Background
Methods
Design and participants
Measurements
Physical activity
Perceived neighborhood environments
Demographic variables
Statistical analysis
Results
Sample and demographic data
Items | Total | Low level | Moderate level | High level |
X
2a
|
P
b
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Sex | 0.099 | .952 | ||||
Male | 195 (35.8) | 113 (35.3) | 54 (36.5) | 28 (36.8) | ||
Female | 349 (64.2) | 207 (64.7) | 94 (63.5) | 48 (63.2) | ||
Age | 11.619 | .071 | ||||
18–34 | 141 (26.0) | 95 (29.9) | 29 (19.5) | 17 (22.4) | ||
35–49 | 151 (27.8) | 90 (28.3) | 41 (27.5) | 20 (26.3) | ||
50–64 | 151 (27.8) | 74 (23.2) | 49 (32.9) | 28 (36.8) | ||
≥ 65 | 100 (18.4) | 59 (18.6) | 30 (20.1) | 11 (14.5) | ||
Education | 2.225 | .694 | ||||
< Junior high school | 117 (21.5) | 75 (23.4) | 26 (17.4) | 16 (21.1) | ||
Senior high school | 269 (49.4) | 154 (48.1) | 78 (52.3) | 37 (48.7) | ||
> College | 159 (29.2) | 91 (28.4) | 45 (30.2) | 23 (30.3) | ||
BMIc | 0.373 | .830 | ||||
< 24 | 299 (54.7) | 175 (54.2) | 80 (54.1) | 44 (57.9) | ||
≥ 24 | 248 (45.3) | 148 (45.8) | 68 (45.9) | 32 (42.1) | ||
Urbanizationd | 0.047 | .977 | ||||
Urban | 383 (70.0) | 224 (69.8) | 105 (70.0) | 54 (71.1) | ||
Rural | 164 (30.0) | 97 (30.2) | 45 (30.0) | 22 (28.9) |
Perceived neighborhood environment
Items | Low level | Moderate level | High level |
X
2 a
|
P
b
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Access to services and stores | |||||
No | 94(29.3) | 30 (20.0) | 13 (17.1) | 7.658 | .022* |
Yes | 227 (70.7) | 120 (80.0) | 63 (82.9) | ||
Access to traffic stops | |||||
No | 122 (38.0) | 64 (42.7) | 23 (30.3) | 3.300 | .192 |
Yes | 199 (62.0) | 86 (57.3) | 53 (69.7) | ||
Access to recreational facilities | |||||
No | 69 (21.5) | 24 (16.0) | 8 (10.5) | 5.745 | .057 |
Yes | 252 (78.5) | 126 (84.0) | 68 (89.5) | ||
Access to walking infrastructure | |||||
No | 177 (56.5) | 67 (46.5) | 29 (39.2) | 9.108 | .011* |
Yes | 136 (43.5) | 77 (53.5) | 45 (60.8) | ||
Quality of walking infrastructure | |||||
No | 107 (53.2) | 51 (46.8) | 17 (31.5) | 8.171 | .017* |
Yes | 94 (46.8) | 58 (53.2) | 37 (68.5) | ||
Access to bike lanes | |||||
No | 200 (62.5) | 93 (62.0) | 50 (66.7) | .530 | .767 |
Yes | 120 (37.5) | 57 (38.0) | 25 (33.3) | ||
Safety from crime | |||||
No | 173 (54.1) | 71 (47.3) | 40 (52.6) | 1.866 | .393 |
Yes | 147 (45.9) | 79 (52.7) | 36 (47.4) | ||
Street connectivity | |||||
No | 102 (32.2) | 40 (26.7) | 14 (18.7) | 5.853 | .054 |
Yes | 215 (67.8) | 110 (73.3) | 61 (81.3) | ||
Traffic safety | |||||
No | 149 (48.5) | 47 (31.5) | 24 (32.4) | 14.846 | <.001*** |
Yes | 158 (51.5) | 102 (68.5) | 50 (67.6) | ||
Air pollution | |||||
No | 179 (56.1) | 76 (50.7) | 43 (56.6) | 1.350 | .509 |
Yes | 140 (43.9) | 74 (49.3) | 33 (43.4) | ||
Seeing many physically active people in the neighborhood | |||||
No | 117 (36.8) | 39 (26.0) | 14 (18.7) | 11.986 | .002** |
Yes | 201 (63.2) | 111 (74.0) | 61 (81.3) | ||
Aesthetics | |||||
No | 127 (39.8) | 42 (28.0) | 20 (26.7) | 8.781 | .012* |
Yes | 192 (60.2) | 108 (72.0) | 55 (73.3) |
Self-report of physical activity
Association between the neighborhood environment and physical activity
Model 1c | Model 2d | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Moderate level PA | High level PA | Moderate level PA | High level PA | |
ORa (95% CI)b | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Perceived environmental factors | ||||
Access to services and stores | 1.63 (0.96–2.78) | 2.02 (0.94–4.34) | 1.90 (1.07–3.37)* | 2.25 (1.01–5.01)* |
Access to recreational facilities | 0.86 (0.47–1.56) | 1.12 (0.47–2.67) | 0.72 (0.38–1.33) | 0.90 (0.37–2.20) |
Access to walking infrastructure | 1.07 (0.69–1.66) | 1.36 (0.77–2.41) | 1.08 (0.68–1.70) | 1.33 (0.73–2.42) |
Traffic safety | 1.78 (1.14–2.76)* | 1.57 (0.88–2.80) | 1.77 (1.12–2.80)* | 1.61 (0.88–2.94) |
Seeing many physically active people | 1.21 (0.72–2.04) | 1.68 (0.82–3.44) | 1.38 (0.80–2.39) | 2.40 (1.11–5.23)* |
Aesthetics | 1.31 (0.79–2.17) | 1.04 (0.53–2.02) | 1.28 (0.78–2.16) | 0.98 (0.49–1.94) |
Demographic data | ||||
Sex | ||||
Male | 1.28 (0.76–2.16) | 1.35 (0.76–2.39) | ||
Female | 1 | 1 | ||
Age (years) | ||||
18–34 | 0.40 (0.19–0.85)* | 0.76 (0.27–2.12) | ||
35–49 | 0.63 (0.32–1.25) | 0.91 (0.35–2.37) | ||
50–64 | 1.12 (0.59–2.12) | 1.99 (0.85–4.66) | ||
≥ 65 | 1 | 1 | ||
Education level | ||||
< Junior high school | 0.40 (019–0.83)* | 0.64 (0.26–1.55) | ||
Senior high school | 0.81 (0.49–1.35) | 0.65 (0.34–1.26) | ||
> College | 1 | 1 | ||
Urbanization | ||||
Urban | 0.61 (0.37–1.01) | 0.71 (0.36–1.37) | ||
Rural | 1 | 1 | ||
AICe | 254.9 | 729.2 | ||
Nagelkerke’s R2 | 6.5% | 11.7% |