Background
Patients
-
BMI <20 kg/m2 if <70 years of age, or <22 kg/m2 if > 70 years of age or
-
FFMI (fat-free mass index) <15 and 17 kg/m2 in women and men, respectively.
Methods
Laboratory parameters
Performance
Lung function
Quality of life and mental health
Mental health
Nutritional risk screening (NRS)
Role of the funding source
Statistical analysis
Results
Cachexia | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
no | yes | |||
number | % | number | % | |
GI tumors | 73 | 49,7% | 74 | 50,3% |
Gynecological tumors | 208 | 89,3% | 25 | 10,7% |
Hematopoetic tumors | 39 | 84,8% | 7 | 15,2% |
Lung tumors | 11 | 61,1% | 7 | 38,9% |
Urological tumors | 20 | 83,3% | 4 | 16,7% |
others | 18 | 56,3% | 14 | 43,8% |
Cachexia | |||
---|---|---|---|
no | yes |
p
| |
Median | Median | ||
BMI [kg/m2] | 24,6 | 20,9 | <0.001 |
Nutritional Risk Score | 1 | 3 | <0.001 |
FEV1 [l] | 2,80 | 2,76 | 0.616 |
vital capacity [l] | 3,5 | 3,4 | 0.688 |
IST capacity [%] | 106 | 96 | <0.001 |
ergometry [Watt] | 108 | 83 | <0.001 |
rel. performance [W/kg KG] | 1,53 | 1,34 | 0.008 |
maximal heart frequency [/min] | 153,0 | 145,5 | 0.070 |
Karnofsky-Index [%] | 9 | 8 | <0.001 |
Laboratory variables
Anemia parameters
Cachexia | Cachexia | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
no | yes |
p
| no | yes |
p
| ||
median | median | median | median | ||||
Sodium [mmol/l] | 141 | 140 | 0.007 | Calcium [mmol/l] | 2,39 | 2,33 | <0.001 |
Kalium [mmol/l] | 4,4 | 4,4 | 0,237 | Albumin [g/dl] | 4,50 | 4,30 | <0.001 |
Creatinine [mg/dl] | ,8 | ,8 | 0,042 | CRP [mg/dl] | ,1 | ,2 | 0.019 |
Urea [mg/dl] | 14 | 15 | 0,217 | Triglycerides [mg/dl] | 113 | 108 | 0.215 |
AP [U/l] | 70 | 87 | <0.001 | Glucose [mg/dl] | 93 | 94 | 0.452 |
Bilirubin [mg/dl] | ,4 | ,4 | 0,242 | Quick [%] | 100 | 98 | 0.167 |
GGT [U/l] | 23 | 35 | <0.001 | Leukocytes [G/l] | 5,39 | 6,03 | 0.054 |
GPT (ALAT) | 25 | 26 | 0.670 | Erythrocytes [T/l] | 4,3 | 4,0 | <0.001 |
GOT (ASAT) | 27 | 29 | 0.753 | Hemoglobin [g/dl] | 13,1 | 12,0 | <0.001 |
Cholinesterase [U/l] | 7792 | 6703 | <0.001 | Hematocrit [%] | 38,5 | 35,8 | <0.001 |
LDH [U/l] | 219 | 208 | 0.118 | Thrombocytes [G/l] | 232 | 243 | 0.150 |
Protein [g/dl] | 7,0 | 6,8 | <0.001 |
Serum albumin und protein values
Kidney function
Cachexia | |||
---|---|---|---|
no | yes |
p
| |
median | median | ||
Urinary creatinine [mg/dl] | 102 | 169 | 0.001 |
Urinary albumin [mg/g crea] | 9,9 | 9,9 | 0.053 |
Urinary protein [mg/g crea] | 77 | 82 | 0,025 |
Urinary alpha-1-microglobulin [mg/g crea] | 10 | 10 | 0.002 |
Urinary ß-NAG (U/g crea) [U/l] | 5 | 5 | 0.003 |
Urinary IgG [mg/l] | 4,3 | 6 | <0.001 |
Liver function and parameters of protein synthesis
Physical performance and lung function
Quality of life, mental health and food intake
Food intake
Cachexia | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
no | yes | ||||
number | % | number | % | ||
Calories intake/day | <500 kcal/d | 1 | 0,3% | 0 | 0,0% |
500 – 1000 kcal/d | 6 | 1,8% | 9 | 8,0% | |
1000 – 1500 kcal/d | 54 | 16,3% | 21 | 18,8% | |
1500 – 2000 kcal/d | 203 | 61,1% | 55 | 49,1% | |
2000 – 2500 kcal/d | 64 | 19,3% | 23 | 20,5% | |
>2500 kcal/d | 4 | 1,2% | 4 | 3,6% | |
Number of meals/day | <3 | 21 | 6,0% | 7 | 5,7% |
3 – 5 | 290 | 82,6% | 75 | 61,0% | |
>5 | 34 | 9,7% | 37 | 30,1% | |
4 | 3 | 0,9% | 0 | 0,0% | |
5 | 3 | 0,9% | 4 | 3,3% | |
Additional nutrition | no | 348 | 96,1% | 62 | 48,1% |
yes | 13 | 3,6% | 63 | 48,8% |
Cachexia | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
no | yes | ||||
number | median | number | median |
P
| |
Global Health Score | 329 | 58 | 116 | 50 | <0.001 |
Physical Functioning Score | 331 | 80 | 117 | 60 | <0.001 |
Role functioning score | 331 | 50 | 113 | 33 | 0.001 |
Emotional functioning score | 327 | 58 | 114 | 58 | 0.739 |
Cognitive functioning score | 338 | 83 | 116 | 83 | 0.976 |
Social functioning score | 331 | 67 | 118 | 50 | <0.001 |
Fatigue score | 330 | 56 | 116 | 67 | <0.001 |
Nausea & vomiting score | 338 | 0 | 118 | 0 | <0.001 |
Pain score | 327 | 33 | 116 | 33 | 0.211 |
Dyspnoe score | 339 | 33 | 118 | 33 | 0.908 |
Insomnia score | 340 | 33 | 118 | 33 | 0.752 |
Appetite loss score | 338 | 0 | 118 | 33 | <0.001 |
Constipation Score | 337 | 0 | 120 | 0 | 0.639 |
Diarrhoea score | 338 | 0 | 120 | 0 | <0.001 |
Financial difficulties score | 337 | 0 | 116 | 0 | 0.407 |
Score HADS depression | 336 | 5 | 118 | 6 | 0.172 |
Score HADS anxiety | 339 | 7 | 116 | 6 | 0.104 |
SF36 role – physical | 316 | 75 | 110 | 65 | <0.001 |
SF36 physical role function | 317 | 25 | 112 | 0 | 0.003 |
SF36 physical pain | 324 | 62 | 114 | 57 | 0.572 |
SF36 general health | 323 | 57 | 111 | 50 | 0.007 |
SF36 vitality | 333 | 45 | 114 | 40 | 0.003 |
SF36 social function | 332 | 69 | 118 | 50 | 0.002 |
SF36 role–emotional | 313 | 67 | 111 | 67 | 0.397 |
SF36 physical well-being | 327 | 64 | 111 | 60 | 0.377 |