Global epidemic of obesity is one of the major health issues in the twenty-first century which influence many aspects of public health, including psychosocial and socio-economic aspects. According to the latest report of WHO, in 2011 the amount of people with BMI >30 reaches 0.5 mld which is 10% of the world population. It is worth noting that almost double increase of percentage of people with morbid obesity has been observed during last 30 years [
1]. Correlations between metabolic changes examined for decades finally allowed scientists to define metabolic syndrome—MS (described also as syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome, deadly quartet) as a coexistence of abdominal obesity, hypertension, accelerated level of glucose, and disorders in lipid management [
2‐
5]. The best known are definitions of
World Health Organization from 1998, definition of
American Diabetes Association (the most frequently applied and with historical background), and the latest definition of
International Diabetes Federation [
6‐
8]
. In Poland, in accordance with AHA–NHLBI definition, 23% of men and 20% of women meet the criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome [
9]. The results of epidemiological tests indicate significant dissemination of occurrence of metabolic syndrome in USA as well as in Europe. It is estimated that among adult citizens of developed countries, 30–35% of middle-aged people meet the criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome [
10]. The scale of the problem is illustrated by the fact that patients with diagnosed metabolic syndrome are three times more likely to collapse for a heart attack or stroke and five times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes [
11‐
13]. To detain or to decrease the rate of rising amount of patients with metabolic disorders (including obese patients) is now one of the major medical challenges. Currently, in connection with the development of bariatric surgery, which provides long-lasting effects in obesity treatment, it is also reasonable to search for the methods that would not only constantly reduce body mass but would also would normalize lipid management and bring the best therapeutic results in treatment of type 2 diabetes [
14]. The popularity of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), a relatively new bariatric procedure among all surgical methods of treating obesity, has been growing gradually for last 5 years in accordance with long-lasting and promising effects. Hess performed sleeve gastrectomy for the first time in 1988 as part of a duodenal switch (DS) with biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) [
15]. Johnston et al. presented this method in 1993 as an isolated technique, and in 1999 the first laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was conducted as part of BPD–DS [
16,
17]. The procedure is now performed laparoscopically and consists of total gastric resection of the fundus and body from the greater curvature and creation of long, tubular gastric conduit constructed along the lesser curvature of the stomach. Weight loss and improvement in parameters of metabolic syndrome are connected with the resection of the stomach and with following neurohormonal changes. Currently, LSG is recommended as an isolated, definite, and efficient bariatric surgery providing effects not only in morbid obesity treatment but also in improvement of diabetes (DMT2) and metabolic syndrome (MS) [
18‐
20]. Due to the fact that SG is one of the youngest methods of treating morbid obesity, there is some kind of a gap in the world literature concerning the influence of this bariatric procedure on parameters of metabolic syndrome and co-morbidities of obesity. The aim of our research is to determine changes in parameters of metabolic syndrome (BMI, blood pressure, glucose concentration, HDL, triglycerides) 1 year after the surgery in 130 obese patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy. The influence of LSG on insulin, and total and LDL cholesterol concentration in plasma of obese patients and the influence of reduction in body mass on co-morbidities were also analyzed.