Background
Methods
Rotavirus surveillance
Laboratory processing
RVA genotyping
Phylogenetic analysis of the Kenyan G1 and P [8] vaccine strains
Data analysis
Results
G and P genotypes circulating in Kenya
G Genotypes | n | % | P Genotypes | n | % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
G1 | 459 | 49.5 | P [4] | 213 | 23.6 |
G2 | 103 | 11.1 | P [6] | 70 | 7.7 |
G3 | 94 | 10.1 | P [8] | 618 | 68.4 |
G4 | 1 | 0.1 | P [14] | 3 | 0.3 |
G8 | 111 | 12.0 | |||
G9 | 118 | 12.7 | |||
G10 | 5 | 0.5 | |||
G12 | 36 | 3.9 | |||
G29 | 1 | 0.1 | |||
Total | 928 | Total | 904 |
Rotavirus genotype distribution in pre- and post- vaccination eras
2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | Total | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genotype | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % |
G1P [8] | 40 | 26.1 | 117 | 73.1 | 39 | 26 | 60 | 57.7 | 38 | 46.9 | 91 | 90.1 | 8 | 18.2 | 7 | 43.8 | 17 | 25.8 | 417 | 47.7 |
G8P [4] | 54 | 35.3 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 28 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.3 | 0 | 0 | 98 | 11.2 |
G2P [4] | 11 | 7.2 | 1 | 0.6 | 19 | 12.7 | 5 | 4.8 | 14 | 17.3 | 3 | 3 | 35 | 79.5 | 5 | 31.3 | 4 | 6.1 | 97 | 11.1 |
G9P [8] | 18 | 11.8 | 20 | 12.5 | 30 | 20 | 8 | 7.7 | 17 | 21 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | 95 | 10.9 |
G3P [8] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3.8 | 4 | 4.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.3 | 41 | 62.1 | 50 | 5.7 |
G3P [6] | 2 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1.3 | 13 | 12.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 12.5 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 2.9 |
G12P [6] | 2 | 1.3 | 5 | 3.1 | 4 | 2.7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | 14 | 1.6 |
G1P [6] | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.6 | 2 | 1.3 | 9 | 8.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1.5 |
G12P [8] | 2 | 1.3 | 6 | 3.8 | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | 11 | 1.3 |
G9P [6] | 8 | 5.2 | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 1.3 |
G1P [4] | 5 | 3.3 | 1 | 0.6 | 2 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
G9P [4] | 4 | 2.6 | 2 | 1.3 | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0.8 |
G10P [8] | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0.7 |
G8P [8] | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.6 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0.6 |
G8P [6] | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.5 |
G2P [8] | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | 4 | 0.5 |
G12P [4] | 2 | 1.3 | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0.3 |
G3P [4] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0.2 |
G4P [4] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.1 |
G1P [14] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.1 |
G9P [14] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.1 |
G8P [14] | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.1 |
Total | 153 | 160 | 150 | 104 | 81 | 101 | 44 | 16 | 66 | 875 |
Pre-vaccine (2010-June 2014) | Post-vaccine (July 2014–2018) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P [4] | P [6] | P [8] | P [14] | Total | P [4] | P [6] | P [8] | Total | |
G1 | 8 | 13 | 281 | 1 | 303 | 1 | 0 | 136 | 137 |
G2 | 43 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 45 | 54 | 0 | 2 | 56 |
G3 | 2 | 19 | 8 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 7 | 42 | 49 |
G4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
G8 | 97 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 107 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
G9 | 7 | 11 | 81 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 14 |
G10 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
G12 | 3 | 12 | 9 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
Total | 160 | 59 | 392 | 3 | 614 | 57 | 9 | 195 | 261 |