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Digestive Diseases and Sciences

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01.05.2010 | Review

Staphylococcal Enterocolitis: Forgotten but Not Gone?

verfasst von: Zheng Lin, Donald P. Kotler, Patrick M. Schlievert, Emilia Mia Sordillo

Erschienen in: Digestive Diseases and Sciences | Ausgabe 5/2010

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Abstract

Purpose

Staphylococcus aureus may cause antibiotic-associated diarrhea and enterocolitis, with or without preceding antibiotic use, in immunocompromised adults or infants, or individuals with predisposing conditions, but there is little appreciation of this condition clinically.

Clinical Disease

The main clinical feature that helps to differentiate staphylococcal enterocolitis (SEC) from Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is large-volume, cholera-like diarrhea in the former case. A predominance of gram-positive cocci in clusters on gram stain of stool or biopsy specimens and the isolation of S. aureus as the dominant or sole flora support the diagnosis.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of SEC requires the interaction of staphylococcal enterotoxins, which function as superantigens, with interstitial epithelial lymphocytes and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).

Management

Most SEC represents recent S. aureus acquisition, so that improved infection prevention practices can reduce disease recurrence. Management should include aggressive fluid management and repletion and oral vancomycin.

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Titel: Staphylococcal Enterocolitis: Forgotten but Not Gone?
verfasst von: Zheng Lin
Donald P. Kotler
Patrick M. Schlievert
Emilia Mia Sordillo
Publikationsdatum: 01.05.2010
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Digestive Diseases and Sciences / Ausgabe 5/2010
Print ISSN: 0163-2116
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2568
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-009-0886-1

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