Background
Methods
The Cohorte Lausannoise (CoLaus) study
Socio-economic data
Clinical and anthropometric data
Ethics
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics of the participants
All participants | Weight gain (kg/year) | Gain≥5 kg (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
N | 4,469 | 868 | |
Age group | N (%) | Mean ± SD | N (%) |
[35-45] | 1 390 (31.1) | 0.46 ± 0.92 | 334 (24.0) |
[45-55] | 1 344 (30.1) | 0.33 ± 0.88 | 272 (20.2) |
[55-65] | 1 178 (26.4) | 0.21 ± 0.86 | 202 (17.2) |
[65–75] | 557 (12.5) | 0.06 ± 0.74 | 60 (10.8) |
p-value comparing groups | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Gender | |||
Women | 2 369 (53.0) | 0.31 ± 0.92 | 461 (19.5) |
Men | 2 100 (47.0) | 0.31 ± 0.84 | 407 (19.4) |
p-value comparing groups | 0.90 | 0.95 | |
Born in Switzerland | |||
No | 1 660 (37.1) | 0.34 ± 0.85 | 340 (20.5) |
Yes | 2 809 (62.9) | 0.29 ± 0.90 | 528 (18.8) |
p-value comparing groups | <0.05 | 0.17 | |
Nationality | |||
Swiss | 2 809 (62.9) | 0.29 ± 0.90 | 528 (18.8) |
French | 285 (6.4) | 0.35 ± 0.77 | 54 (19.0) |
Italian | 238 (5.3) | 0.41 ± 0.87 | 56 (23.5) |
Portuguese | 226 (5.1) | 0.24 ± 0.91 | 36 (15.9) |
Spanish | 157 (3.5) | 0.36 ± 0.80 | 34 (21.7) |
Other | 754 (16.9) | 0.35 ± 0.86 | 160 (21.2) |
p-value comparing groups | 0.12 | 0.21 | |
Receiving social help | |||
No | 3 930 (87.9) | 0.30 ± 0.86 | 728 (18.5) |
Yes | 539 (12.1) | 0.37 ± 1.00 | 140 (26.0) |
p-value comparing groups | 0.06 | <0.001 | |
Marital status | |||
Living alone | 1 414 (31.7) | 0.35 ± 0.96 | 316 (22.4) |
Living in couple | 3 052 (68.3) | 0.29 ± 0.84 | 552 (18.1) |
p-value comparing groups | <0.05 | <0.001 | |
Educational level | |||
Primary | 755 (16.9) | 0.30 ± 0.98 | 150 (19.9) |
Apprenticeship | 1 579 (35.3) | 0.29 ± 0.92 | 324 (20.5) |
Secondary school | 1 158 (25.9) | 0.31 ± 0.86 | 217 (18.7) |
University | 977 (21.9) | 0.32 ± 0.76 | 177 (18.1) |
p-value comparing groups | 0.84 | 0.44 | |
Smoking status | |||
Never | 1 848 (41.4) | 0.29 ± 0.85 | 312 (16.9) |
Former | 1 513 (33.9) | 0.26 ± 0.84 | 274 (18.1) |
Current | 1 108 (24.8) | 0.41 ± 0.97 | 282 (25.5) |
p-value comparing groups | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Physical activity | |||
No | 2 018 (45.2) | 0.35 ± 0.95 | 457 (22.7) |
Yes | 2 451 (54.8) | 0.27 ± 0.82 | 411 (16.8) |
p-value comparing groups | 0.005 | <0.001 | |
Body mass index categories | |||
Normal | 2 192 (49.1) | 0.35 ± 0.70 | 366 (16.7) |
Overweight | 1 651 (36.9) | 0.29 ± 0.85 | 343 (20.8) |
Obese | 626 (14.0) | 0.22 ± 1.37 | 159 (25.4) |
p-value comparing groups | 0.002 | <0.001 | |
Abdominal obesity | |||
No | 3 220 (72.1) | 0.34 ± 0.74 | 583 (18.1) |
Yes | 1 249 (28.0) | 0.22 ± 1.16 | 285 (22.8) |
p-value comparing groups | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Determinants associated with weight gain
Weight gain (kg/year) | Gain ≥5 kg | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 2 | |
Age group | ||||||
[35-45] | 0.46 ± 0.02 | 0.45 ± 0.02 | 0.47 ± 0.02 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
[45-55] | 0.33 ± 0.02 | 0.33 ± 0.02 | 0.33 ± 0.02 |
0.80 (0.67 - 0.96)
|
0.76 (0.63 - 0.92)
|
0.74 (0.62 - 0.90)
|
[55-65] | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.21 ± 0.03 |
0.65 (0.54 - 0.79)
|
0.60 (0.49 - 0.73)
|
0.56 (0.46 - 0.69)
|
[65–75] | 0.06 ± 0.04 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.08 ± 0.04 |
0.38 (0.28 - 0.51)
|
0.37 (0.27 - 0.50)
|
0.35 (0.25 - 0.47)
|
p-value between groups | <0.001a | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001a,d | <0.001d | <0.001d |
Gender | ||||||
Women | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Men | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.97 (0.84 - 1.13) | 0.93 (0.79 - 1.08) | 1.02 (0.87 - 1.19) |
p-value between groups | 0.55b | 0.88 | 0.73 | 0.72b | 0.34 | 0.80 |
Born in Switzerland | ||||||
No | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 0.32 ± 0.02 | - | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | - |
Yes | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | - | 0.97 (0.83 - 1.13) | 1.04 (0.89 - 1.22) | - |
p-value between groups | 0.47 | 0.52 | - | 0.66 | 0.61 | |
Nationality | ||||||
Swiss | 0.30 ± 0.02 | - | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
French | 0.34 ± 0.05 | - | 0.33 ± 0.05 | 0.96 (0.70 - 1.32) | - | 0.98 (0.71 - 1.34) |
Italian | 0.45 ± 0.06 | - | 0.45 ± 0.06 |
1.41 (1.02 - 1.93)
| - | 1.36 (0.98 - 1.88) |
Portuguese | 0.13 ± 0.06 | - | 0.12 ± 0.06 |
0.65 (0.45 - 0.95)
| - |
0.60 (0.41 - 0.88)
|
Spanish | 0.35 ± 0.07 | - | 0.35 ± 0.07 | 1.12 (0.75 - 1.66) | - | 1.10 (0.74 - 1.65) |
Other | 0.32 ± 0.03 | - | 0.31 ± 0.03 | 1.07 (0.88 - 1.31) | - | 1.01 (0.82 - 1.25) |
p-value between groups | 0.006 | - | 0.005 | - | - | - |
Receiving social help | ||||||
No | 0.30 ± 0.01 | 0.30 ± 0.01 | 0.30 ± 0.01 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Yes | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 0.34 ± 0.04 |
1.43 (1.16 - 1.77)
|
1.28 (1.03 - 1.58)
|
1.32 (1.07 - 1.64)
|
p-value between groups | 0.32 | 0.49 | 0.40 | 0.001 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Marital status | ||||||
Living alone | 0.36 ± 0.02 | 0.36 ± 0.02 | 0.35 ± 0.02 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Living in couple | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 0.29 ± 0.02 |
0.73 (0.62 - 0.86)
|
0.76 (0.65 - 0.90)
|
0.77 (0.66 - 0.91)
|
p-value between groups | 0.007 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Educational level | ||||||
Primary | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
Apprenticeship | 0.31 ± 0.02 | - | - | 1.05 (0.84 - 1.30) | - | - |
Secondary school | 0.30 ± 0.03 | - | - | 0.88 (0.70 - 1.11) | - | - |
University | 0.29 ± 0.03 | - | - | 0.81 (0.63 - 1.03) | - | - |
p-value between groups | 0.95 | - | - | 0.02d | ||
Smoking status | ||||||
Never | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Former | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 1.14 (0.95 - 1.36) | 1.14 (0.95 - 1.36) | 1.13 (0.94 - 1.36) |
Current | 0.39 ± 0.03 | 0.37 ± 0.03 | 0.37 ± 0.03 |
1.63 (1.35 - 1.95)
|
1.59 (1.32 - 1.91)
|
1.56 (1.29 - 1.88)
|
p-value between groups | 0.003 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.001d | <0.001d | <0.001d |
Physical activity | ||||||
No | 0.34 ± 0.02 | 0.34 ± 0.02 | 0.34 ± 0.02 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Yes | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.28 ± 0.02 |
0.72 (0.62 - 0.83)
|
0.79 (0.68 - 0.92)
|
0.77 (0.66 - 0.90)
|
p-value between groups | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Body mass index categories | - | |||||
Normal | 0.33 ± 0.02 | 0.33 ± 0.02 | - | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | - |
Overweight | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | - |
1.46 (1.23 - 1.73)
|
1.43 (1.21 - 1.70)
| - |
Obese | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | - |
1.95 (1.57 - 2.43)
|
1.89 (1.51 - 2.37)
| - |
p-value between groups | 0.13 | 0.08 | - | <0.001d | <0.001d | |
Abdominal obesity | ||||||
No | 0.32 ± 0.02 | - | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 1 (ref.) | - | 1 (ref.) |
Yes | 0.27 ± 0.03 | - | 0.26 ± 0.03 |
1.58 (1.34 - 1.87)
| - |
1.52 (1.28 - 1.80)
|
p-value between groups | 0.08 | - | <0.05 | <0.001 | <0.001 |