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Erschienen in: Arthroskopie 3/2017

24.04.2017 | Bursitis | Leitthema

Skapulothorakaler Rhythmus, Skapulasporn und Incisura-scapulae-Syndrom

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. L.‑J. Lehmann, J. Schmalzl, M. Moursy, D. Rzepka

Erschienen in: Arthroskopie | Ausgabe 3/2017

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Zusammenfassung

Die veränderte Position bzw. Bewegung der Skapula wird als Skapuladyskinesie bezeichnet. Klinisch ist diese v. a. durch ein Abheben des medialen Skapularands sowie eine fehlende Außenrotation und posteriore Kippung beim Anheben des Arms gekennzeichnet. Das primäre Winging wird dabei aus ätiopathogenetischer Sicht in einen neurologischen, einen knöchernen und einen Weichteiltyp unterteilt. Die Kompressionsneuropathien stellen insgesamt eine seltene Ursache für Schultergürtelbeschwerden dar. Bei Hochleistungsathleten in Überkopfdisziplinen müssen sie jedoch als wichtige Differenzialdiagnose bei anhaltendem Schulterschmerz in Betracht gezogen werden. Nervenläsionen skapulothorakaler und skapulohumeraler Nerven ereignen sich zumeist im Rahmen eines Traumas. Sowohl Nervenrekonstruktionen und Dekompressionen als auch Muskeltransferoperationen bei irreparablen Muskelläsionen stehen zur effektiven Behandlung zur Verfügung, bedürfen jedoch einer besonderen operativen Expertise. Pathologische Formveränderungen betreffen sowohl die knöcherne Formgebung der Skapula als auch die periskapuläre Muskulatur, Rippen und Wirbelkörper. Klinisch äußern sich diese Ätiopathologien sehr unspezifisch mit Impingement-artigen Beschwerden der betroffenen Schulter. Beim Incisura-scapulae-Syndrom handelt es sich um ein neuronales Kompressionssyndrom des N. suprascapularis im Bereich der Incisura scapulae sowie der Basis der Spina scapulae. Pathophysiologische Folgen sind v. a. die fettige Infiltration und die muskuläre Atrophie von M. supraspinatus und/oder M. infraspinatus.
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Metadaten
Titel
Skapulothorakaler Rhythmus, Skapulasporn und Incisura-scapulae-Syndrom
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. L.‑J. Lehmann
J. Schmalzl
M. Moursy
D. Rzepka
Publikationsdatum
24.04.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Arthroskopie / Ausgabe 3/2017
Print ISSN: 0933-7946
Elektronische ISSN: 1434-3924
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-017-0132-3

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