Introduction
Materials and Methods
MCCB Translation and Study Design
Participants
Procedure
Results
Test–Retest Reliability
Tests | Test scores used | Pearson’s coefficient (r) |
---|---|---|
Speed of processing | ||
Category fluency test, animal naming | Total number of animals named in 60 s | 0.71 |
Trail making test, Part A (TMT-A) | Time to completion | 0.80 |
Brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia, symbol coding subtest (BACS SC) | Total number correct | 0.91 |
Attention/vigilance | ||
Continuous performance test––identical pairs version (CPT-IP) | Mean d’ value across 2-, 3-, and 4-digit conditions | 0.83 |
Working memory | ||
Letter-number span test (LNS) | Number of correct trials | 0.73 |
Wechsler memory scale, spatial span subtest (WMS-III SS) | Sum of raw scores on forward and backward conditions | 0.69 |
Verbal learning | ||
Hopkins verbal learning test––revised, immediate recall (HVLT-R) | Total number of words recalled correctly over three learning trials | 0.80 |
Visual learning | ||
Brief visuospatial memory test-revised (BVMT-R) | Total recall score over 3 learning trials | 0.78 |
Reasoning and problem solving | ||
Neuropsychological assessment battery, mazes subtest (NAB Mazes) | Total raw score | 0.74 |
Social cognition | ||
Mayer-Salovey-Caruso emotional intelligence test, managing emotions branch (MSCEIT ME) | Branch score using general consensus scoring | 0.82 |
Utility as a Repeated Measure
Tests | T1 mean (SD) | T2 mean (SD) | T2−T1 mean difference (SD) |
t test (p value) | d-Cohen effect size | Floor/ceiling effect (n out of 61 in T1 and T2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Speed of processing | ||||||
Fluency | 22.1 (6.5) | 23.9 (6.3) | 1.8 (4.9)* | 2.85 (p < 0.01) | 0.27 | 0/0 |
TMT-A | 40.6 (16.8) | 34.8 (14.1) | −5.8 (10.1)* | −4.52 (p < 0.001) | 0.35 | 0/0 |
BACS SC | 45.0 (10.9) | 47.9 (11.0) | 2.9 (4.5)* | 4.91 (p < 0.001) | 0.26 | 0/0 |
Attention/vigilance | ||||||
CPT-IP | 2.1 (0.7) | 2.3 (0.7) | 0.2 (0.4)* | 3.85 (p < 0.001) | 0.29 | 0/0 |
Working memory | ||||||
LNS | 13.6 (3.2) | 14.4 (3.1) | 0.8 (2.3) | 2.66 (p = 0.01) | 0.24 | 0/1 |
WMS-III SS | 16.0 (3.4) | 15.6 (3.6) | −0.4 (2.7) | −0.89 (p = 0.38) | 0.09 | 0/0 |
Verbal learning | ||||||
HVLT-R | 23.3 (6.1) | 24.9 (5.9) | 1.6 (3.8)* | 3.23 (p < 0.01) | 0.26 | 0/0 |
Visual learning | ||||||
BVMT-R | 24.5 (7.5) | 26.7 (7.5) | 2.2 (4.9)* | 3.51 (p < 0.001) | 0.29 | 0/1 |
Reasoning and problem solving | ||||||
NAB Mazes | 15.1 (6.2) | 17.5 (6.7) | 2.4 (4.7)* | 3.95 (p < 0.001) | 0.38 | 0/5 |
Social cognition | ||||||
MSCEIT ME | 87.6 (10.6) | 89.5 (10.2) | 1.9 (6.2)* | 2.34 (p = .02) | 0.17 | 0/0 |
Relationship with Functional Outcome
Correlations | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level of function scale (SCLOF) | Global assessment of functioning (GAF) | |||||
Domain and tests | Global | Work subscale | Social contact subscale | Functioning subscale | Symptomatology subscale | |
Composite score | 0.47** | 0.35** | 0.40** | 0.47** | 0.33* | 0.49** |
Speed of processing | ||||||
Fluency | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.25 | 0.14 | 0.22 |
TMT-A | −0.49** | −0.33* | −0.47** | −0.50** | −0.31* | −0.44** |
BACS SC | 0.41** | 0.34** | 0.31* | 0.37** | 0.33* | 0.42** |
Attention/vigilance | ||||||
CPT-IP | 0.33** | 0.21 | 0.32* | 0.38** | 0.17 | 0.36** |
Working memory | ||||||
LNS | 0.44** | 0.27* | 0.41** | 0.38** | 0.38** | 0.44** |
WMS-III SS | 0.38** | 0.38** | 0.27* | 0.36** | 0.24 | 0.39** |
Verbal learning | ||||||
HVLT-R | 0.28* | 0.17 | 0.25* | 0.24 | 0.27* | 0.23 |
Visual learning | ||||||
BVMT-R | 0.20 | 0.09 | 0.33* | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.24 |
Reasoning and problem solving | ||||||
NAB Mazes | 0.34** | 0.32** | 0.26* | 0.36** | 0.15 | 0.30* |
Social cognition | ||||||
MSCEIT ME | 0.32* | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.37** | 0.30** | 0.38** |
Practicality and Tolerability
Domain, and tests | Practicality | Tolerability | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Global | Setup | Administration | Scoring | Participant ratings: difficult–easy | Participant ratings: pleasant–unpleasant | Administration time (minutes) | |
Mean (SD) | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | |
Speed of processing | |||||||
Fluency | 6.51 (0.63) | 6.95 | 6.00 | 6.58 | 5.59 | 5.74 | 1.78 |
TMT-A | 6.96 (0.14) | 6.97 | 6.93 | 6.98 | 6.23 | 6.39 | 2.14 |
BACS SC | 6.89 (0.23) | 6.92 | 6.92 | 6.85 | 5.31 | 5.70 | 2.76 |
Attention/vigilance | |||||||
CPT-IP | 6.56 (0.74) | 6.43 | 6.55 | 6.68 | 3.95 | 4.66 | 13.78 |
Working memory | |||||||
LNS | 6.55 (0.69) | 6.68 | 6.33 | 6.63 | 3.77 | 4.70 | 6.86 |
WMS-III SS | 5.77 (0.69) | 6.33 | 5.00 | 5.98 | 4.28 | 5.11 | 6.96 |
Verbal learning | |||||||
HVLT-R | 6.61 (0.58) | 6.78 | 6.38 | 6.65 | 4.02 | 4.70 | 4.55 |
Visual learning | |||||||
BVMT-R | 6.37 (.69) | 6.62 | 6.35 | 6.13 | 3.98 | 4.89 | 5.57 |
Reasoning and problem solving | |||||||
NAB Mazes | 6.42 (0.67) | 6.62 | 6.12 | 6.53 | 4.44 | 5.33 | 11.4 |
Social cognition | |||||||
MSCEIT ME | 6.00 (0.86) | 6.53 | 6.38 | 6.08 | 4.52 | 4.89 | 14.68 |