Introduction
Materials and methods
General information and study population
Pre-operative plan
Design and fabrication of 3D printed guides
Surgical approach
Graft preparation
Positioning of the tibial tunnel
Creation of the femoral tunnel
3D printing group
Conventional group
Graft fixation
Intraoperative statistics
Post-operative rehabilitation
Post-operative follow-up
Statistical analysis
Results
Males | Females | Average age | t Value |
P Value
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control group | 13 | 16 | 37.76 ± 10.34岁 | 1.58 | 0.12 |
3D printing group | 14 | 17 | 41.94 ± 10.15岁 | ||
χ2 Value | 0.001 | ||||
P Value
| 0.98 |
Group | Pre-operative | Post-operative 3 months | Post-operative 6 months | Post-operative 12 months | Post-operative 12 months vs. pre-operative T Value | Post-operative 12 months vs. pre-operative P Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control group | 48.45 ± 4.66 | 71.17 ± 5.90 | 81.07 ± 3.47 | 91.89 ± 4.88 | -36.167 |
P < 0.05
|
3D printing group | 50.13 ± 3.96 | 72.23 ± 3.51 | 82.90 ± 3.85 | 92.45 ± 4.64 | -38.650 |
P < 0.05
|
T Value | -1.509 | -0.847 | -1.933 | -0.471 | ||
P Value
| > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 |
Group | Pre-operative | Post-operative 3 months | Post-operative 6 months | Post-operative 12 months | Post-operative 12 months vs. pre-operative T Value | Post-operative 12 months vs. pre-operative P Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control group | 51.07 ± 7.02 | 72.34 ± 6.41 | 84.69 ± 3.76 | 90.93 ± 6.09 | -23.092 |
P < 0.05
|
3D printing group | 52.77 ± 7.39 | 73.32 ± 5.78 | 86.03 ± 4.85 | 92.5 ± 4.86 | -25.101 |
P < 0.05
|
T Value | -0.916 | -0.621 | -1.192 | -1.163 | ||
P Value
| > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 |
Phases | Lachman test | Pivot-shift test | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | |
Pre-operative | 23 (75.0%) | 6 (25.0%) | 25 (80.0%) | 4 (20.0%) |
Post-operative 12 months | 4 (5.0%) | 25 (95.0%) | 2 (10.0%) | 27 (90.0%) |
χ2 Value | 25.02 | 36.66 | ||
P Value
|
P < 0.01
|
P < 0.01
|
Phases | Lachman test | Pivot-shift test | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | |
Pre-operative | 27 (80.0%) | 4 (20.0%) | 25 (65.0%) | 6 (35.0%) |
Post-operative 12 months | 0 (0%) | 31 (100%) | 3 (10.0%) | 28 (90.0%) |
χ2 Value | 47.83 | 31.52 | ||
P Value
|
P < 0.01
|
P < 0.01
|
Group | Tunnel positioning time (seconds) | Length of anterolateral approach incision (cm) | Average number of positions (times) |
---|---|---|---|
Control group | 262.31 ± 23.08 | 1.84 ± 0.95 | 1.29 ± 0.58 |
3D Printing Group | 210.85 ± 17.73 | 1.86 ± 0.92 | 1.69 ± 0.81 |
T Value | 7.91 | -7.45 | -2.20 |
P Value
|
P < 0.05
|
P > 0.05
|
P < 0.05
|
Group | Accuracy |
---|---|
Control group | 49.57 ± 6.31 |
3D printing group | 58.18 ± 5.55 |
T Value | -4.58 |
P Value
|
< 0.05
|
Time phase | Group | Knee rotation degrees | T Value |
P Value
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foot flattening phase | Control group | 23.59 ± 3.75 | 19.48 ± 5.39 | 3.32 |
0.002
|
3D Printing Group | 21.06 ± 5.56 | 17.61 ± 4.76 | 2.63 |
0.011
| |
T Value | 2.05 | 1.41 | |||
P Value
|
0.045
| 0.163 | |||
Toe off phase | Control group | 16.38 ± 6.49 | 12.19 ± 5.47 | 2.67 |
0.010
|
3D Printing Group | 12.58 ± 7.16 | 10.16 ± 5.26 | 1.52 | 0.135 | |
T Value | 2.15 | 1.45 | |||
P Value
|
0.036
| 0.153 |
Group | Length (mm) |
---|---|
Control group | 33.19 ± 3.83 |
3D printing group | 34.45 ± 3.55 |
T Value | -1.34 |
P Value
| 0.186 |