Background
Methods
Study design and patients
Procedure
Treatment as usual and intervention
Outcomes
Motivation covariates
Statistical analyses
Results
Variable | Total (n = 169) | Intervention group (n = 84) | Control group (n = 85) |
---|---|---|---|
Age mean (SD), years | 40.7 (9.8) | 40.6 (9.4) | 40.7 (10.2) |
Gender, N (%) | |||
- Male | 127 (75.1) | 61 (72.6) | 66 (77.6) |
Patients > 50% medication adherence, N (%) | 135 (79.9) | 68 (80.0) | 67 (79.8) |
Place of treatment, N (%) | |||
- The Hague | 46 (27.2) | 18 (21.4) | 18 (21.2) |
- Rotterdam | 123 (72.8) | 66 (78.6) | 67 (78.8) |
Substance use disorder, N (%) | 94 (55.6) | 48 (57.1) | 46 (54.1) |
Antipsychotic Medication side effects, mean (SD) | 4,8 (4,0) | 5,3 (4,0) | 4,3 (3,9) |
Illness insight; median (interquartile range) (range 1–7) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) |
Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS), N (%) | |||
- No motivational problems | 136 (80.4) | 66 (78.6) | 70 (82.3) |
- Severe motivational problems | 28 (16.6) | 17 (20.2) | 11 (12.9) |
- Item missing | 5 (3.0) | 1 (1.2) | 4 (4.8) |
Treatment Entry Questionnaire, (TEQ) N (%) | 85 (50.3) | 42 (50.0) | 43 (50.6) |
- External motivation; mean (SD), (range 12–84) | 18.4 (7.8) | 17.6 (8.1) | 19.0 (7.6) |
- Introjected motivation; mean (SD), (range 6–42) | 18.7 (10.6) | 19.3 (9.4) | 18.2 (9.4) |
- Identified motivation; mean (SD), (range 9–63) | 28.5 (10.0) | 28.6 (10.9) | 28.5 (9.2) |
Trajectories of motivation (baseline – 12 months)
Main effects on motivation subtypes
Motivation covariates
External motivation | Introjected motivation | Identified motivation | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | p value | β | 95% CI | p value | β | 95% CI | p value | |
Intercept | 12.45 | 2.96; 21.94 | 0.011 | 5.71 | −6.01; 17.41 | 0.341 | 7.41 | −3.85; 18.67 | 0.197 |
Condition | 0.37 | −2.49; 3.23 | 0.799 | − 2.39 | −6.22; 1.44 | 0.222 | −0.91 | −4.42; 2.61 | 0.613 |
Gender | 1.61 | −1.82; 5.04 | 0.358 | 0.57 | −4.09; 5.24 | 0.811 | −3.76 | −8.04; 0.52 | 0.085 |
Substance use | 1.09 | −1.88; 4.06 | 0.472 | 0.77 | −3.26; 4.79 | 0.708 | −0.28 | −3.97; 3.42 | 0.884 |
Medication adherence baselinea | −0.03 | −0.11; 0.06 | 0.548 | 0.04 | −0.07; 0.16 | 0.506 | 0.09 | −0.02; 0.19 | 0.103 |
Motivation baselineb | 0.43 | 0.25; 0.61 | < 0.001 | 0.61 | 0.41; 0.81 | < 0.001 | 0.56 | 0.39; 0.72 | < 0.001 |
Medication side-effects | −0.12 | −0.54; 0.29 | 0.571 | −0.11 | −0.67; 0.46 | 0.714 | 0.34 | −0.16; 0.84 | 0.181 |
Illness insight | −0.29 | −1.13; 0.54 | 0.486 | −1.33 | −2.47; − 0.19 | 0.023 | −1.65 | −2.72; − 0.59 | 0.002 |
Medication adherence 12 months | −0.03 | − 0.14; 0.07 | 0.542 | − 0.02 | −0.16; 0.12 | 0.796 | 0.02 | −0.11; 0.15 | 0.711 |