Background
Methods
Participants and investigators
Data collection
Definition of MetS and CVD
Categories and statistical analysis
Results
Clinical characteristics according to serum uric acid levels
SUA levels (μmol/L) | P value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<280 | 280 ~ 320 | 320 ~ 370 | 370 ~ 420 | >420 | ||
(n = 1748) | (n = 1376) | (n = 1886) | (n = 1452) | (n = 1788) | ||
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | ||
Age(years) | 66.4(11.09) | 65.6(10.80) | 65.8(11.19) | 65.8(11.17) | 66.2(11.48) | 0.221 |
Age ≥ 65 (%) | 955(54.6 %) | 735(53.4 %) | 1004(53.2 %) | 774(53.3 %) | 964(53.9 %) | 0.918 |
Current smoker (%) | 405(23.2 %) | 305(22.2 %) | 436(23.1 %) | 307(21.1 %) | 386(21.6 %) | 0.015 |
Alcohol consumption (%) | 304(17.4 %) | 229(16.6 %) | 302(16.0 %) | 252(17.4 %) | 310(17.3 %) | 0.485 |
Sedentary lifestyle (%) | 392(22.4 %) | 293(21.3 %) | 427(22.6 %) | 358(24.7 %) | 436(24.4 %) | 0.145 |
Family history of premature CVD (%) | 151(8.6 %) | 114(8.3 %) | 153(8.1 %) | 133(9.2 %) | 179(10.0 %) | 0.282 |
Height (cm) | 169.6(5.73) | 170.0(5.54) | 170.2(5.78) | 169.9(5.52) | 169.8(5.83) | 0.009 |
Weight (kg) | 70.23(10.30) | 70.91(10.06) | 71.78(10.10) | 72.07(9.94) | 72.96(10.85) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.39(3.11) | 24.50(3.00) | 24.74(3.04) | 24.93(2.96) | 25.28(3.33) | <0.001 |
WC (cm) | 88.65(11.08) | 89.16(10.63) | 89.75(11.36) | 90.44(10.57) | 91.09(11.15) | <0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 130.3(15.25) | 129.3(15.41) | 130.2(14.67) | 130.8(16.16) | 131.4(15.71) | 0.004 |
DBP (mmHg) | 77.5(9.68) | 77.6(9.47) | 78.1(9.67) | 78.1(9.99) | 78.4(10.18) | 0.049 |
FPG (mmol/L)a | 6.82(2.88) | 6.34 (2.27) | 6.29(2.28) | 6.34(2.35) | 6.22(2.11) | <0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.25(1.13) | 4.23 (1.14) | 4.22(1.12) | 4.27(1.14) | 4.28(1.14) | 0.577 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.44 (0.88) | 2.43 (0.91) | 2.44 (0.94) | 2.43 (0.91) | 2.42(0.91) | 0.924 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.23(0.35) | 1.22 (0.35) | 1.17 (0.31) | 1.17(0.30) | 1.12(0.31) | <0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.52 (1.21) | 1.65(1.32) | 1.71 (1.36) | 1.87(1.50) | 2.18 (1.88) | <0.001 |
NonHDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.01 (1.08) | 3.01 (1.09) | 3.05(1.07) | 3.10(1.09) | 3.16(1.08) | 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 819(46.9 %) | 529(38.4 %) | 679(36.0 %) | 501(34.5 %) | 592(33.1 %) | <0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | 1100(62.9 %) | 867(63.0 %) | 1286(68.2 %) | 1025(70.6 %) | 1319(73.8 %) | <0.001 |
CHD (%) | 705(40.3 %) | 594(43.2 %) | 826(43.8 %) | 663(45.7 %) | 849(47.5 %) | <0.001 |
Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 384(22.0 %) | 256(18.6 %) | 379(20.1 %) | 284(19.6 %) | 335(18.7 %) | 0.099 |
HF (%) | 63(3.6 %) | 44(3.2 %) | 87(4.6 %) | 60(4.1 %) | 107(6.0 %) | 0.001 |
Peripheral arterial disease (%) | 31(1.8 %) | 17(1.2 %) | 20(1.1 %) | 24(1.7 %) | 25(1.4 %) | 0.378 |
Antihypertention agents (%) | 1012(57.9 %) | 827(60.1 %) | 1209(64.1 %) | 960(66.1 %) | 1255(70.2 %) | <0.001 |
Diuretic agents (%) | 52(3.0 %) | 33(2.4 %) | 77(4.1 %) | 76(5.2 %) | 139(7.8 %) | <0.001 |
Antiplatelet agents (%) | 1241(71.0 %) | 981(71.3 %) | 1370(72.6 %) | 1057(72.8 %) | 1293(72.3 %) | 0.710 |
SUA levels (μmol/L) | P value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<230 | 230 ~ 270 | 270 ~ 310 | 310 ~ 360 | >360 | ||
(n = 1359) | (n = 1325) | (n = 1436) | (n = 1389) | (n = 1642) | ||
Age(years) | 64.9(10.05) | 65.1(9.70) | 65.5(9.67) | 66.2(9.76) | 68.5(9.91) | <0.001 |
Age ≥ 65 (%) | 680(50.0 %) | 673(50.8 %) | 755(52.6 %) | 766(55.1 %) | 1058(64.4 %) | <0.001 |
Current smoker (%) | 20(1.5 %) | 22(1.7 %) | 35(2.4 %) | 29(2.1 %) | 19(1.2 %) | 0.142 |
Alcohol consumption (%) | 7(0.5 %) | 7(0.5 %) | 13(0.9 %) | 7(0.5 %) | 9(0.5 %) | 0.602 |
Sedentary lifestyle (%) | 228(16.8 %) | 233(17.6 %) | 257(17.9 %) | 279(20.1 %) | 336(20.5 %) | 0.039 |
Family history of premature CVD (%) | 108(7.9 %) | 112(8.5 %) | 135(9.4 %) | 137(9.9 %) | 176(10.7 %) | 0.075 |
Height (cm) | 158.1(5.43) | 158.3(5.34) | 158.3(5.30) | 158.1(5.37) | 157.7(5.62) | 0.045 |
Weight (kg) | 59.92(9.58) | 60.64(9.19) | 61.36(9.12) | 61.85(9.78) | 62.52(10.06) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.92(3.34) | 24.19(3.31) | 24.46(3.20) | 24.72(3.53) | 25.09(3.58) | <0.001 |
WC (cm) | 83.34(10.21) | 83.69(10.15) | 84.36(10.18) | 84.62(10.79) | 86.38(11.34) | <0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 130.1(16.57) | 130.0(15.63) | 130.2(16.11) | 130.5(16.27) | 132.2(16.53) | <0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 77.1(9.42) | 77.4(9.43) | 77.0(9.61) | 77.1(10.03) | 77.1(9.88) | 0.889 |
FPG (mmol/L)a | 6.62(2.88) | 6.35(2.42) | 6.21 (2.05) | 6.35 (2.25) | 6.32 (2.22) | 0.007 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.80 (1.14) | 4.83(1.21) | 4.85(1.23) | 4.78(1.18) | 4.79(1.20) | 0.504 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.75 (0.96) | 2.76(0.97) | 2.76(1.02) | 2.76(1.02) | 2.76(1.04) | 0.964 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.45(0.39) | 1.40(0.37) | 1.36 (0.35) | 1.32(0.36) | 1.26(0.34) | <0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.63 (1.22) | 1.73 (1.08) | 1.89 (1.48) | 1.98 (1.39) | 2.20 (1.55) | <0.001 |
NonHDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.36(1.10) | 3.43(1.16) | 3.48 (1.20) | 3.46(1.13) | 3.53 (1.16) | 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 509(37.5 %) | 443(33.4 %) | 485(33.8 %) | 521(37.5 %) | 669(40.7 %) | <0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | 802(59.0 %) | 816(61.6 %) | 955(66.5 %) | 994(71.6 %) | 1270(77.3 %) | <0.001 |
CHD (%) | 389(28.6 %) | 411(31.0 %) | 473(32.9 %) | 496(35.7 %) | 661(40.3 %) | <0.001 |
Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 214(15.7 %) | 202(15.2 %) | 207(14.4 %) | 196(14.1 %) | 265(16.1 %) | 0.493 |
HF (%) | 37(2.7 %) | 47(3.5 %) | 52(3.6 %) | 61(4.4 %) | 123(7.5 %) | <0.001 |
Peripheral arterial disease (%) | 8(0.6 %) | 9(0.7 %) | 19(1.3 %) | 15(1.1 %) | 26(1.6 %) | 0.044 |
Antihypertention agents (%) | 740(54.5 %) | 757(57.1 %) | 902(62.8 %) | 937(67.5 %) | 1213(73.9 %) | <0.001 |
Diuretic agents (%) | 44(3.2 %) | 59(4.5 %) | 78(5.4 %) | 80(5.8 %) | 159(9.7 %) | <0.001 |
Antiplatelet agents (%) | 769(56.6 %) | 765(57.7 %) | 861(60.0 %) | 868(62.5 %) | 1117(68.0 %) | <0.001 |
The association between serum uric acid categories and MetS
SUA levels (μmol/L) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
<280 | 280 ~ 320 | 320 ~ 370 | 370 ~ 420 | >420 | |
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |
MetS ATP | |||||
Unadjusted | 1(reference) | 1.02 (0.88,1.19) | 1.16 (1.01,1.34) | 1.23 (1.06,1.43) | 1.71 (1.49,1.97) |
Model 1 | 1(reference) | 1.01 (0.87,1.18) | 1.15 (1.00,1.32) | 1.22 (1.05,1.42) | 1.71 (1.49,1.97) |
Model 2 | 1(reference) | 1.01 (0.87,1.18) | 1.15 (1.00,1.33) | 1.21 (1.04,1.40) | 1.71 (1.48,1.96) |
Model 3a | 1(reference) | 1.03 (0.88,1.20) | 1.16 (1.01,1.34) | 1.22 (1.05,1.42) | 1.72 (1.49,1.98) |
Model 41 | 1(reference) | 1.02 (0.87,1.20) | 1.11 (0.96,1.28) | 1.13 (0.96,1.31) | 1.51 (1.30,1.74) |
MetS IDF | |||||
Unadjusted | 1(reference) | 1.00 (0.86,1.16) | 1.20 (1.04,1.37) | 1.28 (1.10,1.48) | 1.68 (1.46,1.92) |
Model 1 | 1(reference) | 0.98 (0.85,1.14) | 1.18 (1.03,1.36) | 1.26 (1.09,1.46) | 1.68 (1.46,1.93) |
Model 2 | 1(reference) | 0.99 (0.85,1.15) | 1.19 (1.03,1.36) | 1.25 (1.08,1.45) | 1.67 (1.46,1.92) |
Model 3a | 1(reference) | 0.99 (0.85,1.16) | 1.19 (1.04,1.37) | 1.25 (1.08,1.45) | 1.67 (1.46,1.92) |
Model 41 | 1(reference) | 0.99 (0.84,1.17) | 1.11 (0.96,1.30) | 1.13 (0.96,1.32) | 1.40 (1.20,1.63) |
Central obesity | |||||
Unadjusted | 1(reference) | 1.11 (0.96,1.27) | 1.16 (1.02,1.32) | 1.32 (1.15,1.52) | 1.60 (1.40,1.82) |
Model 1 | 1(reference) | 1.09 (0.95,1.26) | 1.15 (1.01,1.31) | 1.31 (1.13,1.50) | 1.60 (1.40,1.82) |
Model 2 | 1(reference) | 1.09 (0.95,1.26) | 1.15 (1.01,1.31) | 1.29 (1.12,1.49) | 1.59 (1.39,1.82) |
Model 3b | 1(reference) | 1.12 (0.97,1.30) | 1.18(1.03,1.34) | 1.32(1.14,1.52) | 1.61 (1.41,1.85) |
Model 42 | 1(reference) | 1.12 (0.95,1.31) | 1.06(0.91,1.23) | 1.15(0.98,1.35) | 1.29 (1.11,1.51) |
Hypertension | |||||
Unadjusted | 1(reference) | 1.00 (0.87,1.16) | 1.26 (1.10,1.45) | 1.41 (1.22,1.64) | 1.66 (1.44,1.91) |
Model 1 | 1(reference) | 1.03 (0.89,1.19) | 1.30 (1.13,1.49) | 1.46 (1.25,1.69) | 1.70 (1.47,1.96) |
Model 2 | 1(reference) | 1.03 (0.89,1.20) | 1.30 (1.13,1.50) | 1.45 (1.24,1.68) | 1.70 (1.47,1.96) |
Model 3c | 1(reference) | 1.07 (0.92,1.25) | 1.35 (1.18,1.560) | 1.52 (1.30,1.77) | 1.77 (1.53,2.06) |
Model 43 | 1(reference) | 1.07 (0.92,1.24) | 1.29 (1.12,1.49) | 1.40 (1.20,1.64) | 1.56 (1.34,1.83) |
CHD | |||||
Unadjusted | 1(reference) | 1.12 (0.97,1.30) | 1.15 (1.01,1.32) | 1.24 (1.08,1.43) | 1.34 (1.17,1.53) |
Model 1 | 1(reference) | 1.15 (1.00,1.33) | 1.17 (1.03,1.34) | 1.27 (1.10,1.46) | 1.35 (1.18,1.55) |
Model 2 | 1(reference) | 1.14 (0.99,1.32) | 1.16 (1.02,1.33) | 1.24 (1.07,1.43) | 1.33 (1.16,1.52) |
Model 3d | 1(reference) | 1.12 (0.97,1.30) | 1.11 (0.97,1.28) | 1.17 (1.01,1.35) | 1.24 (1.08,1.42) |
Model 44 | 1(reference) | 1.12 (0.96,1.30) | 1.10 (0.96,1.27) | 1.18 (1.02,1.37) | 1.26 (1.09,1.45) |
HF | |||||
Unadjusted | 1(reference) | 0.88 (0.60,1.31) | 1.29 (0.93,1.80) | 1.15 (0.80,1.65) | 1.70 (1.24,2.34) |
Model 1 | 1(reference) | 0.93 (0.63,1.38) | 1.34 (0.96,1.86) | 1.19 (0.83,1.72) | 1.72 (1.25,2.38) |
Model 2 | 1(reference) | 0.95 (0.64,1.41) | 1.32 (0.94,1.85) | 1.16 (0.81,1.68) | 1.67 (1.21,2.31) |
Model 3d | 1(reference) | 0.96 (0.65,1.43) | 1.33 (0.95,1.86) | 1.16 (0.81,1.68) | 1.65 (1.19,2.29) |
Model 44 | 1(reference) | 0.99 (0.66,1.47) | 1.30 (0.93,1.83) | 1.17 (0.81,1.70) | 1.61 (1.15,2.24) |
PAD | |||||
Unadjusted | 1(reference) | 0.69 (0.38 ,1.26) | 0.59 (0.34,1.05) | 0.93 (0.54,1.59) | 0.79 (0.46,1.34) |
Model 1 | 1(reference) | 0.72 (0.40,1.31) | 0.61 (0.34,1.07) | 0.96 (0.56,1.64) | 0.79 (0.46,1.34) |
Model 2 | 1(reference) | 0.73 (0.40,1.33) | 0.59 (0.33,1.04) | 0.92 (0.53,1.58) | 0.74 (0.43,1.26) |
Model 3 d | 1(reference) | 0.77 (0.42,1.40) | 0.62 (0.35,1.10) | 0.97 (0.56,1.67) | 0.76 (0.45,1.31) |
Model 44 | 1(reference) | 0.75 (0.41,1.37) | 0.60 (0.34,1.07) | 0.93 (0.54,1.61) | 0.70 (0.40,1.22) |
SUA levels (μmol/L) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
<230 | 230 ~ 270 | 270 ~ 310 | 310 ~ 360 | >360 | |
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |
MetS ATP | |||||
Unadjusted | 1(reference) | 1.13 (0.97,1.33) | 1.43 (1.23,1.66) | 1.81 (1.55,2.11) | 2.77 (2.39,3.21) |
Model 1 | 1(reference) | 1.13 (0.97,1.33) | 1.43 (1.23,1.66) | 1.81 (1.55,2.11) | 2.77 (2.39,3.22) |
Model 2 | 1(reference) | 1.13 (0.97,1.32) | 1.42 (1.22,1.65) | 1.79 (1.54,2.09) | 2.76 (2.38,3.21) |
Model 3a | 1(reference) | 1.12 (0.96,1.32) | 1.41 (1.21,1.64) | 1.78 (1.53,2.08) | 2.71 (2.34,3.16) |
Model 41 | 1(reference) | 1.08 (0.92,1.28) | 1.31 (1.12,1.54) | 1.62 (1.38,1.90) | 2.35 (2.00,2.75) |
MetS IDF | |||||
Unadjusted | 1(reference) | 1.01 (0.87,1.17) | 1.22 (1.06,1.42) | 1.41 (1.21,1.63) | 2.05 (1.77,2.37) |
Model 1 | 1(reference) | 1.01 (0.87,1.18) | 1.23 (1.06,1.42) | 1.42 (1.22,1.65) | 2.09 (1.80,2.42) |
Model 2 | 1(reference) | 1.00 (0.86,1.17) | 1.22 (1.05,1.42) | 1.40 (1.21,1.63) | 2.08 (1.80,2.42) |
Model 3a | 1(reference) | 1.00 (0.86,1.17) | 1.21 (1.05,1.41) | 1.40 (1.20,1.62) | 2.06 (1.77,2.39) |
Model 41 | 1(reference) | 0.94 (0.80,1.10) | 1.08 (0.92,1.26) | 1.20 (1.02,1.41) | 1.65 (1.41,1.94) |
Central obesity | |||||
Unadjusted | 1(reference) | 1.06 (0.90,1.25) | 1.19 (1.01,1.39) | 1.26 (1.07,1.48) | 1.50 (1.28,1.76) |
Model 1 | 1(reference) | 1.06 (0.91,1.25) | 1.19 (1.02,1.40) | 1.28 (1.08,1.50) | 1.56 (1.33,1.83) |
Model 2 | 1(reference) | 1.06 (0.90,1.25) | 1.19 (1.01,1.40) | 1.27 (1.08,1.49) | 1.56 (1.33,1.83) |
Model 3b | 1(reference) | 1.06 (0.90,1.25) | 1.18 (1.00,1.38) | 1.24 (1.05,1.46) | 1.49 (1.27,1.76) |
Model 42 | 1(reference) | 0.95 (0.80,1.14) | 0.95 (0.80,1.14) | 0.97 (0.80,1.16) | 1.04 (0.86,1.25) |
Hypertension | |||||
Unadjusted | 1(reference) | 1.11 (0.95,1.30) | 1.38 (1.18,1.61) | 1.75 (1.49,2.05) | 2.37 (2.02,2.78) |
Model 1 | 1(reference) | 1.11 (0.95,1.30) | 1.36 (1.16,1.59) | 1.68 (1.43,1.98) | 2.07 (1.76,2.44) |
Model 2 | 1(reference) | 1.10 (0.94,1.29) | 1.35 (1.15,1.58) | 1.67 (1.42,1.96) | 2.06 (1.75,2.43) |
Model 3c | 1(reference) | 1.10 (0.94,1.30) | 1.36 (1.15,1.60) | 1.65 (1.40,1.95) | 1.97 (1.67,2.33) |
Model 43 | 1(reference) | 1.06 (0.89,1.25) | 1.27 (1.08,1.50) | 1.50 (1.26,1.79) | 1.66 (1.39,1.98) |
CHD | |||||
Unadjusted | 1(reference) | 1.12 (0.95,1.32) | 1.22 (1.04,1.44) | 1.38 (1.18,1.63) | 1.68 (1.44,1.96) |
Model 1 | 1(reference) | 1.12 (0.95,1.33) | 1.21 (1.02,1.43) | 1.32 (1.02,1.43) | 1.44 (1.23,1.67) |
Model 2 | 1(reference) | 1.12 (0.94,1.33) | 1.20 (1.02,1.42) | 1.31 (1.11,1.54) | 1.42 (1.23,1.67) |
Model 3d | 1(reference) | 1.10 (0.93,1.31) | 1.15 (0.97,1.36) | 1.22 (1.03,1.45) | 1.30 (1.11,1.53) |
Model 44 | 1(reference) | 1.10 (0.92,1.31) | 1.14 (0.96,1.36) | 1.20 (1.01,1.42) | 1.27 (1.07,1.50) |
HF | |||||
Unadjusted | 1(reference) | 1.31 (0.85,2.04) | 1.34 (0.87,2.06) | 1.64 (1.08,2.47) | 2.89 (1.99,4.21) |
Model 1 | 1(reference) | 1.33 (0.86,2.07) | 1.33 (0.86,2.04) | 1.54 (1.01,2.34) | 2.31 (1.58,3.38) |
Model 2 | 1(reference) | 1.33 (0.85,2.07) | 1.32 (0.85,2.04) | 1.48 (0.97,2.26) | 2.27 (1.55,3.33) |
Model 3d | 1(reference) | 1.35 (0.87,2.11) | 1.28 (0.83,1.98) | 1.40 (0.92,2.14) | 2.13 (1.45,3.12) |
Model 44 | 1(reference) | 1.32 (0.85,2.07) | 1.22 (0.79,1.90) | 1.31 (0.85,2.01) | 1.91 (1.29,2.82) |
PAD | |||||
Unadjusted | 1(reference) | 1.15 (0.44,3.00) | 2.26 (0.99,5.19) | 1.84 (0.78,4.36) | 2.72 (1.23,6.02) |
Model 1 | 1(reference) | 1.15 (0.44,3.00) | 2.24 (0.98,5.13) | 1.77 (0.75,4.20) | 2.42 (1.09,5.39) |
Model 2 | 1(reference) | 1.15 (0.44,3.00) | 2.20 (0.96,5.05) | 1.68 (0.71,3.99) | 2.35 (1.05,5.24) |
Model 3d | 1(reference) | 1.20 (0.46,3.13) | 2.16 (0.94,4.97) | 1.55 (0.65,3.70) | 2.09 (0.93,4.68) |
Model 44 | 1(reference) | 1.16 (0.44,3.04) | 2.10 (0.91,4.87) | 1.59 (0.66,3.82) | 2.07 (0.91,4.71) |