Skip to main content
Erschienen in: International Journal of Public Health 8/2016

09.07.2016 | Original Article

The consequences of coping with stalking—results from the first qualitative study on stalking in Denmark

verfasst von: Katrine Bindesbøl Holm Johansen, Tine Tjørnhøj-Thomsen

Erschienen in: International Journal of Public Health | Ausgabe 8/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this article is to explore: (1) how victims of stalking experience the phenomenon in their daily life, (2) how the nature of stalking informs the victim’s internal coping strategies, and (3) how the victims’ internal coping strategies negatively affect their daily life and well-being.

Methods

Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 victims of stalking. Thematic content analysis was employed, and themes were primarily identified inductively and broad into dialogue with concepts, such as Foucault’s panopticism.

Results

The results of the study indicate that rather than the stalkers’ harassment itself; it is the unpredictability of the stalkers’ potential actions that inform the victims’ primary coping strategy—self-regulation. Self-regulation consists of various strategies victims employ to avoid the stalker. Our analysis shows that self-regulation as a coping strategy has social and psychological consequences for the victims, leading to various degrees of social isolation and apprehension.

Conclusions

We conclude that it is necessary to consider how professionals advise victims to cope with their situation as how legal measures should focus on the security of victims.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Amar AF (2006) College women’s experience of stalking: mental health symptoms and changes in routines. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 20:108–116CrossRefPubMed Amar AF (2006) College women’s experience of stalking: mental health symptoms and changes in routines. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 20:108–116CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Banyard VL, Graham-Bermann SA (1993) A gender analysis of theories of coping with stress. Psychol Women Quart 17:303–318CrossRef Banyard VL, Graham-Bermann SA (1993) A gender analysis of theories of coping with stress. Psychol Women Quart 17:303–318CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Baptiste I (2001) Qualitative data analysis: common phases, strategic differences. Forum Qual Sozialforschung/Forum Qual Soc Res 2(3) Baptiste I (2001) Qualitative data analysis: common phases, strategic differences. Forum Qual Sozialforschung/Forum Qual Soc Res 2(3)
Zurück zum Zitat Basile KC, Swahn MH, Chen J, Saltzman LE (2006) Stalking in the United States: recent national prevalence estimates. Am J Prev Med 31:172–175CrossRefPubMed Basile KC, Swahn MH, Chen J, Saltzman LE (2006) Stalking in the United States: recent national prevalence estimates. Am J Prev Med 31:172–175CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Baum K, Catalano S, Rand M, Rose K (2009) Stalking victimization in the United States. US Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics NCJ 224527 Baum K, Catalano S, Rand M, Rose K (2009) Stalking victimization in the United States. US Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics NCJ 224527
Zurück zum Zitat Boon JC, Sheridan L (2001) Stalker typologies: a law enforcement perspective. J Threat Assess 1:75–97CrossRef Boon JC, Sheridan L (2001) Stalker typologies: a law enforcement perspective. J Threat Assess 1:75–97CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bozovic M, Bentham J (1995) The panopticon writings. Verso, London Bozovic M, Bentham J (1995) The panopticon writings. Verso, London
Zurück zum Zitat Brewster MP (1998) An exploration of the experiences and needs of former intimate stalking victims. In: Final report submitted to the National Institute of Justice Brewster MP (1998) An exploration of the experiences and needs of former intimate stalking victims. In: Final report submitted to the National Institute of Justice
Zurück zum Zitat Campbell J, Moore R (2011) Self-perceptions of stalking victimization and impacts on victim reporting. Police Pract Res 12(6):506–517CrossRef Campbell J, Moore R (2011) Self-perceptions of stalking victimization and impacts on victim reporting. Police Pract Res 12(6):506–517CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Coleman FL (1997) Stalking behavior and the cycle of domestic violence. J Interpers Viol 12:420–432CrossRef Coleman FL (1997) Stalking behavior and the cycle of domestic violence. J Interpers Viol 12:420–432CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cox LJ (2006) Stalking: a qualitative study of women’s lived experiences. The Ohio State University Cox LJ (2006) Stalking: a qualitative study of women’s lived experiences. The Ohio State University
Zurück zum Zitat Cox L, Speziale B (2009) Survivors of stalking their voices and lived experiences. Affilia 24:5–18CrossRef Cox L, Speziale B (2009) Survivors of stalking their voices and lived experiences. Affilia 24:5–18CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Danneskiold-Samsøe S, Mørck Y, Sørensen BW (2011) Familien betyder alt. Frydenlund Academic, Frederiksberg C Danneskiold-Samsøe S, Mørck Y, Sørensen BW (2011) Familien betyder alt. Frydenlund Academic, Frederiksberg C
Zurück zum Zitat Davis KE, Frieze IH, Maiuro RD (2002) Stalking: perspectives on victims and perpetrators. Springer Publishing Company, New York, USA Davis KE, Frieze IH, Maiuro RD (2002) Stalking: perspectives on victims and perpetrators. Springer Publishing Company, New York, USA
Zurück zum Zitat De Fazio L (2011) Criminalization of stalking in Italy: one of the last among the current European member states’ anti-stalking laws. Behav Sci Law 29:317–323CrossRefPubMed De Fazio L (2011) Criminalization of stalking in Italy: one of the last among the current European member states’ anti-stalking laws. Behav Sci Law 29:317–323CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Dressing H, Kuehner C, Gass P (2005) Lifetime prevalence and impact of stalking in a European population Epidemiological data from a middle-sized German city. Br J Psychiatry 187:168–172CrossRefPubMed Dressing H, Kuehner C, Gass P (2005) Lifetime prevalence and impact of stalking in a European population Epidemiological data from a middle-sized German city. Br J Psychiatry 187:168–172CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Emerson RM, Kerry OF, Carol BG (1998) On being stalked. Soc Probl 45(3):289–314CrossRef Emerson RM, Kerry OF, Carol BG (1998) On being stalked. Soc Probl 45(3):289–314CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Flick, U (2004) Triangulation in qualitative research. In: Flick U, von Kardorff E, Steinke I (eds) A companion to qualitative research. SAGE, London, pp 178–183 Flick, U (2004) Triangulation in qualitative research. In: Flick U, von Kardorff E, Steinke I (eds) A companion to qualitative research. SAGE, London, pp 178–183
Zurück zum Zitat Foucault M (1977) Discipline and punish: the birth of the prison. Random House LLC, New York, USA Foucault M (1977) Discipline and punish: the birth of the prison. Random House LLC, New York, USA
Zurück zum Zitat Fraser C, Olsen E, Lee K, Southworth C, Tucker S (2010) The new age of stalking: technological implications for stalking. Juv Fam Court J 61(4):39–55CrossRef Fraser C, Olsen E, Lee K, Southworth C, Tucker S (2010) The new age of stalking: technological implications for stalking. Juv Fam Court J 61(4):39–55CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Geistman J, Smith B, Lambert EG, Cluse-Tolar T (2013) What to do about stalking: a preliminary study of how stalking victims responded to stalking and their perceptions of the effectiveness of these actions☆. Crim Just Stud 26:43–66 Geistman J, Smith B, Lambert EG, Cluse-Tolar T (2013) What to do about stalking: a preliminary study of how stalking victims responded to stalking and their perceptions of the effectiveness of these actions☆. Crim Just Stud 26:43–66
Zurück zum Zitat Hsieh H-F, Shannon SE (2005) Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res 15:1277–1288CrossRefPubMed Hsieh H-F, Shannon SE (2005) Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res 15:1277–1288CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Isdal P (2000) Meningen med volden. Kommuneforlaget, Oslo, NO Isdal P (2000) Meningen med volden. Kommuneforlaget, Oslo, NO
Zurück zum Zitat Johansen KBH, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T, Helweg-Larsen K (2013) Stalking i Danmark: En kortlægning af erfaringer, konsekvenser og støttebehov. Syddansk Universitet, Statens Institut for Folkesundhed Johansen KBH, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T, Helweg-Larsen K (2013) Stalking i Danmark: En kortlægning af erfaringer, konsekvenser og støttebehov. Syddansk Universitet, Statens Institut for Folkesundhed
Zurück zum Zitat Kotarba JA, Johnson JM (2002) Postmodern existential sociology. Rowman Altamira, Walnut Creek Kotarba JA, Johnson JM (2002) Postmodern existential sociology. Rowman Altamira, Walnut Creek
Zurück zum Zitat Kraaij V, Arensman E, Garnefski N, Kremers I (2007) The role of cognitive coping in female victims of stalking. J Interpers Viol 22:1603–1612CrossRef Kraaij V, Arensman E, Garnefski N, Kremers I (2007) The role of cognitive coping in female victims of stalking. J Interpers Viol 22:1603–1612CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kutcher S (1982) The gaslight syndrome. Can J Psychiatry/La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie 27(3):224–227 Kutcher S (1982) The gaslight syndrome. Can J Psychiatry/La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie 27(3):224–227
Zurück zum Zitat Logan T, Walker R (2009) Partner stalking: psychological dominance or” business as usual”? Trauma Viol Abuse Logan T, Walker R (2009) Partner stalking: psychological dominance or” business as usual”? Trauma Viol Abuse
Zurück zum Zitat Logan T, Cole J, Shannon L (2006) Partner stalking: How women respond, cope, and survive. Springer Publishing Company, New York Logan T, Cole J, Shannon L (2006) Partner stalking: How women respond, cope, and survive. Springer Publishing Company, New York
Zurück zum Zitat Longino HE, Alcoff L, Potter E (2002) Subjects, power, and knowledge: Description and prescription in feminist philosophies of science. Knowl Inquiry Read Epistemol 385–404 Longino HE, Alcoff L, Potter E (2002) Subjects, power, and knowledge: Description and prescription in feminist philosophies of science. Knowl Inquiry Read Epistemol 385–404
Zurück zum Zitat Melton HC (2007) Stalking in the context of intimate partner abuse in the victims’ words. Femin Criminol 2:347–363CrossRef Melton HC (2007) Stalking in the context of intimate partner abuse in the victims’ words. Femin Criminol 2:347–363CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mullen PE, Pathé M, Purcell R (2000) Stalkers and their victims. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Mullen PE, Pathé M, Purcell R (2000) Stalkers and their victims. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Zurück zum Zitat Sheridan L, Lyndon AE (2010) The influence of prior relationship, gender, and fear on the consequences of stalking victimization. Sex Roles 66:340–350CrossRef Sheridan L, Lyndon AE (2010) The influence of prior relationship, gender, and fear on the consequences of stalking victimization. Sex Roles 66:340–350CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sheridan LP, Blaauw E, Davies GM (2003) Stalking knowns and unknowns. Trauma Viol Abuse 4:148–162CrossRef Sheridan LP, Blaauw E, Davies GM (2003) Stalking knowns and unknowns. Trauma Viol Abuse 4:148–162CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Snel E, Staring R (2001) Poverty, migration, and coping strategies: an introduction Focaal European. J Anthropol 38:7–22 Snel E, Staring R (2001) Poverty, migration, and coping strategies: an introduction Focaal European. J Anthropol 38:7–22
Zurück zum Zitat Spitzberg BH (2002) The tactical topography of stalking victimization and management. Trauma Viol Abuse 3:261–288CrossRef Spitzberg BH (2002) The tactical topography of stalking victimization and management. Trauma Viol Abuse 3:261–288CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Spitzberg BH, Cupach WR (2007) The state of the art of stalking: taking stock of the emerging literature. Aggress Viol Behav 12:64–86CrossRef Spitzberg BH, Cupach WR (2007) The state of the art of stalking: taking stock of the emerging literature. Aggress Viol Behav 12:64–86CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Spitzberg BH, Cupach WR (2014) The dark side of relationship pursuit: from attraction to obsession and stalking. Routledge, New York Spitzberg BH, Cupach WR (2014) The dark side of relationship pursuit: from attraction to obsession and stalking. Routledge, New York
Zurück zum Zitat Wood D (2002) Foucault and panopticism revisited. Surveill Soc 1:234–239 Wood D (2002) Foucault and panopticism revisited. Surveill Soc 1:234–239
Metadaten
Titel
The consequences of coping with stalking—results from the first qualitative study on stalking in Denmark
verfasst von
Katrine Bindesbøl Holm Johansen
Tine Tjørnhøj-Thomsen
Publikationsdatum
09.07.2016
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
International Journal of Public Health / Ausgabe 8/2016
Print ISSN: 1661-8556
Elektronische ISSN: 1661-8564
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-016-0851-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2016

International Journal of Public Health 8/2016 Zur Ausgabe