Background
Methods
Results
Stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden
Measure/region | Age | Metric name | All-type stroke | Ischaemic stroke | Intracerebral haemorrhage | Subarachnoid haemorrhage | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | |||||||||||
1990 | 2017 | Percent change | 1990 | 2017 | Percent change | 1990 | 2017 | Percent change | 1990 | 2017 | Percent change | |||
Incidence | ||||||||||||||
Global | Age-standardised | Rate | 169.6 (160.3 to 179.4) | 150.5 (140.3 to 161.8) | − 11 (− 13 to − 9) | 98.7 (89.9 to 108.4) | 98 (88.1 to 109.7) | − 1 (− 4 to 3) | 56.9 (53.6 to 60.4) | 39.3 (36.2 to 42.9) | − 31 (− 33 to − 29) | 14.1 (12.4 to 16.4) | 13.2 (11.8 to 14.6) | − 7 (− 15 to − 4) |
Female to male ratio | 0.89 | 0.84 | − 6 | 0.90 | 0.83 | − 8 | 0.79 | 0.73 | − 8 | 1.30 | 1.31 | 1 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 6.8 (6.4 to 7.2) | 11.9 (11.1 to 12.8) | 76 (71 to 80) | 3.9 (3.5 to 4.3) | 7.7 (7 to 8.7) | 101 (94 to 108) | 2.3 (2.2 to 2.5) | 3.1 (2.9 to 3.4) | 34 (30 to 39) | 0.6 (0.5 to 0.7) | 1.1 (1 to 1.2) | 73 (55 to 79) | |
Rate | 125.9 (118.9 to 133.6) | 156.2 (145.5 to 167.9) | 24 (21 to 27) | 71.4 (64.6 to 78.9) | 101.3 (91 to 113.6) | 42 (37 to 47) | 43.2 (40.6 to 45.9) | 40.9 (37.6 to 44.7) | − 5 (− 8 to − 2) | 11.4 (10 to 13.4) | 13.9 (12.5 to 15.5) | 22 (10 to 26) | ||
World Bank low income | Age-standardised | Rate | 152.9 (144.6 to 162) | 129.7 (120.7 to 139.8) | − 15 (− 17 to − 13) | 78.1 (70.6 to 86.5) | 75 (66.5 to 85) | − 4 (− 7 to − 1) | 61.2 (56.8 to 65.7) | 41.4 (37.7 to 45.3) | − 32 (− 35 to − 30) | 13.6 (12 to 15.4) | 13.4 (11.8 to 15.1) | − 2 (− 7 to − 0) |
Female to male ratio | 0.97 | 0.95 | − 2 | 1.04 | 0.97 | − 7 | 0.85 | 0.83 | − 1 | 1.18 | 1.20 | 2 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 0.4 (0.4 to 0.4) | 69 (65 to 73) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 92 (86 to 99) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 33 (29 to 38) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0.1) | 98 (83 to 104) | |
Rate | 71.6 (67.6 to 76.1) | 59.7 (55.6 to 64.5) | − 17 (− 19 to − 15) | 34.7 (31.3 to 38.8) | 33 (29.3 to 37.5) | − 5 (− 8 to − 2) | 29.4 (27.3 to 31.5) | 19.4 (17.6 to 21.3) | − 34 (− 36 to − 32) | 7.5 (6.6 to 8.6) | 7.4 (6.5 to 8.3) | − 2 (− 9 to 1) | ||
World Bank lower middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 154.7 (146.1 to 163.7) | 129.3 (120.6 to 139.1) | − 16 (− 18 to − 14) | 87.5 (79.4 to 96.8) | 78.7 (70.3 to 88.8) | − 10 (− 13 to − 7) | 54.8 (51.2 to 58.7) | 39.2 (35.8 to 42.9) | − 28 (− 31 to − 26) | 12.4 (10.9 to 14.5) | 11.4 (10.1 to 12.8) | − 8 (− 15 to − 6) |
Female to male ratio | 0.99 | 0.93 | − 6 | 1.04 | 0.94 | − 10 | 0.86 | 0.85 | − 1 | 1.23 | 1.21 | − 2 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 1.6 (1.5 to 1.7) | 2.9 (2.7 to 3.1) | 77 (73 to 82) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1) | 1.7 (1.5 to 1.9) | 96 (89 to 103) | 0.6 (0.6 to 0.7) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1) | 49 (44 to 54) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.3) | 86 (69 to 91) | |
Rate | 85 (80.2 to 90.4) | 93.2 (86.8 to 100.5) | 10 (7 to 13) | 45.3 (40.7 to 50.4) | 54.8 (48.8 to 62.3) | 21 (17 to 25) | 31.6 (29.5 to 33.8) | 29.2 (26.6 to 32) | − 8 (− 11 to − 5) | 8.1 (7 to 9.6) | 9.3 (8.2 to 10.5) | 15 (4 to 18) | ||
World Bank upper middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 202.7 (191.8 to 214.5) | 190.1 (176.6 to 205) | − 6 (− 9 to − 3) | 114.3 (104.1 to 125.7) | 128.7 (116.1 to 143.5) | 13 (8 to 17) | 75.7 (71.4 to 80.3) | 50 (46 to 54.4) | − 34 (− 36 to − 32) | 12.7 (10.9 to 16.2) | 11.4 (10.2 to 12.7) | − 10 (− 26 to − 6) |
Female to male ratio | 0.88 | 0.78 | − 11 | 0.91 | 0.80 | − 12 | 0.79 | 0.67 | − 15 | 1.23 | 1.25 | 1 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 3 (2.9 to 3.2) | 6.1 (5.6 to 6.6) | 101 (94 to 107) | 1.7 (1.5 to 1.8) | 4.1 (3.7 to 4.6) | 148 (138 to 159) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.2) | 1.6 (1.5 to 1.7) | 38 (33 to 43) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.4) | 74 (42 to 84) | |
Rate | 143.9 (135.8 to 152.5) | 231.5 (214.4 to 249.9) | 61 (55 to 66) | 78.7 (71.3 to 87.1) | 156.6 (141.2 to 175.4) | 99 (91 to 107) | 55 (51.8 to 58.6) | 60.8 (56 to 66.4) | 10 (6 to 15) | 10.1 (8.7 to 13.1) | 14.1 (12.5 to 15.8) | 40 (14 to 47) | ||
World Bank high income | Age-standardised | Rate | 145.2 (136.8 to 153.9) | 114.7 (107.3 to 123) | − 21 (− 23 to − 19) | 92.2 (84.1 to 100.9) | 74.2 (67.5 to 82.8) | − 19 (− 22 to − 16) | 35 (33.1 to 37.2) | 21.6 (19.9 to 23.4) | − 38 (− 41 to − 36) | 18 (16.1 to 20.1) | 18.9 (17.2 to 20.8) | 5 (2 to 8) |
Female to male ratio | 0.82 | 0.85 | 4 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0 | 0.73 | 0.72 | − 1 | 1.36 | 1.44 | 6 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 1.8 (1.7 to 2) | 2.4 (2.3 to 2.6) | 33 (29 to 37) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3) | 1.6 (1.5 to 1.8) | 38 (32 to 43) | 0.4 (0.4 to 0.5) | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.5) | 5 (0 to 10) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.2) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.4) | 61 (56 to 66) | |
Rate | 184.6 (173.3 to 195.9) | 205.7 (191.8 to 220.3) | 11 (9 to 15) | 118.3 (107.6 to 129.9) | 137 (124.1 to 152.3) | 16 (11 to 21) | 44.4 (41.9 to 47.3) | 39.2 (36.1 to 42.6) | − 12 (− 16 to − 8) | 21.8 (19.5 to 24.4) | 29.5 (26.9 to 32.4) | 35 (31 to 39) | ||
Prevalence | ||||||||||||||
Global | Age-standardised | Rate | 1261 (1208.2 to 1318.7) | 1300.6 (1229 to 1374.7) | 3 (1 to 5) | 942.5 (891.1 to 999.6) | 1038 (968.8 to 1114.1) | 10 (7 to 13) | 260.7 (242.3 to 279.9) | 220.2 (199.3 to 241.7) | − 16 (− 19 to − 12) | 121.8 (112.6 to 131.9) | 113.9 (104.2 to 125.2) | − 6 (− 8 to − 5) |
Female to male ratio | 1.02 | 0.96 | −6 | 0.95 | 0.90 | − 5 | 1.07 | 1.00 | − 6 | 1.48 | 1.46 | − 1 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 53.3 (51.1 to 55.7) | 104.2 (98.5 to 110.1) | 95 (91 to 100) | 39 (36.8 to 41.3) | 82.4 (77 to 88.5) | 112 (106 to 117) | 11.9 (11.1 to 12.8) | 17.9 (16.2 to 19.7) | 50 (43 to 58) | 5.4 (5 to 5.9) | 9.3 (8.5 to 10.2) | 72 (68 to 76) | |
Rate | 988 (947.7 to 1032.7) | 1363.5 (1288.6 to 1441.3) | 38 (35 to 41) | 722.3 (682.7 to 765.3) | 1078.7 (1007.4 to 1158.5) | 49 (45 to 53) | 221.2 (205.5 to 237.5) | 234.5 (211.9 to 257.4) | 6 (1 to 11) | 100.5 (93.2 to 109.1) | 122 (111.6 to 134.1) | 21 (19 to 24) | ||
World Bank low income | Age-standardised | Rate | 1026.6 (984.2 to 1074.5) | 996 (949.6 to 1049.3) | − 3 (− 5 to − 1) | 713.4 (672 to 759.5) | 726.4 (682.2 to 777.2) | 2 (0 to 3) | 263.5 (247.6 to 280.1) | 220.5 (198.4 to 244.3) | − 16 (− 22 to − 10) | 104 (97.1 to 111.6) | 102.7 (94.6 to 112.1) | − 1 (− 4 to 2) |
Female to male ratio | 1.13 | 1.08 | − 5 | 1.14 | 1.06 | − 7 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 0 | 1.32 | 1.34 | 2 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 1.7 (1.7 to 1.8) | 3.3 (3.2 to 3.5) | 91 (87 to 95) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3) | 2.4 (2.2 to 2.5) | 100 (97 to 103) | 0.5 (0.5 to 0.6) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1) | 70 (58 to 81) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.2) | 0.4 (0.4 to 0.4) | 99 (94 to 105) | |
Rate | 531 (509.2 to 554.3) | 500.6 (476.1 to 527.5) | − 6 (− 8 to − 4) | 358.8 (337.7 to 382.5) | 354.5 (332.2 to 379.2) | − 1 (− 3 to 0) | 158.7 (149.4 to 168.8) | 133.2 (119.5 to 146.9) | − 16 (− 22 to − 10) | 58.9 (55 to 63.2) | 58 (53.3 to 62.7) | − 2 (− 4 to 1) | ||
World Bank lower middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 1075.4 (1026.1 to 1131.5) | 1076.8 (1020.1 to 1142.5) | 0 (− 1 to 2) | 789.6 (741.2 to 845.9) | 823.1 (767.8 to 887.4) | 4 (3 to 6) | 241.7 (224.3 to 259.8) | 214.4 (192.9 to 236.7) | − 11 (− 16 to − 7) | 103 (94.8 to 111.8) | 97.2 (88.9 to 106.8) | − 6 (−7 to − 4) |
Female to male ratio | 1.11 | 1.01 | − 9 | 1.09 | 0.97 | − 11 | 1.10 | 1.06 | − 3 | 1.37 | 1.34 | − 2 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 12.5 (11.9 to 13.1) | 25.7 (24.3 to 27.2) | 106 (103 to 109) | 8.8 (8.3 to 9.4) | 19 (17.7 to 20.5) | 116 (112 to 119) | 3.3 (3 to 3.5) | 5.7 (5.1 to 6.3) | 75 (66 to 84) | 1.3 (1.2 to 1.5) | 2.6 (2.3 to 2.8) | 91 (87 to 95) | |
Rate | 646.7 (617.9 to 679.8) | 823.3 (780 to 872.6) | 27 (25 to 29) | 457.5 (429.5 to 489) | 610.2 (568.8 to 656.8) | 33 (31 to 36) | 168.7 (157 to 181.5) | 182.5 (164 to 201.2) | 8 (3 to 14) | 69.8 (64.4 to 75.6) | 82.3 (74.8 to 90.5) | 18 (15 to 20) | ||
World Bank upper middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 1397.7 (1334.7 to 1466) | 1553.2 (1459.9 to 1648.5) | 11 (8 to 14) | 1017.6 (956.2 to 1082.3) | 1277.1 (1186.7 to 1375.5) | 25 (22 to 29) | 337.1 (312.8 to 362.4) | 264.6 (239.5 to 290.9) | − 22 (− 25 to − 18) | 107.8 (99.4 to 117.7) | 97.3 (88.9 to 107.3) | − 10 (− 12 to − 8) |
Female to male ratio | 1.04 | 0.94 | − 10 | 1.00 | 0.91 | − 9 | 1.08 | 0.97 | − 10 | 1.38 | 1.35 | − 2 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 23 (22 to 24.1) | 50.7 (47.6 to 53.8) | 121 (114 to 127) | 16.1 (15.2 to 17.2) | 41.2 (38.2 to 44.5) | 155 (147 to 163) | 6.1 (5.7 to 6.6) | 8.7 (7.9 to 9.6) | 43 (36 to 51) | 1.9 (1.7 to 2.1) | 3.2 (2.9 to 3.6) | 71 (67 to 76) | |
Rate | 1087.7 (1041.3 to 1140.7) | 1922.9 (1806.4 to 2042.6) | 77 (72 to 82) | 763.9 (718.4 to 812.8) | 1563.5 (1450.8 to 1688.1) | 105 (98 to 111) | 288.6 (267.9 to 310.9) | 330.5 (298.3 to 364.6) | 15 (9 to 21) | 89.6 (82.6 to 97.8) | 123 (111.8 to 136.1) | 37 (34 to 41) | ||
World Bank high income | Age-standardised | Rate | 1258.4 (1208.4 to 1312.2) | 1163.2 (1108.7 to 1221.2) | − 8 (− 10 to − 5) | 996 (947.2 to 1048.5) | 911.7 (858.3 to 970.4) | − 8 (− 12 to − 5) | 165.3 (152.9 to 178) | 143.5 (130.6 to 156.8) | − 13 (− 17 to − 9) | 164 (152.7 to 176.8) | 171.8 (157.8 to 187.5) | 5 (3 to 7) |
Female to male ratio | 0.91 | 0.94 | 3 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 2 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 2 | 1.62 | 1.69 | 4 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 15.9 (15.2 to 16.5) | 23.9 (22.6 to 25.1) | 51 (46 to 55) | 12.7 (12 to 13.4) | 19.3 (18.1 to 20.5) | 53 (47 to 58) | 2 (1.8 to 2.1) | 2.5 (2.3 to 2.7) | 27 (21 to 32) | 2 (1.8 to 2.1) | 3.1 (2.8 to 3.4) | 57 (54 to 61) | |
Rate | 1584.4 (1520 to 1653.6) | 2006 (1901.4 to 2109.8) | 27 (23 to 30) | 1265.2 (1200.2 to 1336.2) | 1623.1 (1517.4 to 1727.4) | 28 (23 to 33) | 198.3 (183.4 to 213.5) | 211 (192.2 to 230.4) | 6 (2 to 11) | 197 (183.1 to 212.8) | 260.3 (239.2 to 284.8) | 32 (29 to 35) | ||
Deaths | ||||||||||||||
Global | Age-standardised | Rate | 120.8 (118.4 to 125.3) | 80.5 (78.9 to 82.6) | − 33 (− 35 to − 32) | 55.9 (53.9 to 57.9) | 36.6 (35.5 to 38) | − 34 (− 36 to − 32) | 54.3 (51.4 to 58.6) | 38.2 (37 to 39.4) | − 30 (− 33 to − 27) | 10.7 (8.4 to 12.2) | 5.7 (5.3 to 6.3) | − 47 (− 52 to − 34) |
Female to male ratio | 0.86 | 0.75 | − 13 | 0.93 | 0.80 | − 14 | 0.77 | 0.69 | − 10 | 0.98 | 0.85 | − 13 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 4.4 (4.3 to 4.5) | 6.2 (6 to 6.3) | 41 (38 to 45) | 1.9 (1.8 to 1.9) | 2.7 (2.7 to 2.9) | 47 (43 to 52) | 2.1 (2 to 2.2) | 3 (2.9 to 3.1) | 44 (36 to 50) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.5) | 0.4 (0.4 to 0.5) | 4 (− 6 to 29) | |
Rate | 80.9 (79.2 to 83.8) | 80.7 (79.1 to 82.8) | 0 (− 3 to 2) | 34.6 (33.3 to 35.9) | 36 (34.8 to 37.4) | 4 (1 to 7) | 38.3 (36.2 to 41.4) | 38.9 (37.7 to 40.2) | 2 (− 4 to 6) | 8 (6.3 to 9.1) | 5.8 (5.5 to 6.4) | − 27 (− 34 to − 9) | ||
World Bank low income | Age-standardised | Rate | 143.1 (132.1 to 153.9) | 106.7 (98.6 to 114.8) | − 25 (− 30 to − 20) | 55.9 (48.6 to 63.4) | 43.1 (36.3 to 48.9) | − 23 (− 28 to − 17) | 79.5 (70.8 to 88.6) | 58.5 (52.9 to 63.8) | − 26 (− 32 to − 20) | 7.7 (5.4 to 10.9) | 5.1 (3.7 to 7.7) | − 34 (− 42 to − 23) |
Female to male ratio | 1.01 | 0.92 | − 9 | 1.30 | 1.14 | − 13 | 0.88 | 0.81 | − 8 | 0.72 | 0.65 | − 10 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.2) | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.3) | 48 (36 to 61) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 59 (45 to 73) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) | 44 (32 to 58) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 30 (12 to 51) | |
Rate | 54.7 (50.4 to 59.1) | 40 (37.3 to 42.6) | − 27 (− 33 to − 21) | 17.9 (15.5 to 20.5) | 14.1 (12 to 16) | − 21 (− 28 to − 14) | 33 (29 to 37.4) | 23.5 (21.4 to 25.6) | − 29 (− 35 to − 22) | 3.8 (2.7 to 5.1) | 2.4 (1.7 to 3.6) | − 36 (− 44 to − 25) | ||
World Bank lower middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 133.6 (128 to 140.2) | 102.6 (98.8 to 106.6) | − 23 (− 27 to − 20) | 64 (59 to 70.4) | 47.6 (43.7 to 52.7) | − 26 (− 29 to − 21) | 60.7 (53.5 to 66.3) | 48.2 (43.9 to 51.3) | − 21 (− 26 to − 15) | 8.9 (7.4 to 11.3) | 6.8 (6 to 8) | − 24 (− 32 to − 14) |
Female to male ratio | 0.96 | 0.85 | − 12 | 1.11 | 0.91 | − 18 | 0.82 | 0.79 | − 5 | 0.95 | 0.90 | − 5 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.2) | 2 (1.9 to 2) | 70 (62 to 78) | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.5) | 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) | 72 (63 to 82) | 0.6 (0.5 to 0.6) | 1 (0.9 to 1.1) | 71 (60 to 83) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) | 56 (41 to 76) | |
Rate | 60.1 (57.5 to 62.6) | 63.3 (61 to 65.7) | 5 (0 to 10) | 24.7 (22.7 to 27.4) | 26.3 (23.9 to 29.4) | 7 (1 to 13) | 30.3 (26.8 to 32.8) | 32 (29.4 to 34) | 6 (− 1 to 13) | 5.1 (4.2 to 6.4) | 4.9 (4.4 to 5.9) | − 4 (− 13 to 9) | ||
World Bank upper middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 159.7 (155.8 to 168.1) | 101.5 (99.1 to 104.3) | − 36 (− 39 to − 34) | 67.9 (65.4 to 71.9) | 46.7 (45.6 to 47.9) | − 31 (− 35 to − 28) | 75.1 (71.5 to 84.4) | 48.5 (46.9 to 50.2) | − 35 (− 42 to − 32) | 16.7 (10.8 to 19.1) | 6.3 (5.6 to 6.8) | − 62 (− 68 to − 45) |
Female to male ratio | 0.87 | 0.71 | − 19 | 0.96 | 0.76 | − 21 | 0.78 | 0.65 | − 17 | 0.96 | 0.81 | − 15 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 2.1 (2 to 2.2) | 3.1 (3 to 3.1) | 48 (42 to 53) | 0.8 (0.8 to 0.8) | 1.4 (1.3 to 1.4) | 72 (63 to 81) | 1 (1 to 1.1) | 1.5 (1.4 to 1.5) | 46 (32 to 55) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.2) | − 20 (− 32 to 15) | |
Rate | 97.6 (95.3 to 102.5) | 116 (113.2 to 119.2) | 19 (14 to 23) | 37.7 (36.3 to 40.1) | 51.9 (50.6 to 53.2) | 38 (30 to 45) | 48.4 (46.1 to 54.4) | 56.7 (54.9 to 58.8) | 17 (6 to 24) | 11.5 (7.6 to 13.1) | 7.4 (6.5 to 8) | − 36 (− 45 to − 8) | ||
World Bank high income | Age-standardised | Rate | 71 (70.2 to 72) | 31.4 (30.7 to 32.7) | − 56 (− 57 to − 54) | 39.6 (39.2 to 40.2) | 15.9 (15.5 to 16.6) | − 60 (− 61 to − 58) | 25.7 (25.3 to 26.1) | 12.1 (11.8 to 12.5) | − 53 (− 54 to − 51) | 5.7 (5.5 to 5.9) | 3.4 (3.3 to 3.7) | − 39 (− 41 to − 37) |
Female to male ratio | 0.79 | 0.76 | − 4 | 0.79 | 0.78 | − 2 | 0.72 | 0.69 | − 4 | 1.18 | 0.97 | − 17 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 0.9 (0.9 to 1) | 0.8 (0.8 to 0.9) | − 12 (− 14 to − 8) | 0.5 (0.5 to 0.5) | 0.4 (0.4 to 0.5) | − 15 (− 17 to − 11) | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.3) | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.3) | − 11 (− 14 to − 7) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 8 (4 to 12) | |
Rate | 93.8 (92.7 to 95.1) | 69.7 (68.2 to 72.7) | − 26 (− 27 to − 23) | 52.6 (52 to 53.4) | 37.7 (36.8 to 39.5) | − 28 (− 30 to − 25) | 34 (33.5 to 34.6) | 25.5 (24.8 to 26.6) | − 25 (− 27 to − 22) | 7.2 (7 to 7.6) | 6.5 (6.3 to 6.9) | − 9 (− 12 to − 6) | ||
DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) | ||||||||||||||
Global | Age-standardised | Rate | 2392.7 (2316.5 to 2478.9) | 1657.2 (1587.4 to 1723.8) | − 31 (− 33 to − 29) | 948.8 (891.4 to 1008.2) | 702.8 (649.5 to 756.5) | − 26 (− 29 to − 23) | 1158.4 (1095.2 to 1242.3) | 800.3 (773.3 to 826.1) | − 31 (− 34 to − 28) | 285.5 (235.2 to 321.9) | 154.1 (143.7 to 170.1) | − 46 (− 51 to − 35) |
Female to male ratio | 0.84 | 0.73 | − 13 | 0.90 | 0.79 | − 12 | 0.76 | 0.66 | − 13 | 1.00 | 0.89 | −11 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 98.9 (95.6 to 102.5) | 132.1 (126.5 to 137.4) | 34 (29 to 37) | 36.6 (34.3 to 39) | 55.1 (50.9 to 59.4) | 50 (45 to 56) | 49.3 (46.6 to 52.8) | 64.5 (62.3 to 66.6) | 31 (24 to 36) | 12.9 (10.7 to 14.5) | 12.4 (11.6 to 13.7) | − 4 (− 12 to 15) | |
Rate | 1832.8 (1772.6 to 1900.2) | 1728.3 (1655.6 to 1797.7) | − 6 (− 9 to − 3) | 679.3 (635.7 to 723.2) | 721.7 (666.6 to 777.7) | 6 (2 to 10) | 914.1 (863 to 977.8) | 844.3 (815.8 to 871.4) | − 8 (− 12 to − 4) | 239.5 (197.6 to 268.6) | 162.3 (151.3 to 179.1) | − 32 (− 38 to − 19) | ||
World Bank low income | Age-standardised | Rate | 2954.9 (2713.1 to 3182.4) | 2153.7 (2005.6 to 2280) | − 27 (− 33 to − 21) | 975.2 (855.3 to 1104.4) | 761.5 (661.4 to 857.8) | − 22 (− 28 to − 16) | 1758.7 (1554.7 to 1993.4) | 1245.5 (1137.3 to 1354.8) | − 29 (− 35 to − 22) | 221.1 (160.9 to 294.1) | 146.6 (110.1 to 209) | − 34 (− 42 to − 23) |
Female to male ratio | 1.01 | 0.88 | − 12 | 1.36 | 1.14 | − 16 | 0.89 | 0.78 | − 12 | 0.74 | 0.69 | − 7 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 4.9 (4.4 to 5.3) | 6.8 (6.4 to 7.2) | 40 (28 to 54) | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.6) | 2.1 (1.9 to 2.4) | 54 (41 to 67) | 3 (2.6 to 3.5) | 4.1 (3.8 to 4.5) | 36 (23 to 52) | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.6) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.8) | 23 (8 to 46) | |
Rate | 1483.1 (1348.5 to 1622.4) | 1027.2 (962.8 to 1080.8) | − 31 (− 37 to − 24) | 418.1 (365.6 to 476.2) | 318.2 (278 to 359.5) | − 24 (− 30 to − 17) | 918.2 (794.7 to 1059.9) | 619.5 (564.8 to 676.4) | − 33 (− 39 to − 25) | 146.8 (106.8 to 184.6) | 89.5 (67.2 to 123.7) | − 39 (− 47 to − 28) | ||
World Bank lower middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 2635.2 (2526.1 to 2743.2) | 2046.2 (1968.4 to 2122.8) | − 22 (− 26 to − 19) | 1058 (968.4 to 1168.8) | 822.3 (748 to 918.8) | − 22 (− 26 to − 18) | 1322.2 (1180.6 to 1429.9) | 1034 (956.2 to 1095) | − 22 (− 27 to − 17) | 255.1 (213.5 to 311) | 189.9 (169.5 to 223.6) | − 26 (− 32 to − 17) |
Female to male ratio | 0.93 | 0.82 | − 12 | 1.08 | 0.89 | − 18 | 0.82 | 0.75 | − 8 | 1.00 | 0.92 | − 7 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 29.2 (27.8 to 30.4) | 47.1 (45.2 to 48.8) | 61 (52 to 69) | 10.1 (9.2 to 11.3) | 17.3 (15.6 to 19.4) | 70 (62 to 80) | 15.5 (13.9 to 16.7) | 24.9 (23.1 to 26.3) | 61 (49 to 71) | 3.5 (3 to 4.2) | 5 (4.4 to 5.8) | 40 (27 to 57) | |
Rate | 1511.2 (1441.5 to 1575.9) | 1508.1 (1449.4 to 1565) | 0 (− 6 to 5) | 525.6 (478.9 to 584.3) | 553 (499.6 to 621.7) | 5 (− 0 to 11) | 801.7 (718.3 to 865.6) | 796.4 (739.8 to 841.5) | − 1 (− 8 to 6) | 184 (153.6 to 218.6) | 158.7 (141.3 to 186.5) | − 14 (− 21 to − 3) | ||
World Bank upper middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 3061.9 (2961.4 to 3199.4) | 1966.7 (1873.3 to 2062.6) | − 36 (− 38 to − 34) | 1151.4 (1084.9 to 1225.4) | 882.9 (812.8 to 952.1) | − 23 (− 28 to − 19) | 1512.5 (1440.7 to 1686.6) | 932 (899.2 to 967.7) | − 38 (− 44 to − 35) | 398 (279.3 to 449.3) | 151.8 (137.1 to 163.9) | − 62 (− 67 to − 48) |
Female to male ratio | 0.84 | 0.67 | − 20 | 0.90 | 0.74 | − 18 | 0.76 | 0.59 | − 22 | 0.97 | 0.82 | − 16 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 47.4 (45.8 to 49.4) | 63.1 (60.1 to 66.2) | 33 (28 to 38) | 16.4 (15.4 to 17.5) | 27.9 (25.6 to 30.1) | 70 (60 to 78) | 24.2 (23 to 26.9) | 30.4 (29.3 to 31.6) | 26 (15 to 33) | 6.8 (4.9 to 7.6) | 4.9 (4.4 to 5.3) | − 28 (− 37 to − 4) | |
Rate | 2244.3 (2168.7 to 2341.8) | 2396.2 (2281.6 to 2513.2) | 7 (3 to 10) | 778.5 (730.5 to 829.2) | 1057.8 (972.4 to 1141.2) | 36 (28 to 43) | 1145.8 (1090.9 to 1273) | 1153.4 (1112.7 to 1198.1) | 1 (− 8 to 6) | 320 (230.3 to 360.1) | 185 (166.4 to 200.1) | − 42 (− 50 to − 23) | ||
World Bank high income | Age-standardised | Rate | 1302.5 (1244.4 to 1356.5) | 652.2 (600.1 to 703.9) | − 50 (− 52 to − 48) | 638.8 (596.6 to 679.7) | 321.2 (282.1 to 358.9) | − 50 (− 53 to − 47) | 493 (481.6 to 503.7) | 225.9 (218.3 to 234.4) | − 54 (− 55 to − 53) | 170.8 (162.8 to 178.6) | 105.1 (97.3 to 113.4) | − 38 (− 41 to − 35) |
Female to male ratio | 0.76 | 0.77 | 1 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 2 | 0.66 | 0.64 | − 4 | 1.19 | 1.14 | − 4 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 16.9 (16.1 to 17.5) | 14.2 (13.1 to 15.2) | − 16 (− 19 to − 13) | 8.5 (8 to 9.1) | 7.5 (6.7 to 8.4) | − 11 (− 16 to − 7) | 6.3 (6.2 to 6.4) | 4.7 (4.6 to 4.9) | − 25 (− 27 to − 23) | 2 (1.9 to 2.1) | 1.9 (1.8 to 2.1) | − 6 (− 9 to − 1) | |
Rate | 1685.7 (1611.6 to 1753.7) | 1191.5 (1098.4 to 1280.2) | − 29 (− 32 to − 27) | 852.1 (797.6 to 905.1) | 634.3 (562.7 to 702.8) | − 26 (− 30 to − 22) | 630.2 (616.6 to 643.6) | 395.5 (382.9 to 409.7) | − 37 (− 39 to − 35) | 203.4 (193.8 to 212.8) | 161.7 (149.7 to 174.6) | − 21 (− 24 to − 17) |
Modifiable predictors of stroke mortality
All-type stroke | Ischaemic stroke | Intracerebral haemorrhage | Subarachnoid haemorrhage | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | |||||||||
1990 | 2017 | Percent change | 1990 | 2017 | Percent change | 1990 | 2017 | Percent change | 1990 | 2017 | Percent change | |
Deaths per 100,000 people | ||||||||||||
Global | ||||||||||||
All risk factors | 102.7 (97.5 to 108.4) | 67.9 (64.2 to 71.3) | -34 (-36 to -32) | 46.7 (42.4 to 50.9) | 30.2 (27.4 to 33) | -35 (-37 to -33) | 47.2 (43.9 to 51.6) | 33 (30.9 to 35.1) | -30 (-34 to -27) | 8.9 (7 to 10.3) | 4.7 (4.3 to 5.3) | -47 (-52 to -34) |
Air pollution | 14.5 (12 to 17) | 8.6 (7 to 10.3) | -41 (-43 to -38) | 5.6 (4.5 to 6.7) | 3.4 (2.7 to 4.2) | -38 (-41 to -35) | 7.4 (6.1 to 8.8) | 4.5 (3.6 to 5.4) | -39 (-44 to -36) | 1.5 (1.1 to 1.9) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.8) | -56 (-61 to -43) |
Other environmental risks | 6.1 (4 to 8.5) | 4.7 (3.2 to 6.5) | -22 (-27 to -16) | 2 (1.2 to 3.1) | 1.8 (1.1 to 2.6) |
-11 (-19 to 1)
| 3.4 (2.2 to 4.9) | 2.6 (1.7 to 3.7) | -23 (-30 to -16) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1) | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.5) | -53 (-60 to -36) |
Tobacco | 22.5 (21.1 to 24.1) | 13.2 (12.3 to 14.1) | -42 (-44 to -39) | 8.7 (8 to 9.4) | 5.1 (4.7 to 5.5) | -41 (-44 to -39) | 11.4 (10.5 to 12.6) | 7 (6.5 to 7.5) | -38 (-42 to -35) | 2.4 (1.9 to 2.9) | 1 (0.9 to 1.2) | -57 (-62 to -46) |
Alcohol use | 8.2 (5.2 to 11.2) | 7.1 (5.1 to 9.1) |
-13 (-29 to 12)
|
0.9 (-0.8 to 2.9)
| 1.3 (0.3 to 2.3) |
34 (-1079 to 841)
| 7.2 (5 to 9.4) | 5.8 (4.2 to 7.4) | -20 (-31 to -3) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High fasting plasma glucose | 22 (13.9 to 36.2) | 16.5 (10.9 to 25.6) | -25 (-30 to -20) | 11.1 (5.3 to 24.1) | 7.9 (3.9 to 16.5) | -29 (-34 to -23) | 9.3 (5.7 to 14.5) | 7.5 (4.6 to 11.4) | -19 (-25 to -14) | 1.6 (1 to 2.5) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) | -31 (-38 to -16) |
High systolic blood pressure | 64.4 (54.2 to 73.8) | 43.4 (36.6 to 49.9) | -33 (-35 to -31) | 28 (21.6 to 34.6) | 18.1 (13.9 to 22.3) | -36 (-38 to -33) | 30.5 (24.1 to 37) | 22.1 (17.5 to 26.4) | -28 (-32 to -24) | 5.9 (4.4 to 7.2) | 3.3 (2.6 to 3.9) | -44 (-50 to -32) |
High body-mass index | 13.7 (7 to 21.8) | 13.2 (8 to 18.9) |
-4 (-15 to 16)
| 4.7 (2.3 to 7.8) | 4.1 (2.3 to 6.3) | -13 (-21 to -1) | 7.3 (3.7 to 12.1) | 7.6 (4.7 to 11.2) |
5 (-10 to 28)
| 1.7 (0.9 to 2.7) | 1.5 (1 to 2) |
-12 (-29 to 14)
|
Dietary risks | 58.7 (52.4 to 65) | 37.1 (32.8 to 41.3) | -37 (-39 to -35) | 22.7 (18.8 to 26.5) | 14.4 (12 to 16.8) | -36 (-39 to -33) | 29.8 (25.1 to 34.8) | 19.7 (16.7 to 22.5) | -34 (-38 to -30) | 6.2 (4.6 to 7.4) | 3 (2.4 to 3.5) | -52 (-58 to -39) |
Low physical activity | 6.3 (2.2 to 11.6) | 4 (1.4 to 7.3) | -37 (-40 to -34) | 6.3 (2.2 to 11.6) | 4 (1.4 to 7.3) | -37 (-40 to -34) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
Impaired kidney function | 9.2 (6.9 to 11.8) | 6 (4.6 to 7.6) | -35 (-38 to -31) | 4.7 (3.3 to 6.3) | 2.9 (2.1 to 3.8) | -38 (-41 to -34) | 4.5 (3.5 to 5.5) | 3.1 (2.5 to 3.7) | -31 (-35 to -27) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High LDL cholesterol | 11.4 (4 to 23.6) | 7 (2.6 to 14.5) | -38 (-41 to -34) | 11.4 (4 to 23.6) | 7 (2.6 to 14.5) | -38 (-41 to -34) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
World Bank Low Income | ||||||||||||
All risk factors | 120.6 (109.6 to 131.4) | 90.9 (82.8 to 98.3) | -25 (-30 to -19) | 45.7 (38.4 to 53.6) | 35.7 (29.3 to 41.6) | -22 (-28 to -16) | 68.6 (60.3 to 77.1) | 50.9 (45.6 to 56.6) | -26 (-31 to -19) | 6.3 (4.5 to 9) | 4.3 (3.1 to 6.5) | -32 (-41 to -20) |
Air pollution | 24.2 (20.6 to 28.1) | 16.2 (13.5 to 19.2) | -33 (-38 to -27) | 8.7 (7 to 10.5) | 5.9 (4.7 to 7.3) | -31 (-37 to -25) | 14.2 (11.7 to 16.8) | 9.4 (7.8 to 11.2) | -33 (-39 to -27) | 1.4 (0.9 to 2) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3) | -39 (-47 to -29) |
Other environmental risks | 9.4 (6.2 to 12.9) | 7.1 (4.7 to 9.8) | -25 (-31 to -17) | 3.1 (1.9 to 4.5) | 2.6 (1.6 to 3.8) | -16 (-23 to -7) | 5.7 (3.6 to 8.2) | 4.1 (2.6 to 5.8) | -28 (-35 to -20) | 0.6 (0.3 to 0.9) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.6) | -34 (-43 to -22) |
Tobacco | 15.4 (13.5 to 17.3) | 10.7 (9.5 to 11.9) | -30 (-36 to -24) | 4.8 (4.1 to 5.8) | 3.5 (2.9 to 4.2) | -27 (-34 to -20) | 9.5 (8.2 to 10.9) | 6.5 (5.7 to 7.3) | -31 (-37 to -24) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.1) | -38 (-48 to -25) |
Alcohol use | 7.1 (3.9 to 10.7) | 4.1 (1.6 to 7) | -42 (-63 to -27) | 0 (-1.1 to 1.1) |
-0.4 (-1.4 to 0.5)
|
4097 (-1508 to 1024)
| 7.1 (4.3 to 10.2) | 4.5 (2.2 to 6.9) | -36 (-51 to -24) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High fasting plasma glucose | 32.6 (20.8 to 50.7) | 27.1 (17.1 to 41.8) | -17 (-24 to -9) | 13.3 (6 to 28.8) | 11.4 (5.2 to 25) | -14 (-22 to -5) | 17.9 (9.9 to 28.9) | 14.5 (8.3 to 22.9) | -19 (-27 to -10) | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.7) | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.1) | -22 (-33 to -8) |
High systolic blood pressure | 73.5 (60.6 to 86) | 59.1 (49.2 to 68.1) | -20 (-25 to -14) | 26.2 (19.7 to 33.7) | 21.5 (16.1 to 27.5) | -18 (-24 to -11) | 43.3 (33.5 to 53.2) | 34.6 (27.4 to 41.3) | -20 (-26 to -13) | 4.1 (2.8 to 6) | 3 (2 to 4.6) | -28 (-37 to -16) |
High body-mass index | 11 (4.2 to 20.8) | 12.9 (6.9 to 20.1) |
17 (-5 to 67)
| 2.7 (1 to 5.2) | 3.3 (1.7 to 5.5) | 24 (0 to 76) | 7.5 (2.9 to 14.2) | 8.7 (4.6 to 13.8) |
16 (-6 to 65)
| 0.9 (0.3 to 1.7) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.6) |
6 (-17 to 59)
|
Dietary risks | 69 (59.2 to 79.2) | 49.2 (42.2 to 56.6) | -29 (-34 to -23) | 22.9 (17.7 to 28.3) | 17.2 (13.2 to 21.3) | -25 (-31 to -19) | 41.9 (33.8 to 50.7) | 29.4 (23.9 to 35.4) | -30 (-36 to -24) | 4.2 (3 to 6.1) | 2.7 (1.9 to 4) | -36 (-45 to -26) |
Low physical activity | 5.5 (1.8 to 10.5) | 4.2 (1.5 to 8.1) | -22 (-29 to -16) | 5.5 (1.8 to 10.5) | 4.2 (1.5 to 8.1) | -22 (-29 to -16) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
Impaired kidney function | 12.5 (9.4 to 15.6) | 9.3 (7 to 11.8) | -26 (-32 to -20) | 5.2 (3.6 to 7) | 4 (2.7 to 5.4) | -24 (-31 to -18) | 7.3 (5.6 to 9.1) | 5.3 (4.2 to 6.6) | -27 (-33 to -20) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High LDL cholesterol | 8.4 (3.3 to 18.5) | 7 (2.7 to 15.2) | -16 (-23 to -9) | 8.4 (3.3 to 18.5) | 7 (2.7 to 15.2) | -16 (-23 to -9) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
World Bank Lower Middle Income | ||||||||||||
All risk factors | 113.6 (106.8 to 121.1) | 87.7 (82.5 to 92.7) | -23 (-26 to -20) | 53.2 (46.9 to 60.3) | 39.7 (35 to 44.9) | -25 (-29 to -21) | 52.9 (46.7 to 58.7) | 42.2 (38.3 to 45.7) | -20 (-25 to -15) | 7.5 (6.2 to 9.7) | 5.8 (5 to 6.9) | -23 (-32 to -13) |
Air pollution | 19.1 (16.1 to 22.2) | 12.3 (10.1 to 14.7) | -36 (-40 to -31) | 8 (6.4 to 9.6) | 5.1 (4 to 6.3) | -36 (-41 to -31) | 9.7 (7.8 to 11.4) | 6.3 (5.1 to 7.5) | -35 (-40 to -30) | 1.5 (1.1 to 2) | 1 (0.7 to 1.2) | -36 (-43 to -27) |
Other environmental risks | 7.7 (5.1 to 10.5) | 6.7 (4.5 to 9.1) | -13 (-18 to -6) | 2.8 (1.7 to 4.2) | 2.7 (1.7 to 4) |
-3 (-12 to 8)
| 4.2 (2.7 to 6) | 3.5 (2.3 to 4.9) | -17 (-24 to -10) | 0.6 (0.4 to 1) | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.7) | -23 (-34 to -7) |
Tobacco | 20.5 (18.7 to 22.5) | 13.8 (12.6 to 15.1) | -33 (-38 to -28) | 8.2 (7.2 to 9.4) | 5.3 (4.7 to 6.1) | -35 (-40 to -30) | 10.7 (9.3 to 12.1) | 7.4 (6.6 to 8.2) | -31 (-37 to -25) | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.3) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) | -34 (-44 to -19) |
Alcohol use | 4.9 (2.6 to 7.3) | 6.6 (4.9 to 8.5) | 34 (2 to 101) | 0.6 (-0.7 to 1.9) | 1.5 (0.7 to 2.3) |
159 (-2053 to 2162)
| 4.4 (2.9 to 5.9) | 5.1 (3.7 to 6.7) |
17 (-4 to 52)
| 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High fasting plasma glucose | 27.1 (16.8 to 45.8) | 25.9 (16.9 to 40.7) |
-4 (-13 to 5)
| 13.6 (6.2 to 30.9) | 12.3 (5.8 to 25.9) |
-9 (-18 to 2)
| 11.9 (6.8 to 19.2) | 12 (7.2 to 18.3) |
1 (-8 to 11)
| 1.6 (1 to 2.6) | 1.6 (1 to 2.4) |
-1 (-15 to 14)
|
High systolic blood pressure | 71.4 (60.7 to 81.9) | 57 (48.7 to 65.4) | -20 (-24 to -17) | 31.6 (24.4 to 40) | 24.1 (18.7 to 30.7) | -24 (-28 to -19) | 34.8 (27 to 42.2) | 28.9 (23 to 34.6) | -17 (-23 to -11) | 5.1 (3.9 to 6.7) | 4.1 (3.2 to 5.1) | -20 (-28 to -10) |
High body-mass index | 11.1 (5.5 to 18.4) | 14.7 (9 to 21) | 33 (10 to 69) | 3.9 (1.9 to 6.6) | 4.3 (2.5 to 6.6) |
11 (-3 to 34)
| 6.1 (2.9 to 10.5) | 8.8 (5.3 to 12.7) | 45 (17 to 92) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.6 (1 to 2.3) | 44 (15 to 95) |
Dietary risks | 63.7 (56.1 to 71.8) | 44.5 (38.7 to 50.2) | -30 (-34 to -27) | 26.2 (20.7 to 31.4) | 17.5 (14.1 to 21.1) | -33 (-37 to -29) | 32.5 (26.5 to 38.5) | 23.4 (19.2 to 27.7) | -28 (-33 to -23) | 5 (3.9 to 6.6) | 3.5 (2.8 to 4.4) | -30 (-37 to -21) |
Low physical activity | 6.7 (2.2 to 12.6) | 4.9 (1.7 to 9.1) | -27 (-31 to -23) | 6.7 (2.2 to 12.6) | 4.9 (1.7 to 9.1) | -27 (-31 to -23) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
Impaired kidney function | 11.3 (8.6 to 14.3) | 8.9 (6.8 to 11.2) | -22 (-26 to -17) | 5.8 (4.1 to 7.7) | 4.3 (3 to 5.7) | -25 (-30 to -20) | 5.6 (4.4 to 6.9) | 4.6 (3.7 to 5.6) | -17 (-23 to -12) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High LDL cholesterol | 11.1 (4 to 24.6) | 8.2 (3.1 to 17.8) | -26 (-30 to -21) | 11.1 (4 to 24.6) | 8.2 (3.1 to 17.8) | -26 (-30 to -21) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
World Bank Upper Middle Income | ||||||||||||
All risk factors | 133.9 (126.4 to 142.4) | 84.8 (79.9 to 89.6) | -37 (-39 to -34) | 56.1 (51.3 to 61.7) | 38.3 (35.1 to 41.7) | -32 (-35 to -28) | 64 (59 to 72.4) | 41.3 (38.4 to 44.2) | -35 (-42 to -31) | 13.7 (8.8 to 16) | 5.2 (4.5 to 5.8) | -62 (-68 to -45) |
Air pollution | 19.3 (15.9 to 23) | 10.2 (8 to 12.3) | -47 (-51 to -44) | 6.9 (5.5 to 8.4) | 4.2 (3.3 to 5.2) | -39 (-44 to -34) | 10 (8.2 to 12.2) | 5.3 (4.2 to 6.3) | -47 (-53 to -43) | 2.4 (1.5 to 3) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.8) | -72 (-77 to -58) |
Other environmental risks | 8.7 (5.7 to 12) | 6.3 (4.2 to 8.7) | -27 (-33 to -20) | 2.5 (1.5 to 3.8) | 2.4 (1.5 to 3.5) |
-6 (-18 to 9)
| 4.9 (3.1 to 7.1) | 3.5 (2.3 to 5.1) | -28 (-38 to -19) | 1.2 (0.6 to 1.8) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.6) | -68 (-75 to -48) |
Tobacco | 30.8 (28.5 to 33.5) | 18.9 (17.6 to 20.3) | -39 (-43 to -35) | 10.9 (10 to 12.1) | 7.5 (7 to 8.1) | -31 (-36 to -25) | 16.3 (14.7 to 18.5) | 10.1 (9.4 to 10.8) | -38 (-44 to -33) | 3.6 (2.4 to 4.4) | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.5) | -65 (-72 to -49) |
Alcohol use | 10.7 (6.7 to 14.8) | 11.1 (7.5 to 14.5) |
4 (-20 to 46)
|
0.9 (-1 to 2.9)
| 2.4 (0.9 to 4) |
175 (-2437 to 2863)
| 9.8 (6.7 to 13) | 8.6 (6.1 to 11.3) |
-12 (-30 to 18)
| 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High fasting plasma glucose | 24.3 (15.7 to 38.7) | 16.2 (10.5 to 25.2) | -34 (-38 to -29) | 11.6 (5.7 to 24.3) | 8 (4.1 to 16.1) | -31 (-36 to -25) | 10.6 (6.6 to 16.3) | 7.2 (4.5 to 10.9) | -32 (-38 to -26) | 2.2 (1.2 to 3.4) | 1 (0.6 to 1.5) | -54 (-61 to -36) |
High systolic blood pressure | 81.5 (67.6 to 94.8) | 53.9 (45 to 62.4) | -34 (-37 to -31) | 32.8 (25.2 to 40.8) | 22.9 (17.7 to 28.4) | -30 (-34 to -27) | 40 (30.8 to 49.4) | 27.4 (21.3 to 33.3) | -32 (-38 to -27) | 8.7 (5.5 to 11.1) | 3.6 (2.8 to 4.3) | -59 (-65 to -40) |
High body-mass index | 17.7 (8.7 to 29.1) | 16.1 (9.4 to 23.7) |
-9 (-21 to 11)
| 6 (2.9 to 9.9) | 5.4 (2.9 to 8.4) |
-11 (-19 to 1)
| 9.5 (4.5 to 16) | 9.2 (5.4 to 13.9) |
-3 (-18 to 20)
| 2.2 (1 to 3.8) | 1.6 (1 to 2.2) |
-27 (-46 to 6)
|
Dietary risks | 84 (74.4 to 93.5) | 48.9 (42.9 to 54.6) | -42 (-45 to -39) | 30.2 (25.2 to 35.3) | 19.5 (16.3 to 22.5) | -36 (-40 to -31) | 43.6 (36.9 to 51.3) | 26.1 (22.2 to 30) | -40 (-47 to -36) | 10.2 (6.3 to 12.3) | 3.3 (2.8 to 3.9) | -67 (-72 to -51) |
Low physical activity | 7.7 (2.6 to 14.3) | 5.1 (1.8 to 9.4) | -34 (-37 to -30) | 7.7 (2.6 to 14.3) | 5.1 (1.8 to 9.4) | -34 (-37 to -30) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
Impaired kidney function | 11.4 (8.5 to 14.6) | 6.8 (5.1 to 8.6) | -40 (-45 to -37) | 5.6 (3.9 to 7.4) | 3.4 (2.4 to 4.5) | -40 (-43 to -36) | 5.7 (4.5 to 7.2) | 3.4 (2.7 to 4.2) | -41 (-47 to -37) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High LDL cholesterol | 13.7 (5 to 28.3) | 9.2 (3.3 to 18.8) | -33 (-37 to -30) | 13.7 (5 to 28.3) | 9.2 (3.3 to 18.8) | -33 (-37 to -30) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
World Bank High Income | ||||||||||||
All risk factors | 60.9 (57.2 to 64.2) | 25.5 (23.6 to 27.5) | -58 (-59 to -56) | 33.2 (30.1 to 36.4) | 12.5 (11 to 14.2) | -62 (-64 to -60) | 22.7 (21.4 to 23.9) | 10.2 (9.4 to 10.9) | -55 (-57 to -53) | 4.9 (4.6 to 5.2) | 2.8 (2.6 to 3.1) | -42 (-45 to -39) |
Air pollution | 5 (3.8 to 6.3) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.4) | -62 (-65 to -60) | 2.5 (1.9 to 3.3) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.1) | -66 (-68 to -64) | 2 (1.5 to 2.5) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1) | -61 (-64 to -58) | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.6) | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.3) | -49 (-53 to -46) |
Other environmental risks | 1.9 (0.9 to 3.1) | 0.8 (0.3 to 1.3) | -60 (-64 to -57) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.6) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.6) | -62 (-66 to -60) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.4) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.6) | -59 (-65 to -55) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3) | 0.1 (0 to 0.1) | -53 (-61 to -46) |
Tobacco | 15.1 (14.2 to 16) | 4.2 (3.9 to 4.5) | -72 (-74 to -71) | 6.9 (6.4 to 7.3) | 1.6 (1.5 to 1.8) | -76 (-77 to -75) | 6.5 (6.1 to 6.9) | 1.9 (1.7 to 2) | -71 (-73 to -69) | 1.8 (1.7 to 1.9) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.7) | -63 (-65 to -60) |
Alcohol use | 7.1 (4.1 to 10.1) | 2.1 (0.8 to 3.4) | -71 (-83 to -62) | 1.2 (-1 to 3.4) | -0.1 (-0.9 to 0.8) |
-107 (-474 to 322)
| 5.9 (4 to 7.6) | 2.1 (1.3 to 3) | -63 (-71 to -58) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High fasting plasma glucose | 15.1 (9 to 26.7) | 7.8 (4.8 to 13.4) | -48 (-53 to -42) | 8.9 (4 to 20.2) | 4.1 (1.9 to 9.6) | -54 (-57 to -49) | 5.2 (3.1 to 8.7) | 3 (1.8 to 5) | -43 (-48 to -38) | 1 (0.6 to 1.4) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.1) | -23 (-30 to -15) |
High systolic blood pressure | 40.1 (33.7 to 46.4) | 15.4 (12.6 to 18.2) | -62 (-64 to -60) | 20.8 (15.8 to 26.3) | 7.1 (5.2 to 9.2) | -66 (-68 to -64) | 15.8 (12.5 to 18.8) | 6.4 (4.9 to 8) | -59 (-62 to -57) | 3.5 (3 to 4.1) | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.2) | -47 (-51 to -44) |
High body-mass index | 10.9 (6.3 to 16.2) | 6.1 (4 to 8.4) | -44 (-50 to -35) | 3.9 (2 to 6.3) | 1.9 (1.1 to 3) | -52 (-56 to -44) | 5.3 (3.1 to 7.9) | 3.1 (2 to 4.3) | -43 (-49 to -32) | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.3) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) | -31 (-37 to -21) |
Dietary risks | 26.7 (23.6 to 30) | 11.4 (9.9 to 12.9) | -57 (-59 to -55) | 12.9 (10.6 to 15.1) | 4.9 (4 to 5.8) | -62 (-64 to -60) | 11 (9.2 to 12.8) | 4.9 (4.1 to 5.8) | -55 (-57 to -53) | 2.8 (2.4 to 3.3) | 1.6 (1.3 to 1.9) | -43 (-45 to -40) |
Low physical activity | 4.9 (1.6 to 9) | 2 (0.6 to 3.6) | -60 (-61 to -58) | 4.9 (1.6 to 9) | 2 (0.6 to 3.6) | -60 (-61 to -58) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
Impaired kidney function | 5.2 (3.6 to 7) | 2.2 (1.5 to 3) | -58 (-62 to -55) | 3.2 (2 to 4.4) | 1.3 (0.8 to 1.8) | -61 (-65 to -57) | 2.1 (1.5 to 2.6) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) | -54 (-57 to -51) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High LDL cholesterol | 9.1 (2.8 to 19.3) | 3.3 (1 to 7.3) | -64 (-66 to -62) | 9.1 (2.8 to 19.3) | 3.3 (1 to 7.3) | -64 (-66 to -62) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
DALYs (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) per 100,000 people | ||||||||||||
Global | ||||||||||||
All risk factors | 2073.7 (1981.4 to 2169.1) | 1449.6 (1378.6 to 1519.4) | -30 (-32 to -28) | 819.9 (752.5 to 886) | 605.6 (549.2 to 662.8) | -26 (-29 to -23) | 1021.9 (960 to 1102.1) | 714.4 (680.8 to 747.7) | -30 (-34 to -27) | 231.9 (190 to 264.7) | 129.6 (119.5 to 143.3) | -44 (-49 to -33) |
Air pollution | 333.9 (278.5 to 390.6) | 201.9 (164.1 to 240.1) | -40 (-43 to -37) | 108.9 (87.8 to 129.6) | 72.2 (57.4 to 87.3) | -34 (-37 to -30) | 181.9 (148.8 to 213.4) | 109.7 (89.3 to 130.8) | -40 (-44 to -36) | 43.1 (33 to 53.1) | 19.9 (15.6 to 24.6) | -54 (-59 to -43) |
Other environmental risks | 142.6 (94.4 to 196.2) | 101.2 (66.7 to 139.1) | -29 (-33 to -25) | 42.2 (26 to 61) | 37.8 (23.9 to 53.1) | -11 (-17 to -2) | 81.3 (52.8 to 114.4) | 54.9 (35.2 to 77.1) | -32 (-38 to -27) | 19.1 (11.1 to 28.2) | 8.5 (5 to 12.7) | -56 (-63 to -43) |
Tobacco | 559.4 (520.2 to 599.6) | 340.5 (315.7 to 367.2) | -39 (-42 to -37) | 196.7 (180.3 to 214) | 128.7 (116.7 to 142.1) | -35 (-38 to -31) | 291.2 (265.5 to 318.5) | 179.1 (166.4 to 192.1) | -38 (-42 to -35) | 71.6 (57.7 to 84) | 32.6 (29 to 36.9) | -54 (-59 to -46) |
Alcohol use | 194.3 (137.3 to 252.6) | 172.6 (130.4 to 214.4) |
-11 (-24 to 7)
|
27.3 (-1.4 to 58.9)
| 35.1 (14.2 to 56.2) |
29 (-271 to 440)
| 167 (120.6 to 211.5) | 137.5 (103.1 to 171.5) | -18 (-28 to -2) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High fasting plasma glucose | 405.5 (280.5 to 582.8) | 334.9 (235.8 to 464.6) | -17 (-23 to -12) | 180.8 (95.3 to 331) | 150 (82.1 to 259.6) | -17 (-24 to -9) | 186.6 (119.8 to 268.8) | 156.9 (101.4 to 221.3) | -16 (-22 to -10) | 38.1 (24.3 to 56.1) | 28 (18.1 to 39.7) | -27 (-34 to -12) |
High systolic blood pressure | 1299.6 (1110.9 to 1465) | 936.7 (805.3 to 1053) | -28 (-30 to -26) | 497.6 (399.2 to 591.1) | 370.8 (295.5 to 439.7) | -25 (-29 to -22) | 653 (538.5 to 764.1) | 478.4 (400.6 to 550.2) | -27 (-31 to -23) | 149 (116.2 to 178.9) | 87.4 (72.5 to 104.2) | -41 (-46 to -30) |
High body-mass index | 388.4 (209.5 to 604.8) | 406.8 (262.6 to 557.3) |
5 (-10 to 27)
| 119.1 (64.4 to 186.6) | 124.3 (75.8 to 179.9) |
4 (-6 to 21)
| 211.1 (110.4 to 337.6) | 228.8 (146.2 to 315.5) |
8 (-8 to 35)
| 58.2 (31.8 to 91.6) | 53.8 (36.6 to 71.8) |
-8 (-25 to 19)
|
Dietary risks | 1367.2 (1228.9 to 1512) | 908 (809.5 to 1004.7) | -34 (-36 to -31) | 478.7 (407.9 to 550.4) | 348 (293.5 to 401.4) | -27 (-31 to -23) | 714.7 (614.2 to 822.3) | 471.4 (406.3 to 534.8) | -34 (-38 to -31) | 173.8 (136.7 to 205.7) | 88.6 (75.1 to 103.3) | -49 (-54 to -38) |
Low physical activity | 98.9 (34.3 to 186.3) | 70.1 (23.9 to 131.6) | -29 (-32 to -25) | 98.9 (34.3 to 186.3) | 70.1 (23.9 to 131.6) | -29 (-32 to -25) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
Impaired kidney function | 177.7 (145.4 to 212.9) | 126.9 (104.7 to 152.2) | -29 (-32 to -25) | 81.6 (63.9 to 100.1) | 58.8 (47.1 to 72.3) | -28 (-32 to -23) | 96.2 (79.4 to 115.1) | 68 (56 to 80.5) | -29 (-33 to -26) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High LDL cholesterol | 219.3 (122.7 to 370.8) | 159.1 (93 to 269.2) | -27 (-31 to -23) | 219.3 (122.7 to 370.8) | 159.1 (93 to 269.2) | -27 (-31 to -23) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
World Bank Low Income | ||||||||||||
All risk factors | 2555.9 (2337.6 to 2776.2) | 1895.1 (1762.6 to 2011.5) | -26 (-31 to -19) | 830.2 (714.9 to 954.2) | 657.3 (559.3 to 749.3) | -21 (-27 to -15) | 1549.7 (1363.8 to 1747.1) | 1114.9 (1013.2 to 1219.3) | -28 (-34 to -21) | 176.1 (128 to 239.5) | 122.8 (90.4 to 177.1) | -30 (-39 to -19) |
Air pollution | 563.4 (469.4 to 659.7) | 372.2 (310 to 434.3) | -34 (-40 to -27) | 168.5 (136.2 to 205.5) | 117 (93.5 to 142.3) | -31 (-37 to -24) | 352.7 (286.6 to 426.1) | 229 (187.9 to 271.2) | -35 (-41 to -28) | 42.1 (29 to 59.8) | 26.2 (18.4 to 38.9) | -38 (-46 to -27) |
Other environmental risks | 208.5 (136.5 to 286.1) | 146.3 (96.7 to 200.1) | -30 (-36 to -21) | 59.8 (37.4 to 84) | 49.2 (30.9 to 68.4) | -18 (-24 to -9) | 132.4 (83.3 to 188.2) | 87 (54.4 to 123.2) | -34 (-41 to -26) | 16.3 (9.1 to 26.2) | 10.2 (5.7 to 16.4) | -38 (-46 to -24) |
Tobacco | 388.6 (341.7 to 437.8) | 272.2 (239.1 to 303.4) | -30 (-36 to -23) | 106.3 (89.5 to 126.1) | 80.9 (67.8 to 95.5) | -24 (-31 to -16) | 248.5 (212 to 287.9) | 169.9 (147.3 to 192.5) | -32 (-38 to -23) | 33.8 (22.9 to 47.8) | 21.3 (14.8 to 31.3) | -37 (-47 to -24) |
Alcohol use | 186.1 (115.8 to 265.4) | 115.7 (57.2 to 179) | -38 (-55 to -23) |
5.9 (-13.6 to 27.1)
|
-1.5 (-18.9 to 16.1)
|
-126 (-908 to 762)
| 180.1 (116 to 251.7) | 117.3 (62.8 to 170) | -35 (-50 to -23) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High fasting plasma glucose | 630.5 (421.6 to 897.9) | 526.7 (353.2 to 740.8) | -16 (-24 to -7) | 226.5 (112.9 to 436.8) | 200.7 (101.7 to 387.3) | -11 (-19 to -1) | 366.8 (215.6 to 562.8) | 296 (177.1 to 448.4) | -19 (-27 to -9) | 37.2 (20.2 to 61.9) | 30.1 (16.3 to 50.5) | -19 (-31 to -5) |
High systolic blood pressure | 1584.9 (1342.7 to 1820.3) | 1256.9 (1071.6 to 1414.2) | -21 (-26 to -14) | 488.2 (379 to 600.5) | 408.3 (314.7 to 497) | -16 (-22 to -10) | 983.7 (786 to 1189.8) | 764.5 (631.5 to 892) | -22 (-29 to -15) | 113 (79 to 160.9) | 84 (59.9 to 123.7) | -26 (-35 to -14) |
High body-mass index | 329.1 (132.4 to 601.6) | 387.5 (215.5 to 584.6) |
18 (-6 to 70)
| 71.1 (27.6 to 133.9) | 91.9 (49.3 to 145.4) | 29 (4 to 86) | 226.4 (89.9 to 413.6) | 260.6 (144.3 to 399.4) |
15 (-8 to 67)
| 31.6 (12.1 to 61.8) | 35 (18 to 59.2) |
11 (-14 to 70)
|
Dietary risks | 1656.9 (1431.3 to 1901.9) | 1163.4 (1004.4 to 1332) | -30 (-35 to -23) | 488.3 (383.3 to 591) | 372.4 (293.2 to 449.3) | -24 (-30 to -17) | 1040.5 (839.2 to 1254.7) | 707.1 (575 to 844.1) | -32 (-38 to -25) | 128.1 (92.7 to 176.8) | 83.8 (59.4 to 119.9) | -35 (-43 to -24) |
Low physical activity | 90.6 (30.2 to 175.3) | 70.7 (24 to 135) | -22 (-28 to -15) | 90.6 (30.2 to 175.3) | 70.7 (24 to 135) | -22 (-28 to -15) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
Impaired kidney function | 248.5 (198 to 305.1) | 182.6 (147.6 to 220.4) | -26 (-32 to -20) | 92 (68.4 to 117.1) | 71 (53.4 to 90.6) | -23 (-29 to -16) | 156.5 (123.8 to 193.2) | 111.6 (90.2 to 135.1) | -29 (-35 to -21) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High LDL cholesterol | 173.8 (98.6 to 306.6) | 147.7 (84.5 to 258.2) | -15 (-22 to -7) | 173.8 (98.6 to 306.6) | 147.7 (84.5 to 258.2) | -15 (-22 to -7) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
World Bank Lower Middle Income | ||||||||||||
All risk factors | 2293.9 (2176.6 to 2406.5) | 1809.2 (1721.2 to 1895) | -21 (-25 to -18) | 912.3 (817 to 1020.2) | 714.5 (638.7 to 801.4) | -22 (-26 to -17) | 1174.1 (1047.7 to 1278.9) | 931.5 (860.5 to 993.2) | -21 (-26 to -16) | 207.4 (173.1 to 259.1) | 163.2 (144 to 192.6) | -21 (-29 to -12) |
Air pollution | 431.7 (363.7 to 502) | 282.1 (230.7 to 332.5) | -35 (-39 to -30) | 149.3 (120.2 to 180) | 98.6 (76.9 to 121.9) | -34 (-39 to -29) | 237.4 (193.1 to 279.5) | 154.2 (123.9 to 185.2) | -35 (-40 to -30) | 45 (34.2 to 59.5) | 29.3 (22.4 to 37.3) | -35 (-42 to -27) |
Other environmental risks | 174.8 (117.5 to 236.9) | 138.6 (93.1 to 188.3) | -21 (-26 to -16) | 55.7 (35.2 to 78.5) | 50.7 (32.6 to 70.8) | -9 (-16 to -1) | 100.9 (65.2 to 140.2) | 75.2 (48.2 to 106.1) | -25 (-31 to -19) | 18.3 (11 to 28.3) | 12.7 (7.6 to 18.9) | -30 (-39 to -18) |
Tobacco | 499.4 (454.4 to 546.4) | 346.6 (314.5 to 379.9) | -31 (-36 to -26) | 173.5 (153.2 to 197.9) | 120 (106.1 to 137.4) | -31 (-36 to -26) | 275.8 (240.4 to 309.9) | 192.7 (172.5 to 213.7) | -30 (-36 to -24) | 50.1 (37.8 to 68.1) | 33.9 (28.4 to 42.2) | -32 (-42 to -18) |
Alcohol use | 129.9 (84.1 to 177.3) | 158 (120.2 to 200.3) | 22 (0 to 62) | 17.7 (-3.5 to 39.9) | 31.9 (15.7 to 48.9) |
80 (-662 to 998)
| 112.2 (76.6 to 150.1) | 126.1 (92.2 to 162.1) |
12 (-6 to 42)
| 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High fasting plasma glucose | 495.6 (336.7 to 727.4) | 502.8 (350.6 to 701.9) |
1 (-7 to 11)
| 216.2 (108.9 to 403.7) | 212.3 (113 to 379) |
-2 (-12 to 10)
| 240.2 (149.7 to 359.9) | 249.8 (160 to 360.9) |
4 (-6 to 15)
| 39.1 (23.8 to 63.3) | 40.6 (25.3 to 61.1) |
4 (-9 to 19)
|
High systolic blood pressure | 1466.2 (1250.8 to 1653.1) | 1199.5 (1035 to 1343.5) | -18 (-22 to -14) | 556.1 (442.5 to 672.3) | 447.1 (357.7 to 535.1) | -20 (-24 to -15) | 772.7 (627 to 912) | 639.5 (536.5 to 742.1) | -17 (-23 to -12) | 137.3 (106 to 177.1) | 112.9 (90.7 to 139.2) | -18 (-26 to -8) |
High body-mass index | 318.2 (165.8 to 518.9) | 448.3 (289.2 to 620.2) | 41 (16 to 81) | 96.1 (51.5 to 156.5) | 121.2 (75.6 to 175.8) | 26 (9 to 55) | 182.5 (91.7 to 304.4) | 268.4 (172 to 372.8) | 47 (18 to 95) | 39.6 (19.9 to 66.1) | 58.7 (37.4 to 83.4) | 48 (18 to 101) |
Dietary risks | 1474.6 (1301.9 to 1649.7) | 1057.7 (926.4 to 1202.3) | -28 (-32 to -25) | 529 (430.5 to 630) | 377.9 (309.8 to 449.5) | -29 (-32 to -24) | 794.5 (655.5 to 928.5) | 571.4 (477.3 to 672) | -28 (-33 to -23) | 151 (120 to 192.4) | 108.4 (87.5 to 132.8) | -28 (-35 to -20) |
Low physical activity | 104.2 (35.3 to 195.8) | 79.4 (27.3 to 148) | -24 (-28 to -19) | 104.2 (35.3 to 195.8) | 79.4 (27.3 to 148) | -24 (-28 to -19) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
Impaired kidney function | 219.2 (179.7 to 263.4) | 178.7 (147.7 to 214.2) | -18 (-23 to -14) | 98.2 (76.4 to 122.2) | 77.8 (61.3 to 96.3) | -21 (-25 to -15) | 121 (97.5 to 145.9) | 100.9 (82.8 to 120.7) | -17 (-22 to -11) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High LDL cholesterol | 210.8 (116.2 to 372.3) | 168.6 (97.3 to 296.7) | -20 (-24 to -14) | 210.8 (116.2 to 372.3) | 168.6 (97.3 to 296.7) | -20 (-24 to -14) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
World Bank Upper Middle Income | ||||||||||||
All risk factors | 2632.2 (2511.5 to 2772.3) | 1713.5 (1618.1 to 1812.6) | -35 (-38 to -32) | 990.5 (916.9 to 1073.1) | 759.4 (691.4 to 833.1) | -23 (-28 to -19) | 1320.1 (1241.1 to 1474.3) | 827.2 (784.3 to 866.7) | -37 (-43 to -34) | 321.6 (223.9 to 367.1) | 126.9 (112.9 to 137.7) | -61 (-66 to -46) |
Air pollution | 424 (353 to 494.8) | 220.8 (177.6 to 265.2) | -48 (-52 to -45) | 133 (107.3 to 159.4) | 85.9 (67.6 to 105.6) | -35 (-41 to -30) | 229.7 (187.8 to 275.8) | 117 (94.1 to 140.3) | -49 (-55 to -45) | 61.3 (40.7 to 75.5) | 17.9 (13.9 to 21.8) | -71 (-75 to -59) |
Other environmental risks | 195.9 (132.5 to 265.1) | 125.6 (83.6 to 170.2) | -36 (-41 to -31) | 53.8 (33.5 to 77.1) | 49.6 (31.6 to 70.2) |
-8 (-17 to 3)
| 111.9 (73.7 to 156.8) | 67.3 (43.7 to 94.4) | -40 (-48 to -33) | 30.2 (16.3 to 44.6) | 8.7 (5.3 to 12.6) | -71 (-78 to -57) |
Tobacco | 747.8 (691.5 to 805.9) | 464.6 (431.7 to 499.7) | -38 (-41 to -34) | 247.6 (225.6 to 270.8) | 186.1 (169.6 to 205.7) | -25 (-31 to -19) | 401.4 (363.8 to 451.8) | 241.8 (224.9 to 259.2) | -40 (-45 to -35) | 98.8 (69.5 to 117.6) | 36.6 (31.3 to 41.1) | -63 (-69 to -50) |
Alcohol use | 265.1 (184.8 to 348.7) | 258.5 (187.7 to 327.5) |
-2 (-23 to 29)
|
32.9 (-0.3 to 68.7)
| 60.9 (30.2 to 93.4) |
85 (-200 to 712)
| 232.1 (164.6 to 299.7) | 197.6 (143.5 to 250.3) |
-15 (-32 to 10)
| 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High fasting plasma glucose | 449.7 (313.6 to 630.1) | 319.1 (221.8 to 448.8) | -29 (-34 to -24) | 192 (105.4 to 346.3) | 152.2 (85.5 to 260.8) | -21 (-27 to -13) | 209.3 (134.9 to 295.4) | 143.6 (95.9 to 199.3) | -31 (-38 to -26) | 48.4 (28.7 to 71.9) | 23.2 (15.5 to 32) | -52 (-59 to -35) |
High systolic blood pressure | 1591 (1343.6 to 1810) | 1095.7 (930.5 to 1236) | -31 (-34 to -28) | 582.6 (459.2 to 694.7) | 464.3 (364.9 to 551.4) | -20 (-25 to -16) | 810.6 (657.2 to 971.1) | 546.1 (452.3 to 637.3) | -33 (-39 to -28) | 197.7 (135 to 245.2) | 85.3 (69.6 to 100.3) | -57 (-63 to -41) |
High body-mass index | 492.6 (253.8 to 789) | 477.8 (295.8 to 669.6) |
-3 (-17 to 20)
| 149.3 (78.4 to 236.4) | 157.8 (92 to 235.1) |
6 (-6 to 22)
| 272 (135.6 to 444.8) | 265.5 (164.1 to 376) |
-2 (-18 to 24)
| 71.3 (35.5 to 119.8) | 54.5 (37 to 72.8) |
-24 (-43 to 9)
|
Dietary risks | 1864.7 (1684.4 to 2045.5) | 1130.3 (1008.6 to 1248.1) | -39 (-43 to -36) | 627.5 (536 to 718.2) | 461.7 (390.1 to 530.3) | -26 (-32 to -21) | 983 (850 to 1140.6) | 578.7 (504.4 to 646.9) | -41 (-47 to -37) | 254.2 (171.7 to 301.5) | 89.9 (76.5 to 103.3) | -65 (-70 to -51) |
Low physical activity | 119.5 (41.7 to 223.1) | 88 (30.1 to 164.7) | -26 (-31 to -21) | 119.5 (41.7 to 223.1) | 88 (30.1 to 164.7) | -26 (-31 to -21) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
Impaired kidney function | 217.5 (177.8 to 263.5) | 139.3 (113.8 to 167.6) | -36 (-40 to -32) | 97.8 (77 to 120.5) | 68.4 (54.4 to 84.5) | -30 (-35 to -25) | 119.7 (98 to 145.5) | 70.9 (58.7 to 84.3) | -41 (-46 to -37) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High LDL cholesterol | 268.1 (153.1 to 454) | 203 (116 to 345.7) | -24 (-29 to -20) | 268.1 (153.1 to 454) | 203 (116 to 345.7) | -24 (-29 to -20) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
World Bank High Income | ||||||||||||
All risk factors | 1142.6 (1081.3 to 1199.9) | 555.6 (507.3 to 602.9) | -51 (-54 to -49) | 552 (504.7 to 599.4) | 267.9 (231 to 305.6) | -51 (-55 to -49) | 443.9 (425.8 to 459) | 198.4 (188 to 208.3) | -55 (-57 to -54) | 146.7 (138.3 to 155.2) | 89.3 (81.5 to 97.3) | -39 (-42 to -36) |
Air pollution | 105.1 (80.3 to 132) | 43.9 (32.6 to 55.8) | -58 (-61 to -56) | 43.9 (33 to 55.9) | 17.9 (13.3 to 23.3) | -59 (-62 to -56) | 45.2 (34.3 to 56.3) | 17.8 (13.1 to 22.8) | -61 (-63 to -58) | 16 (12 to 20.2) | 8.3 (6 to 10.7) | -48 (-52 to -45) |
Other environmental risks | 37.6 (16.9 to 62.2) | 14.1 (5.4 to 25.7) | -62 (-69 to -58) | 16 (7.2 to 26.9) | 6.6 (2.6 to 11.9) | -59 (-65 to -55) | 16.7 (7.4 to 28) | 5.6 (2.1 to 10.4) | -67 (-74 to -62) | 4.8 (1.8 to 8.9) | 1.9 (0.5 to 4) | -61 (-71 to -54) |
Tobacco | 388.1 (362.5 to 413.8) | 129.3 (116.2 to 143.3) | -67 (-69 to -65) | 161.6 (147 to 176.7) | 53.7 (46 to 61.7) | -67 (-69 to -64) | 163.8 (154.6 to 172.3) | 49.7 (46 to 53.6) | -70 (-71 to -68) | 62.8 (58.3 to 67.5) | 25.9 (23.3 to 29) | -59 (-61 to -56) |
Alcohol use | 150.1 (101.9 to 199.9) | 52.6 (27.6 to 78.7) | -65 (-76 to -57) | 28.2 (-5.7 to 63.2) | 5.9 (-11 to 24.1) |
-79 (-259 to 70)
| 121.9 (87.1 to 153.6) | 46.7 (29.8 to 62.2) | -62 (-68 to -56) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High fasting plasma glucose | 251.7 (165.7 to 396) | 152.8 (100.1 to 227.4) | -39 (-45 to -33) | 135.8 (68.9 to 261.9) | 81.4 (41.4 to 149.9) | -40 (-46 to -33) | 91.8 (59.7 to 131.9) | 52.2 (33.9 to 76.1) | -43 (-48 to -37) | 24 (15.8 to 33.4) | 19.2 (12.6 to 27) | -20 (-26 to -12) |
High systolic blood pressure | 762.2 (663.7 to 857.2) | 333.7 (280 to 386.2) | -56 (-58 to -54) | 352.9 (281.9 to 419.5) | 153.1 (116.7 to 188.4) | -57 (-60 to -54) | 306.8 (259.6 to 350.1) | 124.2 (102.2 to 145.1) | -60 (-61 to -58) | 102.6 (85.7 to 118.6) | 56.4 (45.7 to 67.7) | -45 (-48 to -42) |
High body-mass index | 318.7 (198.8 to 445.6) | 213.4 (150.8 to 275.8) | -33 (-40 to -21) | 106.8 (62.1 to 158.7) | 75.2 (49.5 to 105.3) | -30 (-38 to -16) | 147.7 (91.9 to 207) | 89.8 (65.4 to 114.9) | -39 (-46 to -28) | 64.3 (42.4 to 86.8) | 48.3 (35.7 to 61.3) | -25 (-32 to -14) |
Dietary risks | 608.4 (540 to 686) | 303.2 (260.6 to 345.1) | -50 (-52 to -48) | 263.5 (219.7 to 308.1) | 132.8 (106.6 to 159.7) | -50 (-53 to -47) | 249.9 (212.9 to 289.3) | 112.6 (94.8 to 130.7) | -55 (-56 to -53) | 95 (80.9 to 109.7) | 57.8 (48.4 to 67.4) | -39 (-42 to -36) |
Low physical activity | 72.9 (24.9 to 137.4) | 36.3 (12.1 to 68.5) | -50 (-53 to -47) | 72.9 (24.9 to 137.4) | 36.3 (12.1 to 68.5) | -50 (-53 to -47) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
Impaired kidney function | 87 (67.9 to 108.1) | 41.3 (31.9 to 52.1) | -53 (-55 to -50) | 49.6 (36.6 to 63.6) | 24.5 (18.1 to 32) | -51 (-55 to -47) | 37.4 (30.9 to 44.8) | 16.8 (13.7 to 20.4) | -55 (-57 to -53) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
High LDL cholesterol | 166.3 (86.7 to 293.9) | 78.8 (43.4 to 135) | -53 (-56 to -47) | 166.3 (86.7 to 293.9) | 78.8 (43.4 to 135) | -53 (-56 to -47) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) |
Hypertension
Dietary risks
Diabetes mellitus
Obesity
LICs | LMICs | HMICs | HICs | Global | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incidence (%) | |||||
< 40 years | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1 | 1.7 |
1.3
|
40–64 years | 10.7 | 11 | 10.9 | 9.8 |
10.9
|
≥ 65 years | 87.8 | 87.5 | 88.1 | 88.5 |
87.8
|
Prevalence (%) | |||||
< 40years | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2 | 2.4 |
2.1
|
40–64 years | 18.7 | 18.5 | 16 | 13.3 |
15.2
|
≥ 65 years | 78.2 | 78.7 | 82 | 84.3 |
82.7
|
Mortality (%) | |||||
< 40 years | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
0.5
|
40–64 years | 4.4 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 1.5 |
3.4
|
≥ 65 years | 94.8 | 95.6 | 97 | 98.3 |
96
|
DALYs (%) | |||||
< 40 years | 6.3 | 4 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
4.4
|
40–64 years | 15.4 | 14.8 | 11.1 | 8.4 |
13.2
|
≥ 65 years | 78.2 | 81.2 | 86.4 | 88.9 |
82.4
|
Smoking
Air pollution
All-type stroke | Ischaemic stroke | Intracerebral haemorrhage | Subarachnoid haemorrhage | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number (thousand) | Age-standardised rate | Number (thousand) | Age-standardised rate | Number (thousand) | Age-standardised rate | Number (thousand) | Age-standardised rate | |||||
Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Female to male ratio | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Female to male ratio | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Female to male ratio | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Female to male ratio | |
DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) per 100,000 people | ||||||||||||
Global | ||||||||||||
Air pollution | 16,385.6 (13,224.6 to 19,514.3) | 201.9 (164.1 to 240.1) | 0.7 | 5784.9 (4581.1 to 6995.0) | 72.2 (57.4 to 87.3) | 0.8 | 8967.4 (7270.6 to 10,723.3) | 109.7 (89.3 to 130.8) | 0.7 | 1633.3 (1272.4 to 2021.0) | 19.9 (15.6 to 24.6) | 0.9 |
Ambient particulate matter pollution | 10,515.5 (8248.0 to 12,877.4) | 129.8 (101.6 to 159.0) | 0.6 | 3950.2 (3040.2 to 4873.9) | 49.4 (38.2 to 61.0) | 0.7 | 5523.0 (4340.7 to 6835.3) | 67.7 (53.2 to 83.2) | 0.5 | 1042.2 (809.3 to 1314.3) | 12.7 (9.9 to 16.0) | 0.8 |
Household air pollution from solid fuels | 5870.2 (4573.4 to 7263.3) | 72.0 (56.0 to 89.0) | 1.0 | 1834.6 (1390.5 to 2329.5) | 22.8 (17.3 to 28.9) | 1.1 | 3444.4 (2660.7 to 4305.5) | 42.0 (32.6 to 52.6) | 0.9 | 591.2 (443.5 to 776.6) | 7.2 (5.4 to 9.4) | 1.1 |
World Bank low income | ||||||||||||
Air pollution | 1233.7 (1026.6 to 1436.3) | 372.2 (310.0 to 434.3) | 1.0 | 346.8 (277.8 to 422.1) | 117.0 (93.5 to 142.3) | 1.3 | 785.9 (644.4 to 931.4) | 229.0 (187.9 to 271.2) | 0.9 | 100.9 (70.7 to 148.7) | 26.2 (18.4 to 38.9) | 0.8 |
Ambient particulate matter pollution | 257.8 (193.9 to 334.5) | 78.5 (58.5 to 102.7) | 0.6 | 73.5 (53.8 to 97.7) | 25.0 (18.0 to 33.3) | 0.8 | 161.9 (121.9 to 210.7) | 47.6 (35.9 to 63.0) | 0.5 | 22.4 (14.5 to 33.8) | 5.9 (3.8 to 9.0) | 0.5 |
Household air pollution from solid fuels | 975.9 (804.3 to 1161.0) | 293.8 (241.9 to 349.1) | 1.1 | 273.3 (215.0 to 339.1) | 92.0 (71.8 to 114.4) | 1.5 | 624.1 (505.2 to 755.4) | 181.4 (145.9 to 219.7) | 1.0 | 78.6 (53.5 to 116.6) | 20.3 (13.9 to 30.6) | 0.8 |
World Bank lower middle income | ||||||||||||
Air pollution | 6858.7 (5569.0 to 8122.8) | 282.1 (230.7 to 332.5) | 0.8 | 2210.7 (1731.5 to 2754.2) | 98.6 (76.9 to 121.9) | 0.9 | 3864.7 (3106.8 to 4631.0) | 154.2 (123.9 to 185.2) | 0.8 | 783.2 (598.3 to 991.4) | 29.3 (22.4 to 37.3) | 1.0 |
Ambient particulate matter pollution | 3579.6 (2832.0 to 4445.7) | 147.4 (116.4 to 182.6) | 0.7 | 1215.2 (931.1 to 1532.2) | 54.1 (41.6 to 68.1) | 0.7 | 1961.2 (1538.8 to 2471.9) | 78.2 (61.4 to 98.8) | 0.6 | 403.2 (299.8 to 529.0) | 15.1 (11.2 to 19.8) | 0.8 |
Household air pollution from solid fuels | 3279.2 (2552.6 to 4049.6) | 134.7 (105.1 to 165.7) | 1.1 | 995.6 (753.2 to 1285.3) | 44.5 (34.0 to 56.9) | 1.2 | 1903.5 (1466.3 to 2394.9) | 76.0 (58.7 to 95.4) | 1.0 | 380.1 (281.3 to 507.2) | 14.2 (10.6 to 19.0) | 1.2 |
World Bank upper middle income | ||||||||||||
Air pollution | 7302.6 (5851.4 to 8792.7) | 220.8 (177.6 to 265.2) | 0.6 | 2793.7 (2192.9 to 3426.0) | 85.9 (67.6 to 105.6) | 0.7 | 3912.0 (3133.7 to 4715.4) | 117.0 (94.1 to 140.3) | 0.6 | 596.9 (460.3 to 731.4) | 17.9 (13.9 to 21.8) | 0.8 |
Ambient particulate matter pollution | 5740.9 (4467.1 to 7074.4) | 173.7 (136.2 to 213.7) | 0.6 | 2249.4 (1720.3 to 2798.2) | 69.2 (53.2 to 86.0) | 0.6 | 3021.3 (2361.5 to 3694.9) | 90.4 (71.0 to 110.6) | 0.5 | 470.2 (364.2 to 588.9) | 14.1 (10.9 to 17.5) | 0.7 |
Household air pollution from solid fuels | 1561.7 (1139.5 to 2070.9) | 47.1 (34.6 to 62.7) | 0.9 | 544.3 (394.6 to 729.0) | 16.7 (12.2 to 22.5) | 0.9 | 890.7 (645.6 to 1181.3) | 26.6 (19.6 to 35.4) | 0.8 | 126.7 (91.7 to 169.8) | 3.8 (2.8 to 5.0) | 1.1 |
World Bank high income | ||||||||||||
Air pollution | 884.9 (659.1 to 1137.8) | 43.9 (32.6 to 55.8) | 0.7 | 395.6 (288.5 to 517.8) | 17.9 (13.3 to 23.3) | 0.7 | 345.0 (257.0 to 445.4) | 17.8 (13.1 to 22.8) | 0.6 | 144.3 (104.1 to 188.1) | 8.3 (6.0 to 10.7) | 1.1 |
Ambient particulate matter pollution | 861.6 (640.1 to 1107.5) | 42.8 (31.7 to 54.6) | 0.7 | 383.8 (279.6 to 506.2) | 17.3 (12.8 to 22.6) | 0.7 | 336.7 (250.1 to 433.2) | 17.3 (12.8 to 22.4) | 0.6 | 141.2 (102.0 to 184.3) | 8.1 (5.9 to 10.4) | 1.0 |
Household air pollution from solid fuels | 23.2 (15.3 to 33.9) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.7) | 1.1 | 11.8 (7.6 to 17.5) | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.8) | 1.2 | 8.3 (5.5 to 12.3) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.6) | 0.9 | 3.2 (2.1 to 4.6) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3) | 1.7 |
Deaths per 100,000 people | ||||||||||||
Global | ||||||||||||
Air pollution | 676.8 (550.5 to 806.6) | 8.6 (7.0 to 10.3) | 0.7 | 264.8 (209.1 to 322.5) | 3.4 (2.7 to 4.2) | 0.8 | 358.5 (291.8 to 427.7) | 4.5 (3.6 to 5.4) | 0.7 | 53.6 (42.7 to 65.3) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.8) | 0.9 |
Ambient particulate matter pollution | 444.9 (346.0 to 549.3) | 5.7 (4.4 to 7.0) | 0.6 | 183.5 (139.9 to 228.2) | 2.4 (1.8 to 3.0) | 0.7 | 226.4 (176.0 to 279.9) | 2.8 (2.2 to 3.5) | 0.6 | 35.0 (27.3 to 44.1) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.6) | 0.7 |
Household air pollution from solid fuels | 231.8 (179.6 to 287.2) | 2.9 (2.3 to 3.6) | 1.0 | 81.2 (62.4 to 103.8) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 1.1 | 132.1 (101.5 to 164.5) | 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0) | 1.0 | 18.5 (13.9 to 24.3) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 1.1 |
World Bank low income | ||||||||||||
Air pollution | 45.1 (37.7 to 52.9) | 16.2 (13.5 to 19.2) | 1.0 | 14.5 (11.4 to 17.9) | 5.9 (4.7 to 7.3) | 1.3 | 27.7 (22.8 to 32.8) | 9.4 (7.8 to 11.2) | 0.9 | 2.8 (1.9 to 4.3) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3) | 0.7 |
Ambient particulate matter pollution | 9.5 (7.1 to 12.5) | 3.5 (2.5 to 4.5) | 0.6 | 3.1 (2.2 to 4.2) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.7) | 0.8 | 5.8 (4.4 to 7.7) | 2.0 (1.5 to 2.6) | 0.6 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.0) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3) | 0.5 |
Household air pollution from solid fuels | 35.5 (28.9 to 42.3) | 12.8 (10.4 to 15.2) | 1.1 | 11.4 (8.7 to 14.2) | 4.7 (3.6 to 5.8) | 1.5 | 21.9 (17.7 to 26.5) | 7.4 (6.0 to 9.0) | 1.0 | 2.2 (1.5 to 3.4) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.0) | 0.8 |
World Bank lower middle income | ||||||||||||
Air pollution | 262.0 (215.1 to 311.6) | 12.3 (10.1 to 14.7) | 0.9 | 97.2 (76.5 to 121.1) | 5.1 (4.0 to 6.3) | 0.9 | 141.5 (113.5 to 169.5) | 6.3 (5.1 to 7.5) | 0.8 | 23.4 (18.0 to 30.1) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.2) | 1.0 |
Ambient particulate matter pollution | 136.7 (107.0 to 169.4) | 6.4 (5.0 to 8.0) | 0.7 | 53.1 (40.7 to 67.2) | 2.8 (2.1 to 3.5) | 0.7 | 71.6 (56.3 to 90.2) | 3.2 (2.5 to 4.0) | 0.6 | 12.0 (9.0 to 16.0) | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.7) | 0.8 |
Household air pollution from solid fuels | 125.4 (97.5 to 155.0) | 5.9 (4.6 to 7.3) | 1.1 | 44.1 (33.9 to 56.7) | 2.3 (1.8 to 2.9) | 1.2 | 69.9 (53.5 to 87.5) | 3.1 (2.4 to 3.9) | 1.0 | 11.4 (8.5 to 15.1) | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.6) | 1.2 |
World Bank upper middle income | ||||||||||||
Air pollution | 319.5 (254.3 to 386.8) | 10.2 (8.0 to 12.3) | 0.7 | 128.9 (99.8 to 160.6) | 4.2 (3.3 to 5.2) | 0.7 | 168.7 (134.7 to 202.4) | 5.3 (4.2 to 6.3) | 0.6 | 21.9 (16.9 to 26.8) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.8) | 0.8 |
Ambient particulate matter pollution | 251.1 (193.6 to 309.2) | 8.0 (6.1 to 9.8) | 0.6 | 104.3 (79.2 to 130.1) | 3.4 (2.6 to 4.3) | 0.6 | 129.6 (100.5 to 158.7) | 4.0 (3.2 to 5.0) | 0.5 | 17.2 (13.1 to 21.4) | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.7) | 0.7 |
Household air pollution from solid fuels | 68.5 (50.2 to 91.3) | 2.2 (1.6 to 2.9) | 0.9 | 24.6 (18.1 to 32.7) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) | 0.9 | 39.1 (28.5 to 52.2) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) | 0.9 | 4.7 (3.4 to 6.3) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) | 1.1 |
World Bank high income | ||||||||||||
Air pollution | 45.6 (33.5 to 59.2) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.4) | 0.7 | 22.5 (16.0 to 30.5) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.1) | 0.7 | 18.0 (13.3 to 23.3) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) | 0.6 | 5.1 (3.9 to 6.6) | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.3) | 1.0 |
Ambient particulate matter pollution | 44.4 (32.6 to 58.0) | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.4) | 0.7 | 21.8 (15.5 to 29.6) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) | 0.7 | 17.6 (12.9 to 22.8) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) | 0.6 | 5.0 (3.8 to 6.5) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 1.0 |
Household air pollution from solid fuels | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.1) | 1.2 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 1.3 | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.6) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 1.0 | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 1.7 |