that common genetic variations in these pathways may modulate risk and clinical outcomes of endometrial cancer. Further replication and functional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Abal M, Planaguma J, Gil-Moreno A, Monge M, Gonzalez M, Baro T, Garcia A, Castellvi J, Ramon YCS, Xercavins J, Alameda F, Reventos J (2006) Molecular pathology of endometrial carcinoma: transcriptional signature in endometrioid tumors. Histol Histopathol 21(2):197–204PubMed Abal M, Planaguma J, Gil-Moreno A, Monge M, Gonzalez M, Baro T, Garcia A, Castellvi J, Ramon YCS, Xercavins J, Alameda F, Reventos J (2006) Molecular pathology of endometrial carcinoma: transcriptional signature in endometrioid tumors. Histol Histopathol 21(2):197–204PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Abrams SL, Steelman LS, Shelton JG, Wong EW, Chappell WH, Basecke J, Stivala F, Donia M, Nicoletti F, Libra M, Martelli AM, McCubrey JA (2010) The Raf/MEK/ERK pathway can govern drug resistance, apoptosis and sensitivity to targeted therapy. Cell Cycle 9(9):1781–1791PubMedCrossRef Abrams SL, Steelman LS, Shelton JG, Wong EW, Chappell WH, Basecke J, Stivala F, Donia M, Nicoletti F, Libra M, Martelli AM, McCubrey JA (2010) The Raf/MEK/ERK pathway can govern drug resistance, apoptosis and sensitivity to targeted therapy. Cell Cycle 9(9):1781–1791PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Akhmedkhanov A, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Toniolo P (2001) Role of exogenous and endogenous hormones in endometrial cancer: review of the evidence and research perspectives. Ann N Y Acad Sci 943:296–315 Akhmedkhanov A, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Toniolo P (2001) Role of exogenous and endogenous hormones in endometrial cancer: review of the evidence and research perspectives. Ann N Y Acad Sci 943:296–315
Zurück zum Zitat Almind K, Delahaye L, Hansen T, Van Obberghen E, Pedersen O, Kahn CR (2002) Characterization of the Met326Ile variant of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(4):2124–2128PubMedCrossRef Almind K, Delahaye L, Hansen T, Van Obberghen E, Pedersen O, Kahn CR (2002) Characterization of the Met326Ile variant of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(4):2124–2128PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Antico-Arciuch VG, Dima M, Liao XH, Refetoff S, Di Cristofano A (2010) Cross-talk between PI3K and estrogen in the mouse thyroid predisposes to the development of follicular carcinomas with a higher incidence in females. Oncogene Antico-Arciuch VG, Dima M, Liao XH, Refetoff S, Di Cristofano A (2010) Cross-talk between PI3K and estrogen in the mouse thyroid predisposes to the development of follicular carcinomas with a higher incidence in females. Oncogene
Zurück zum Zitat Arcaro A, Guerreiro AS (2007) The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in human cancer: genetic alterations and therapeutic implications. Curr Genomics 8(5):271–306PubMedCrossRef Arcaro A, Guerreiro AS (2007) The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in human cancer: genetic alterations and therapeutic implications. Curr Genomics 8(5):271–306PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bellacosa A, Kumar CC, Di Cristofano A, Testa JR (2005) Activation of AKT kinases in cancer: implications for therapeutic targeting. Adv Cancer Res 94:29–86 Bellacosa A, Kumar CC, Di Cristofano A, Testa JR (2005) Activation of AKT kinases in cancer: implications for therapeutic targeting. Adv Cancer Res 94:29–86
Zurück zum Zitat Carpten JD, Faber AL, Horn C, Donoho GP, Briggs SL, Robbins CM, Hostetter G, Boguslawski S, Moses TY, Savage S, Uhlik M, Lin A, Du J, Qian YW, Zeckner DJ, Tucker-Kellogg G, Touchman J, Patel K, Mousses S, Bittner M, Schevitz R, Lai MH, Blanchard KL, Thomas JE (2007) A transforming mutation in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1 in cancer. Nature 448(7152):439–444PubMedCrossRef Carpten JD, Faber AL, Horn C, Donoho GP, Briggs SL, Robbins CM, Hostetter G, Boguslawski S, Moses TY, Savage S, Uhlik M, Lin A, Du J, Qian YW, Zeckner DJ, Tucker-Kellogg G, Touchman J, Patel K, Mousses S, Bittner M, Schevitz R, Lai MH, Blanchard KL, Thomas JE (2007) A transforming mutation in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1 in cancer. Nature 448(7152):439–444PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Catasus L, Gallardo A, Cuatrecasas M, Prat J (2008) PIK3CA mutations in the kinase domain (exon 20) of uterine endometrial adenocarcinomas are associated with adverse prognostic parameters. Mod Pathol 21(2):131–139PubMed Catasus L, Gallardo A, Cuatrecasas M, Prat J (2008) PIK3CA mutations in the kinase domain (exon 20) of uterine endometrial adenocarcinomas are associated with adverse prognostic parameters. Mod Pathol 21(2):131–139PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Catasus L, Gallardo A, Cuatrecasas M, Prat J (2009) Concomitant PI3K-AKT and p53 alterations in endometrial carcinomas are associated with poor prognosis. Mod Pathol 22(4):522–529PubMedCrossRef Catasus L, Gallardo A, Cuatrecasas M, Prat J (2009) Concomitant PI3K-AKT and p53 alterations in endometrial carcinomas are associated with poor prognosis. Mod Pathol 22(4):522–529PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chen JS, Wang Q, Fu XH, Huang XH, Chen XL, Cao LQ, Chen LZ, Tan HX, Li W, Bi J, Zhang LJ (2009) Involvement of PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway in invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma: association with MMP-9. Hepatol Res 39(2):177–186PubMedCrossRef Chen JS, Wang Q, Fu XH, Huang XH, Chen XL, Cao LQ, Chen LZ, Tan HX, Li W, Bi J, Zhang LJ (2009) Involvement of PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway in invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma: association with MMP-9. Hepatol Res 39(2):177–186PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hayes MP, Wang H, Espinal-Witter R, Douglas W, Solomon GJ, Baker SJ, Ellenson LH (2006) PIK3CA and PTEN mutations in uterine endometrioid carcinoma and complex atypical hyperplasia. Clin Cancer Res 12(20 Pt 1):5932–5935 Hayes MP, Wang H, Espinal-Witter R, Douglas W, Solomon GJ, Baker SJ, Ellenson LH (2006) PIK3CA and PTEN mutations in uterine endometrioid carcinoma and complex atypical hyperplasia. Clin Cancer Res 12(20 Pt 1):5932–5935
Zurück zum Zitat Hildebrandt MA, Yang H, Hung MC, Izzo JG, Huang M, Lin J, Ajani JA, Wu X (2009) Genetic variations in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway are associated with clinical outcomes in esophageal cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 27(6):857–871PubMedCrossRef Hildebrandt MA, Yang H, Hung MC, Izzo JG, Huang M, Lin J, Ajani JA, Wu X (2009) Genetic variations in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway are associated with clinical outcomes in esophageal cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 27(6):857–871PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kirkegaard T, Witton CJ, McGlynn LM, Tovey SM, Dunne B, Lyon A, Bartlett JM (2005) AKT activation predicts outcome in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. J Pathol 207(2):139–146PubMedCrossRef Kirkegaard T, Witton CJ, McGlynn LM, Tovey SM, Dunne B, Lyon A, Bartlett JM (2005) AKT activation predicts outcome in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. J Pathol 207(2):139–146PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Konstantinova D, Kaneva R, Dimitrov R, Savov A, Ivanov S, Dyankova T, Kremensky I, Mitev V (2010) Rare mutations in the PIK3CA gene contribute to aggressive endometrial cancer. DNA Cell Biol 29(2):65–70PubMedCrossRef Konstantinova D, Kaneva R, Dimitrov R, Savov A, Ivanov S, Dyankova T, Kremensky I, Mitev V (2010) Rare mutations in the PIK3CA gene contribute to aggressive endometrial cancer. DNA Cell Biol 29(2):65–70PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lacey JV Jr, Yang H, Gaudet MM, Dunning A, Lissowska J, Sherman ME, Peplonska B, Brinton LA, Healey CS, Ahmed S, Pharoah P, Easton D, Chanock S, Garcia-Closas M (2011) Endometrial cancer and genetic variation in PTEN, PIK3CA, AKT1, MLH1, and MSH2 within a population-based case-control study. Gynecol Oncol 120(2):167–173PubMedCrossRef Lacey JV Jr, Yang H, Gaudet MM, Dunning A, Lissowska J, Sherman ME, Peplonska B, Brinton LA, Healey CS, Ahmed S, Pharoah P, Easton D, Chanock S, Garcia-Closas M (2011) Endometrial cancer and genetic variation in PTEN, PIK3CA, AKT1, MLH1, and MSH2 within a population-based case-control study. Gynecol Oncol 120(2):167–173PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lax SF (2007) Molecular genetic changes in epithelial, stromal and mixed neoplasms of the endometrium. Pathology 39(1):46–54PubMedCrossRef Lax SF (2007) Molecular genetic changes in epithelial, stromal and mixed neoplasms of the endometrium. Pathology 39(1):46–54PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li J, Yen C, Liaw D, Podsypanina K, Bose S, Wang SI, Puc J, Miliaresis C, Rodgers L, McCombie R, Bigner SH, Giovanella BC, Ittmann M, Tycko B, Hibshoosh H, Wigler MH, Parsons R (1997) PTEN, a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase gene mutated in human brain, breast, and prostate cancer. Science 275(5308):1943–1947PubMedCrossRef Li J, Yen C, Liaw D, Podsypanina K, Bose S, Wang SI, Puc J, Miliaresis C, Rodgers L, McCombie R, Bigner SH, Giovanella BC, Ittmann M, Tycko B, Hibshoosh H, Wigler MH, Parsons R (1997) PTEN, a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase gene mutated in human brain, breast, and prostate cancer. Science 275(5308):1943–1947PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li L, Plummer SJ, Thompson CL, Tucker TC, Casey G (2008) Association between phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit p85alpha Met326Ile genetic polymorphism and colon cancer risk. Clin Cancer Res 14(3):633–637PubMedCrossRef Li L, Plummer SJ, Thompson CL, Tucker TC, Casey G (2008) Association between phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit p85alpha Met326Ile genetic polymorphism and colon cancer risk. Clin Cancer Res 14(3):633–637PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Luo J, Cantley LC (2005) The negative regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling by p85 and it’s implication in cancer. Cell Cycle 4(10):1309–1312PubMedCrossRef Luo J, Cantley LC (2005) The negative regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling by p85 and it’s implication in cancer. Cell Cycle 4(10):1309–1312PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R, Gurubhagavatula S, Okimoto RA, Brannigan BW, Harris PL, Haserlat SM, Supko JG, Haluska FG, Louis DN, Christiani DC, Settleman J, Haber DA (2004) Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med 350(21):2129–2139PubMedCrossRef Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R, Gurubhagavatula S, Okimoto RA, Brannigan BW, Harris PL, Haserlat SM, Supko JG, Haluska FG, Louis DN, Christiani DC, Settleman J, Haber DA (2004) Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med 350(21):2129–2139PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Manning BD, Cantley LC (2007) AKT/PKB signaling: navigating downstream. Cell 129(7):1261–1274PubMedCrossRef Manning BD, Cantley LC (2007) AKT/PKB signaling: navigating downstream. Cell 129(7):1261–1274PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Abrams SL, Lee JT, Chang F, Bertrand FE, Navolanic PM, Terrian DM, Franklin RA, D’Assoro AB, Salisbury JL, Mazzarino MC, Stivala F, Libra M (2006) Roles of the RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathways in malignant transformation and drug resistance. Adv Enzyme Regul 46:249–279 McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Abrams SL, Lee JT, Chang F, Bertrand FE, Navolanic PM, Terrian DM, Franklin RA, D’Assoro AB, Salisbury JL, Mazzarino MC, Stivala F, Libra M (2006) Roles of the RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathways in malignant transformation and drug resistance. Adv Enzyme Regul 46:249–279
Zurück zum Zitat Minaguchi T, Yoshikawa H, Oda K, Ishino T, Yasugi T, Onda T, Nakagawa S, Matsumoto K, Kawana K, Taketani Y (2001) PTEN mutation located only outside exons 5, 6, and 7 is an independent predictor of favorable survival in endometrial carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 7(9):2636–2642PubMed Minaguchi T, Yoshikawa H, Oda K, Ishino T, Yasugi T, Onda T, Nakagawa S, Matsumoto K, Kawana K, Taketani Y (2001) PTEN mutation located only outside exons 5, 6, and 7 is an independent predictor of favorable survival in endometrial carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 7(9):2636–2642PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Mizuuchi H, Nasim S, Kudo R, Silverberg SG, Greenhouse S, Garrett CT (1992) Clinical implications of K-ras mutations in malignant epithelial tumors of the endometrium. Cancer Res 52(10):2777–2781PubMed Mizuuchi H, Nasim S, Kudo R, Silverberg SG, Greenhouse S, Garrett CT (1992) Clinical implications of K-ras mutations in malignant epithelial tumors of the endometrium. Cancer Res 52(10):2777–2781PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Mori N, Kyo S, Sakaguchi J, Mizumoto Y, Ohno S, Maida Y, Hashimoto M, Takakura M, Inoue M (2007) Concomitant activation of AKT with extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 occurs independently of PTEN or PIK3CA mutations in endometrial cancer and may be associated with favorable prognosiss. Cancer Sci 98(12):1881–1888PubMedCrossRef Mori N, Kyo S, Sakaguchi J, Mizumoto Y, Ohno S, Maida Y, Hashimoto M, Takakura M, Inoue M (2007) Concomitant activation of AKT with extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 occurs independently of PTEN or PIK3CA mutations in endometrial cancer and may be associated with favorable prognosiss. Cancer Sci 98(12):1881–1888PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Murayama-Hosokawa S, Oda K, Nakagawa S, Ishikawa S, Yamamoto S, Shoji K, Ikeda Y, Uehara Y, Fukayama M, McCormick F, Yano T, Taketani Y, Aburatani H (2010) Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays in endometrial carcinomas associate extensive chromosomal instability with poor prognosis and unveil frequent chromosomal imbalances involved in the PI3-kinase pathway. Oncogene 29(13):1897–1908PubMedCrossRef Murayama-Hosokawa S, Oda K, Nakagawa S, Ishikawa S, Yamamoto S, Shoji K, Ikeda Y, Uehara Y, Fukayama M, McCormick F, Yano T, Taketani Y, Aburatani H (2010) Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays in endometrial carcinomas associate extensive chromosomal instability with poor prognosis and unveil frequent chromosomal imbalances involved in the PI3-kinase pathway. Oncogene 29(13):1897–1908PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nicholson KM, Anderson NG (2002) The protein kinase B/Akt signalling pathway in human malignancy. Cell Signal 14(5):381–395PubMedCrossRef Nicholson KM, Anderson NG (2002) The protein kinase B/Akt signalling pathway in human malignancy. Cell Signal 14(5):381–395PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ninomiya Y, Kato K, Takahashi A, Ueoka Y, Kamikihara T, Arima T, Matsuda T, Kato H, Nishida J, Wake N (2004) K-Ras and H-Ras activation promote distinct consequences on endometrial cell survival. Cancer Res 64(8):2759–2765PubMedCrossRef Ninomiya Y, Kato K, Takahashi A, Ueoka Y, Kamikihara T, Arima T, Matsuda T, Kato H, Nishida J, Wake N (2004) K-Ras and H-Ras activation promote distinct consequences on endometrial cell survival. Cancer Res 64(8):2759–2765PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Oehler MK, Brand A, Wain GV (2003) Molecular genetics and endometrial cancer. J Br Menopause Soc 9(1):27–31PubMedCrossRef Oehler MK, Brand A, Wain GV (2003) Molecular genetics and endometrial cancer. J Br Menopause Soc 9(1):27–31PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Paynter RA, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Kraft P, Hunter DJ, De Vivo I (2005) CYP19 (aromatase) haplotypes and endometrial cancer risk. Int J Cancer 116(2):267–274PubMedCrossRef Paynter RA, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Kraft P, Hunter DJ, De Vivo I (2005) CYP19 (aromatase) haplotypes and endometrial cancer risk. Int J Cancer 116(2):267–274PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Philp AJ, Campbell IG, Leet C, Vincan E, Rockman SP, Whitehead RH, Thomas RJ, Phillips WA (2001) The phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase p85alpha gene is an oncogene in human ovarian and colon tumors. Cancer Res 61(20):7426–7429PubMed Philp AJ, Campbell IG, Leet C, Vincan E, Rockman SP, Whitehead RH, Thomas RJ, Phillips WA (2001) The phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase p85alpha gene is an oncogene in human ovarian and colon tumors. Cancer Res 61(20):7426–7429PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Pu X, Hildebrandt MA, Lu C, Lin J, Stewart DJ, Ye Y, Gu J, Spitz MR, Wu X (2010) PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway genetic variation predicts toxicity and distant progression in lung cancer patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. Lung Cancer Pu X, Hildebrandt MA, Lu C, Lin J, Stewart DJ, Ye Y, Gu J, Spitz MR, Wu X (2010) PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway genetic variation predicts toxicity and distant progression in lung cancer patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. Lung Cancer
Zurück zum Zitat Quaye L, Song H, Ramus SJ, Gentry-Maharaj A, Hogdall E, DiCioccio RA, McGuire V, Wu AH, Van Den Berg DJ, Pike MC, Wozniak E, Doherty JA, Rossing MA, Ness RB, Moysich KB, Hogdall C, Blaakaer J, Easton DF, Ponder BA, Jacobs IJ, Menon U, Whittemore AS, Kruger-Kjaer S, Pearce CL, Pharoah PD, Gayther SA (2009) Tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate oncogenes and susceptibility to ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 100(6):993–1001PubMedCrossRef Quaye L, Song H, Ramus SJ, Gentry-Maharaj A, Hogdall E, DiCioccio RA, McGuire V, Wu AH, Van Den Berg DJ, Pike MC, Wozniak E, Doherty JA, Rossing MA, Ness RB, Moysich KB, Hogdall C, Blaakaer J, Easton DF, Ponder BA, Jacobs IJ, Menon U, Whittemore AS, Kruger-Kjaer S, Pearce CL, Pharoah PD, Gayther SA (2009) Tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate oncogenes and susceptibility to ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 100(6):993–1001PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rudd ML, Price JC, Fogoros S, Godwin AK, Sgroi DC, Merino MJ, Bell DW (2011) A unique spectrum of somatic PIK3CA (p110{alpha}) mutations within primary endometrial carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 17(6):1331–1340PubMedCrossRef Rudd ML, Price JC, Fogoros S, Godwin AK, Sgroi DC, Merino MJ, Bell DW (2011) A unique spectrum of somatic PIK3CA (p110{alpha}) mutations within primary endometrial carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 17(6):1331–1340PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Samuels Y, Wang Z, Bardelli A, Silliman N, Ptak J, Szabo S, Yan H, Gazdar A, Powell SM, Riggins GJ, Willson JK, Markowitz S, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Velculescu VE (2004) High frequency of mutations of the PIK3CA gene in human cancers. Science 304(5670):554PubMedCrossRef Samuels Y, Wang Z, Bardelli A, Silliman N, Ptak J, Szabo S, Yan H, Gazdar A, Powell SM, Riggins GJ, Willson JK, Markowitz S, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Velculescu VE (2004) High frequency of mutations of the PIK3CA gene in human cancers. Science 304(5670):554PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Siegel R, Ward E, Brawley O, Jemal A (2011) Cancer statistics, 2011: the impact of eliminating socioeconomic and racial disparities on premature cancer deaths. CA Cancer J Clin 61(4):212–236PubMedCrossRef Siegel R, Ward E, Brawley O, Jemal A (2011) Cancer statistics, 2011: the impact of eliminating socioeconomic and racial disparities on premature cancer deaths. CA Cancer J Clin 61(4):212–236PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Steelman LS, Stadelman KM, Chappell WH, Horn S, Basecke J, Cervello M, Nicoletti F, Libra M, Stivala F, Martelli AM, McCubrey JA (2008) Akt as a therapeutic target in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 12(9):1139–1165PubMedCrossRef Steelman LS, Stadelman KM, Chappell WH, Horn S, Basecke J, Cervello M, Nicoletti F, Libra M, Stivala F, Martelli AM, McCubrey JA (2008) Akt as a therapeutic target in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 12(9):1139–1165PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Steelman LS, Abrams SL, Shelton JG, Chappell WH, Basecke J, Stivala F, Donia M, Nicoletti F, Libra M, Martelli AM, McCubrey JA (2010) Dominant roles of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in cell cycle progression, prevention of apoptosis and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Cell Cycle 9:8 Steelman LS, Abrams SL, Shelton JG, Chappell WH, Basecke J, Stivala F, Donia M, Nicoletti F, Libra M, Martelli AM, McCubrey JA (2010) Dominant roles of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in cell cycle progression, prevention of apoptosis and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Cell Cycle 9:8
Zurück zum Zitat Testa JR, Bellacosa A (2001) AKT plays a central role in tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(20):10983–10985PubMedCrossRef Testa JR, Bellacosa A (2001) AKT plays a central role in tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(20):10983–10985PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Treloar SA, Zhao ZZ, Le L, Zondervan KT, Martin NG, Kennedy S, Nyholt DR, Montgomery GW (2007) Variants in EMX2 and PTEN do not contribute to risk of endometriosis. Mol Hum Reprod 13(8):587–594PubMedCrossRef Treloar SA, Zhao ZZ, Le L, Zondervan KT, Martin NG, Kennedy S, Nyholt DR, Montgomery GW (2007) Variants in EMX2 and PTEN do not contribute to risk of endometriosis. Mol Hum Reprod 13(8):587–594PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Urick ME, Rudd ML, Godwin AK, Sgroi DC, Merino M, Bell DW (2011) PIK3R1 (p85-alpha/p85{alpha}) is somatically mutated at high frequency in primary endometrial cancer. Cancer Res Urick ME, Rudd ML, Godwin AK, Sgroi DC, Merino M, Bell DW (2011) PIK3R1 (p85-alpha/p85{alpha}) is somatically mutated at high frequency in primary endometrial cancer. Cancer Res
Zurück zum Zitat Wang T, Ho G, Ye K, Strickler H, Elston RC (2009) A partial least-square approach for modeling gene–gene and gene-environment interactions when multiple markers are genotyped. Genet Epidemiol 33(1):6–15PubMedCrossRef Wang T, Ho G, Ye K, Strickler H, Elston RC (2009) A partial least-square approach for modeling gene–gene and gene-environment interactions when multiple markers are genotyped. Genet Epidemiol 33(1):6–15PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yuan TL, Cantley LC (2008) PI3K pathway alterations in cancer: variations on a theme. Oncogene 27(41):5497–5510PubMedCrossRef Yuan TL, Cantley LC (2008) PI3K pathway alterations in cancer: variations on a theme. Oncogene 27(41):5497–5510PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Roles of genetic variants in the PI3K and RAS/RAF pathways in susceptibility to endometrial cancer and clinical outcomes
verfasst von
Li-E Wang
Hongxia Ma
Katherine S. Hale
Ming Yin
Larissa A. Meyer
Hongliang Liu
Jie Li
Karen H. Lu
Bryan T. Hennessy
Xuesong Li
Margaret R. Spitz
Qingyi Wei
Gordon B. Mills
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2012
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology / Ausgabe 3/2012
Print ISSN: 0171-5216
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1335
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-011-1103-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2012

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 3/2012 Zur Ausgabe

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.