1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 DNA extraction
2.2 Analysis of FHIT gene hypermethylation by MS-PCR
2.3 Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for FHIT mRNA analysis
Parameters | ALL cases | FHIT mRNA expression (mean ± SD) | 95% CI | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Male | 18 (67.5%) | − 2.64 ± 2.32 | 0.013 | |
Female | 12 (32.5%) | − 4.99 ± 2.51 | − 4.179 to − 0.5206 | |
Age | ||||
≤ 18 years | 21 (62.5%) | − 3.72 ± 2.26 | 0.61 | |
> 18 years | 09 (37.5%) | − 3.25 ± 2.54 | − 1.432 to 2.392 | |
WBC counts (109/L) | ||||
< 10 | 20 (65%) | − 3.71 ± 2.67 | 0.68 | |
≥ 10 | 10 (35%) | − 3.33 ± 1.70 | 1.525 to 2.285 | |
Immunophenotype precursor-B | ||||
ALL | 26 (97.5%) | − 3.69 ± 2.24 | 0.5 | |
T-ALL | 04 (2.5%) | − 2.90 ± 3.05 | − 1.785 to 3.365 | |
Platelet cells/mm3 | ||||
≥ 150 | 09 (22.5%) | − 5.06 ± 2.50 | 0.05 | |
< 150 | 21 (77.5%) | − 3.21 ± 2.17 | − 0.0018 to 3.702 | |
Hemoglobin concentration (g/dL) | ||||
< 10 | 23 (77%) | − 3.3 ± 2.33 | − 3.231 to 0.8308 | 0.23 |
≥ 10 | 07 (23%) | − 4.5 ± 2.17 | − 3.231 to 0.8308 | |
Total no. of patients n = 66(%) | FHIT promoter methylation | |||
Methylated | Unmethylated | 0.0005 | ||
n = 53(80%) | n = 13(20%) |
2.4 Statistical analysis
3 Results
GENE | Average decreased log2 of fold change in 30 ALL cases | Average increased log2 of fold change in 10 ALL cases | 95% CI | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
FHIT | − 3.58 ± 2.32 | 2.74 ± 1.40 | − 7.901 to − 4.739 | < 0.0001 |
3.1 Correlation of FHIT gene promoter hypermethylation with its expression
Characteristics FHIT expression | No. of samples (n = 40) | Methylated FHIT | Unmethylated FHIT | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall cases | ||||
Decreased expression | 30 (75%) | 27 (90%) | 03 (10%) | 0.00008 |
Increased expression | 10 (25%) | 02 (20%) | 08 (80%) | |
Gender | ||||
Male | ||||
Decreased expression | 18 (45%) | 18 (100%) | 0 (0) | – |
Increased expression | 07 (17.5%) | 02 (28.5%) | 05 (71.5) | |
Female | ||||
Decreased expression | 12 (30%) | 09 (75%) | 03 (25%) | – |
Increased expression | 03 (7.5%) | 0 (0) | 02 (100%) | |
AGE | ||||
≤ 18 years | ||||
Decreased expression | 21 (52.5%) | 18 (86%) | 03 (14%) | 0.01 |
Increased expression | 05 (12.5%) | 01 (20%) | 04 (80%) | |
> 18 years | ||||
Decreased expression | 09 (22.5%) | 08 (89%) | 01 (11%) | 0.02 |
Increased expression | 05 (12.5%) | 01 (20%) | 04 (80%) | |
WBC counts (109/l) < 10 | ||||
Decreased expression | 20 (50%) | 18 (90%) | 02 (10%) | 0.0006 |
Increased expression | 07 (17.5%) | 01 (14%) | 06 (86%) | |
WBC counts (109/l) ≥ 10 | ||||
Decreased expression | 10 (25%) | 09 (90%) | 01 (10%) | 0.10 |
Increased expression | 03 (7.5%) | 01 (33%) | 02 (67%) | |
Immunophenotype | ||||
B ALL | ||||
Decreased expression | 26 (65%) | 24 (92%) | 02 (8%) | 0.0000 |
Increased expression | 09 (22.5%) | 01 (11%) | 08 (89%) | |
T-ALL | ||||
Decreased expression | 04 (10%) | 03 (75%) | 01 (25%) | – |
Increased expression | 01 (2.5%) | 01 (100%) | 0 | |
Platelet cells/mm3 | ||||
≥ 150 | ||||
Decreased expression | 07 (17.5%) | 06 (86%) | 01 (14%) | 0. 41 |
Increased expression | 02 (5%) | 01 (50%) | 01 (50/%) | |
< 150 | ||||
Decreased expression | 23 (57.5%) | 22 (96%) | 01 (4%) | 0.0002 |
Increased expression | 08 (20%) | 02 (25%) | 06 (75%) | |
Hb (g/dL) < 10 | ||||
Decreased expression | 23 (57.5%) | 20 (87%) | 03 (13%) | 0.0004 |
Increased expression | 10 (25%) | 2 (20%) | 08 (80%) | |
Hb (g/dL) ≥ 10 | ||||
Decreased expression | 07 (17.5%) | 07 (100%) | 0 | – |
Increased expression | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Fusion transcript + ve | ||||
Decreased expression | 13 | 11 (85%) | 10 (77%) | 0.4 |
Increased expression | 2 (15%) | 3 (23%) | ||
Fusion transcript -ve | 27 | |||
Decreased expression | 19 (70%) | 20 (74%) | 1.0 | |
Increased expression | 8 (30%) | 7 (26%) |