Background
Methods
Participants
Group | Age (year) | BMI (kg/m2) | Tenger scalea | NPRSb back | NPRS Leg | ODIc Range |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sciatica (n = 15) | 42 ± 14.1 | 24 ± 2.3 | 3 ± 0.1 | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 5.8 ± 1.6 | 35.7–40.1 ± 11.9–13.7 |
Control (n = 15) | 41 ± 13.9 | 23.6 ± 2 | 3 ± 0.1 | – | – | – |
Apparatus
Data acquisition
Ultrasonography of the sciatic nerve and biceps femoris
Ultrasonography of medial gastrocnemius and soleus
Ultrasonography of multifidus muscle
Statistical analysis
Results
Mean | SD | ICC | SEM | MDC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dominant | |||||
Multifidus | 1.24 | 0.19 | 0.82 | 0.08 | 0.22 |
Biceps Femoris | 1.17 | 0.14 | 0.91 | 0.04 | 0.11 |
Medial Gastrocnemius | 1.12 | 0.07 | 0.90 | 0.03 | 0.08 |
Soleus | 1.10 | 0.06 | 0.87 | 0.03 | 0.07 |
Nondominant | |||||
Multifidus | 1.25 | 0.17 | 0.84 | 0.06 | 0.18 |
Biceps Femoris | 1.20 | 0.13 | 0.90 | 0.03 | 0.14 |
Medial Gastrocnemius | 1.12 | 0.07 | 0.86 | 0.03 | 0.09 |
Soleus | 1.10 | 0.07 | 0.88 | 0.03 | 0.09 |
Affected | |||||
Multifidus | 0.87 | 0.40 | 0.85 | 0.05 | 0.16 |
Biceps Femoris | 1.13 | 0.25 | 0.89 | 0.08 | 0.22 |
Medial Gastrocnemius | 1.01 | 0.20 | 0.87 | 0.07 | 0.19 |
Soleus | 0.90 | 0.07 | 0.90 | 0.06 | 0.17 |
Unaffected | |||||
Multifidus | 1.20 | 0.14 | 0.89 | 0.04 | 0.13 |
Biceps Femoris | 1.27 | 0.16 | 0.90 | 0.04 | 0.13 |
Medial Gastrocnemius | 1.20 | 0.21 | 0.86 | 0.07 | 0.19 |
Soleus | 1.25 | 0.22 | 0.89 | 0.06 | 0.18 |
Cross-Sectional Area (mm2) | Echogenicity (a.u.) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trace method | Ellipse method | ||||||||||||||
Mean | SD | ICC | SEM | MDC | Mean | SD | ICC | SEM | MDC | Mean | SD | ICC | SEM | MDC | |
Dominant | 47.76 | 12.77 | 0.94 | 3.10 | 8.59 | 47.54 | 12.59 | 0.82 | 5.34 | 14.76 | 75.5 | 26.40 | 0.74 | 13.44 | 37.14 |
Nondominant | 48.01 | 12.3 | 0.97 | 2.14 | 5.94 | 47.98 | 12.51 | 0.88 | 4.33 | 11.96 | 74.98 | 21.07 | 0.71 | 11.24 | 31.07 |
Affected | 51.81 | 10.0 | 0.91 | 3.0 | 8.31 | 50.97 | 9.73 | 0.83 | 4.01 | 11.08 | 70.64 | 26.48 | 0.75 | 13.24 | 36.59 |
Unaffected | 45.54 | 9.11 | 0.90 | 2.88 | 7.97 | 45.11 | 8.98 | 0.81 | 3.91 | 10.81 | 71.67 | 37.28 | 0.82 | 15.81 | 43.70 |
Transverse scan (a.u.) | Longitudinal scan (a.u.) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | ICC | SEM | MDC | Mean | SD | ICC | SEM | MDC | |
Dominant | ||||||||||
Multifidus | 90.53 | 18.27 | 0.81 | 7.95 | 21.99 | 91.83 | 23.20 | 0.83 | 9.56 | 26.42 |
Biceps Femoris | 67.89 | 21.26 | 0.76 | 10.40 | 28.74 | 59.08 | 16.86 | 0.80 | 7.54 | 20.84 |
Medial Gastrocnemius | 79.98 | 14 | 0.78 | 6.57 | 18.67 | 84.82 | 20 | 0.82 | 8.48 | 23.39 |
Soleus | 104.39 | 47.16 | 0.79 | 21.60 | 59.70 | 100.74 | 45.58 | 0.81 | 19.83 | 54.80 |
Nondominant | ||||||||||
Multifidus | 98.13 | 20.1 | 0.75 | 10.05 | 27.79 | 89.75 | 17.31 | 0.80 | 7.74 | 21.39 |
Biceps Femoris | 81.90 | 23.23 | 0.77 | 11.13 | 30.75 | 78.74 | 21.48 | 0.82 | 9.11 | 25.17 |
Medial Gastrocnemius | 79.89 | 18.67 | 0.76 | 9.13 | 25.23 | 80.85 | 14.24 | 0.83 | 5.87 | 16.23 |
Soleus | 104.03 | 46.29 | 0.78 | 16.85 | 46.57 | 100.46 | 48.82 | 0.82 | 20.70 | 57.21 |
Affected | ||||||||||
Multifidus | 99.41 | 41.53 | 0.82 | 17.61 | 48.69 | 98.89 | 41.1 | 0.84 | 16.44 | 45.43 |
Biceps Femoris | 73.71 | 37.82 | 0.85 | 14.64 | 40.45 | 80.21 | 42.72 | 0.80 | 19.10 | 52.79 |
Medial Gastrocnemius | 89.87 | 45.89 | 0.83 | 18.98 | 52.47 | 90.55 | 47.92 | 0.84 | 19.17 | 52.98 |
Soleus | 99.76 | 31.22 | 0.87 | 11.24 | 31.08 | 96.63 | 32.23 | 0.89 | 10.67 | 29.5 |
Unaffected | ||||||||||
Multifidus | 98.74 | 42.28 | 0.82 | 17.93 | 49.57 | 99.76 | 43.87 | 0.84 | 17.55 | 48.50 |
Biceps Femoris | 72.11 | 39.23 | 0.80 | 17.54 | 48.49 | 74.10 | 38.03 | 0.83 | 15.67 | 43.32 |
Medial Gastrocnemius | 80.21 | 47.97 | 0.87 | 17.27 | 47.72 | 79.27 | 48.79 | 0.86 | 18.25 | 50.46 |
Soleus | 95.89 | 31.52 | 0.85 | 12.2 | 33.51 | 97.45 | 35.02 | 0.84 | 14.01 | 38.72 |
Transverse scan (a.u.) | Longitudinal scan (a.u.) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | ICC | SEM | MDC | Mean | SD | ICC | SEM | MDC | |
Dominant | ||||||||||
Multifidus | 64.51 | 15.1 | 0.91 | 4.53 | 12.51 | 66.56 | 23.17 | 0.80 | 10.36 | 28.64 |
Biceps Femoris | 69.28 | 26.81 | 0.93 | 7.08 | 19.58 | 59.07 | 18.56 | 0.82 | 7.86 | 21.73 |
Medial Gastrocnemius | 83.20 | 19.90 | 0.96 | 3.98 | 10.99 | 84.45 | 20.31 | 0.90 | 6.42 | 17.75 |
Soleus | 95.51 | 46.18 | 0.94 | 11.27 | 31.14 | 102.50 | 54.98 | 0.85 | 21.28 | 58.33 |
Nondominant | ||||||||||
Multifidus | 45.29 | 29.37 | 0.92 | 8.29 | 22.91 | 66.50 | 18.37 | 0.89 | 6.07 | 16.80 |
Biceps Femoris | 81.98 | 20.81 | 0.94 | 5.08 | 14.05 | 86.32 | 30.77 | 0.87 | 11.08 | 30.64 |
Medial Gastrocnemius | 79.09 | 22.43 | 0.91 | 6.73 | 18.57 | 80.24 | 16.98 | 0.92 | 4.79 | 13.26 |
Soleus | 106.52 | 50.06 | 0.90 | 15.82 | 43.72 | 89.72 | 49.78 | 0.88 | 17.22 | 47.60 |
Affected | ||||||||||
Multifidus | 108.19 | 42.37 | 0.94 | 10.34 | 28.58 | 99.08 | 36.48 | 0.82 | 15.47 | 42.77 |
Biceps Femoris | 73.32 | 39.14 | 0.92 | 11.04 | 30.52 | 78.82 | 40.37 | 0.84 | 16.15 | 44.63 |
Medial Gastrocnemius | 90.12 | 45.94 | 0.93 | 12.13 | 33.52 | 91.36 | 50.18 | 0.86 | 18.77 | 51.89 |
Soleus | 98.65 | 30.66 | 0.91 | 9.20 | 25.44 | 99.18 | 35.79 | 0.90 | 11.31 | 31.27 |
Unaffected | ||||||||||
Multifidus | 101.90 | 35.88 | 0.92 | 10.12 | 27.98 | 106.13 | 44.59 | 0.81 | 19.40 | 53.61 |
Biceps Femoris | 81.12 | 38.33 | 0.92 | 10.81 | 29.89 | 83.48 | 35.77 | 0.83 | 14.74 | 40.75 |
Medial Gastrocnemius | 81.11 | 48.82 | 0.90 | 15.43 | 42.66 | 80.96 | 49.13 | 0.87 | 17.69 | 48.90 |
Soleus | 99.11 | 30.26 | 0.91 | 9.08 | 25.10 | 100.12 | 33.89 | 0.89 | 11.22 | 31.0 |