Introduction
Background
Methods
Design
Data collection
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Gross motor functions:—“Can walk on their own without falling”
-
Fine motor function:—“Can use pen-like objects for drawing random patterns”
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Language:—“Can imitate adult conversations”
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Social/personal:—“Can imitate actions performed by others”
Analysis
Results
Parameters at 6 months of age | Adolescent mothers | Adult mothers |
P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N
| % |
N
| % | ||
Gender | |||||
Male | 288 | 51.43 % | 10150 | 53.93 % | .506 |
Female | 272 | 48.57 % | 9158 | 48.66 % | – |
Postpartum depression | |||||
Yes | 84 | 15.00 % | 3383 | 17.97 % | .983 |
No | 471 | 84.11 % | 15904 | 84.50 % | – |
Primary night-time caregiver | |||||
Not mother | 165 | 29.46 % | 9962 | 52.93 % | .00094 |
Mother | 391 | 69.82 % | 9267 | 49.24 % | – |
Birth weight | |||||
<2500 g | 54 | 9.64 % | 1297 | 6.89 % | .051 |
≧2500 g | 505 | 90.18 % | 17969 | 95.47 % | 0– |
Premature birth | |||||
<37 weeks | 80 | 14.29 % | 2137 | 11.35 % | .691 |
≧37 weeks | 480 | 85.71 % | 17171 | 91.23 % | – |
Family function | |||||
dysfunction | 262 | 46.79 % | 7589 | 40.32 % | .013 |
Normal | 284 | 50.71 % | 11590 | 61.58 % | – |
Total | 560 | – | 18821 | – | – |
Adolescent mothers | Adult mothers |
p value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (cm) | SD (%) | Mean (cm) | SD (%) | ||
0 Month | 49.26 | 2.59 | 49.76 | 2.51 | <0.001 |
6 months | 67.22 | 2.83 | 67.56 | 2.79 | .027 |
18 Months | 80.81 | 3.39 | 81.71 | 3.32 | <0.001 |
36 Months | 95.54 | 3.82 | 95.87 | 4.14 | .074 |
Adolescent mothers | Adult mothers |
p value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (kg) | SD (%) | Mean (kg) | SD (%) | ||
0 Month | 3.00 | 0.46 | 3.13 | 0.43 | <0.001 |
6 months | 8.05 | 1.08 | 8.05 | 0.98 | .943 |
18 Months | 10.98 | 1.36 | 11.11 | 1.33 | .109 |
36 Months | 14.95 | 2.17 | 14.95 | 2.20 | .969 |
Adolescent mothers | Adult mothers |
p value | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Complete | Incomplete | Complete | Incomplete | ||||||
Development |
n
| % |
n
| % |
n
| % |
n
| % | |
Gross motor functions | 547 | 97.68 % | 13 | 2.32 % | 18429 | 97.92 % | 392 | 2.08 % | 0.42 |
Fine motor function | 526 | 93.93 % | 34 | 6.07 % | 17806 | 94.61 % | 1015 | 5.39 % | 0.42 |
Language | 550 | 98.21 % | 10 | 1.79 % | 18513 | 98.36 % | 308 | 1.64 % | 0.42 |
Social/personal | 536 | 95.71 % | 24 | 4.29 % | 18309 | 97.28 % | 512 | 2.72 % | 0.1 |
Discussion
Infant development milestones | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | β | SE | OR (95 % CI) | |
Gross motor functions | ||||
Gender (female vs. male) | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.09 (0.01 ~ 0.18) | |
Maternal perceived health status | 3.05E–04 | 1.38E–04 | 3.05E–04 (3.3754E-05 ~ 5.76E-1) | |
Fine motor function | ||||
Gender (female vs. male) | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.12 (0.01 ~ 0.25) | |
Postpartum Depression (no vs. yes) | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.12 (0.03 ~ 0.20) | |
Night-Time Caregiver (mother vs non-mother) | 0.19 | 0.05 | 0.19 (0.09 ~ 0.28) | |
Low Birth Weight (yes vs. no) | 0.25 | 0.09 | 0.25 (0.09 ~ 0.42) | |
Family (dysfunction vs. normal) | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.18 (0.12 ~ 0.25) | |
Preterm Labor (yes vs. no) | 0.42 | 0.07 | 0.42 (0.29 ~ 0.56) | |
Maternal perceived health status | 1.98E–04 | 3.23E–04 | 1.98E–04 (4.33E-3 ~ 8.30E-3) | |
Language | ||||
Gender (female vs. male) | 0.71 | 0.06 | 0.71 (0.59 ~ 0.84) | |
Low Birth Weight (yes vs. no) | 0.4 | 0.16 | 0.4 (0.08 ~ 0.72) | |
Family (dysfunction vs. normal) | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.22 (0.10 ~ 0.34) | |
Preterm Labor (yes vs. no) | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.25 (0.01 ~ 0.51) | |
Social/Personal | ||||
Low Birth Weight (yes vs. no) | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.25 (0.10 ~ 0.60) | |
Maternal age | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.28 (0.00 ~ 0.55) | |
Gender (female vs. male) | 0.27 | 0.05 | 0.27 (0.17 ~ 0.38) | |
Night-Time Caregiver (mother vs non-mother) | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.17 (0.01 ~ 0.33) |