Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 3/2009

01.03.2009 | Review

The possible involvement of virus in breast cancer

verfasst von: Marla Karine Amarante, Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe

Erschienen in: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology | Ausgabe 3/2009

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

It is well known that the etiology of human breast cancer is significantly affected by environmental factors. Virus-associated cancer refers to a cancer where viral infection results in the malignant transformation of the host’s infected cells. Human papillomaviruses (HPV), mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) and Epstein–Barr (EBV) virus are prime candidate viruses as agents of human breast cancer. The precise role that viruses play in tumorigenesis is not clear, but it seems that they are responsible for causing only one in a series of steps required for cancer development. The idea that a virus could cause breast cancer has been investigated for quite some time, even though breast cancer could be a hereditary disease; however, hereditary breast cancer is estimated to account for a small percentage of all breast cancer cases. Based on current research, this review present at moment, substantial, but not conclusive, evidence that HPV, EBV and MMTV may be involved in breast cancer.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Akil N, Yasmeen A, Kassab A et al (2008) High-risk human papillomavirus infections in breast cancer in Syrian women and their association with Id-1 expression: a tissue microarray study. Br J Cancer 99(3):404–407. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604503 PubMedCrossRef Akil N, Yasmeen A, Kassab A et al (2008) High-risk human papillomavirus infections in breast cancer in Syrian women and their association with Id-1 expression: a tissue microarray study. Br J Cancer 99(3):404–407. doi:10.​1038/​sj.​bjc.​6604503 PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bratthauer GL, Tavassoli FA, O’Leary TJ (1992) Etiology of breast carcinoma: no apparent role for papillomavirus types 6/11/16/18. Pathol Res Pract 188(3):384–386PubMed Bratthauer GL, Tavassoli FA, O’Leary TJ (1992) Etiology of breast carcinoma: no apparent role for papillomavirus types 6/11/16/18. Pathol Res Pract 188(3):384–386PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Chu PG, Chang KL, Chen YY et al (2001) No significant association of Epstein–Barr virus infection with invasive breast carcinoma. Am J Pathol 159:571–578PubMed Chu PG, Chang KL, Chen YY et al (2001) No significant association of Epstein–Barr virus infection with invasive breast carcinoma. Am J Pathol 159:571–578PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Deshpande CG, Badve S, Kidwai N et al (2002) Lack of expression of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) gene products, EBERs, EBNA1, LMP1, and LMP2A, in breast cancer cells. Lab Invest 82:1193–1199PubMed Deshpande CG, Badve S, Kidwai N et al (2002) Lack of expression of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) gene products, EBERs, EBNA1, LMP1, and LMP2A, in breast cancer cells. Lab Invest 82:1193–1199PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat de Villiers EM, Sandstrom RE, zur Hausen H et al (2005) Presence of papillomavirus sequences in condylomatous lesions of the mamillae and in invasive carcinoma of the breast. Breast Cancer Res 7:01–11CrossRef de Villiers EM, Sandstrom RE, zur Hausen H et al (2005) Presence of papillomavirus sequences in condylomatous lesions of the mamillae and in invasive carcinoma of the breast. Breast Cancer Res 7:01–11CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dimmock NJ, Primrose SB (1994) Carcinogenesis and tumour viruses. Introduction to modern virology, 4th edn. Blackwell Science, London Dimmock NJ, Primrose SB (1994) Carcinogenesis and tumour viruses. Introduction to modern virology, 4th edn. Blackwell Science, London
Zurück zum Zitat Etkind P, Du J, Khan A et al (2000) Mouse mammary tumor virus-like ENV gene sequences in human breast tumors and in a lymphoma of a breast cancer patient. Clin Cancer Res 6:1273–1278PubMed Etkind P, Du J, Khan A et al (2000) Mouse mammary tumor virus-like ENV gene sequences in human breast tumors and in a lymphoma of a breast cancer patient. Clin Cancer Res 6:1273–1278PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Etkind PR, Stewart AF, Dorai T et al (2004) Clonal isolation of different strains of mouse mammary tumor virus-like DNA sequences from both the breast tumors and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas of individual patients diagnosed with both malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 10:5656–5664. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0364 PubMedCrossRef Etkind PR, Stewart AF, Dorai T et al (2004) Clonal isolation of different strains of mouse mammary tumor virus-like DNA sequences from both the breast tumors and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas of individual patients diagnosed with both malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 10:5656–5664. doi:10.​1158/​1078-0432.​CCR-03-0364 PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Etkind PR, Stewart AF, Wiernik PH (2008) Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-like DNA sequences in the breast tumors of father, mother, and daughter. Infect Agent Cancer 28(3):2 Etkind PR, Stewart AF, Wiernik PH (2008) Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-like DNA sequences in the breast tumors of father, mother, and daughter. Infect Agent Cancer 28(3):2
Zurück zum Zitat Fawzy S, Sallam M, Awad NM (2008) Detection of Epstein–Barr virus in breast carcinoma in Egyptian women. Clin Biochem 41:486–492PubMed Fawzy S, Sallam M, Awad NM (2008) Detection of Epstein–Barr virus in breast carcinoma in Egyptian women. Clin Biochem 41:486–492PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Ford CE, Tran D, Deng Y et al (2003) Mouse mammary tumor virus-like gene sequences in breast tumors of Australian and Vietnamese women. Clin Cancer Res 9:1118–1120PubMed Ford CE, Tran D, Deng Y et al (2003) Mouse mammary tumor virus-like gene sequences in breast tumors of Australian and Vietnamese women. Clin Cancer Res 9:1118–1120PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Ford CE, Faedo M, Crouch R et al (2004a) Progression from normal breast pathology to breast cancer is associated with increasing prevalence of mouse mammary tumor virus-like sequences in men and women. Cancer Res 64:4755–4759. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-3804 PubMedCrossRef Ford CE, Faedo M, Crouch R et al (2004a) Progression from normal breast pathology to breast cancer is associated with increasing prevalence of mouse mammary tumor virus-like sequences in men and women. Cancer Res 64:4755–4759. doi:10.​1158/​0008-5472.​CAN-03-3804 PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fukuoka H, Moriuchi M, Yano H et al (2008) No association of mouse mammary tumor virus-related retrovirus with Japanese cases of breast cancer. J Med Virol 80(8):1447–1451. doi:10.1002/jmv.21247 PubMedCrossRef Fukuoka H, Moriuchi M, Yano H et al (2008) No association of mouse mammary tumor virus-related retrovirus with Japanese cases of breast cancer. J Med Virol 80(8):1447–1451. doi:10.​1002/​jmv.​21247 PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gaffey MJ, Frierson HF Jr, Mills SE et al (1993) Medullary carcinoma of the breast. Identification of lymphocyte subpopulations and their significance. Mod Pathol 6:721–728PubMed Gaffey MJ, Frierson HF Jr, Mills SE et al (1993) Medullary carcinoma of the breast. Identification of lymphocyte subpopulations and their significance. Mod Pathol 6:721–728PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Glaser SL, Ambinder RF, DiGiuseppe JA et al (1998) Absence of Epstein–Barr virus EBER-1 transcripts in an epidemiologically diverse group of breast cancers. Int J Cancer 75:555–558. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19980209)75:4<555::AID-IJC10>3.0.CO;2-8PubMedCrossRef Glaser SL, Ambinder RF, DiGiuseppe JA et al (1998) Absence of Epstein–Barr virus EBER-1 transcripts in an epidemiologically diverse group of breast cancers. Int J Cancer 75:555–558. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19980209)75:4<555::AID-IJC10>3.0.CO;2-8PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gopalkrishna V, Singh UR, Sodhani P et al (1996) Absence of human papillomavirus DNA in breast cancer as revealed by polymerase chain reaction. Breast Cancer Res Treat 39:197–202. doi:10.1007/BF01806186 PubMedCrossRef Gopalkrishna V, Singh UR, Sodhani P et al (1996) Absence of human papillomavirus DNA in breast cancer as revealed by polymerase chain reaction. Breast Cancer Res Treat 39:197–202. doi:10.​1007/​BF01806186 PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Grinstein S, Preciado MV, Gattuso P et al (2002) Demonstration of Epstein–Barr virus in carcinomas of various sites. Cancer Res 62:4876–4878PubMed Grinstein S, Preciado MV, Gattuso P et al (2002) Demonstration of Epstein–Barr virus in carcinomas of various sites. Cancer Res 62:4876–4878PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Gumus M, Yumuk PF, Salepci T et al (2006) HPV DNA frequency and subset analysis in human breast cancer patients’ normal and tumoral tissue samples. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 25:515–521PubMed Gumus M, Yumuk PF, Salepci T et al (2006) HPV DNA frequency and subset analysis in human breast cancer patients’ normal and tumoral tissue samples. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 25:515–521PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hennard C, Pfuhl T, Buettner M et al (2006) The antibody 2B4 directed against the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) detects MAGE-4: implications for studies on the EBV association of human cancers. J Pathol 209(4):430–435. doi:10.1002/path.1996 PubMedCrossRef Hennard C, Pfuhl T, Buettner M et al (2006) The antibody 2B4 directed against the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) detects MAGE-4: implications for studies on the EBV association of human cancers. J Pathol 209(4):430–435. doi:10.​1002/​path.​1996 PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hennig EM, Suo Z, Thoresen S et al (1999) Human papillomavirus 16 in breast cancer of women treated for high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN III). Breast Cancer Res Treat 53:121–135. doi:10.1023/A:1006162609420 PubMedCrossRef Hennig EM, Suo Z, Thoresen S et al (1999) Human papillomavirus 16 in breast cancer of women treated for high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN III). Breast Cancer Res Treat 53:121–135. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1006162609420 PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Herrmann K, Niedobitek G (2003) Lack of evidence for an association of Epstein–Barr virus infection with breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res 5:R13–R17. doi:10.1186/bcr561 PubMedCrossRef Herrmann K, Niedobitek G (2003) Lack of evidence for an association of Epstein–Barr virus infection with breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res 5:R13–R17. doi:10.​1186/​bcr561 PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ilvan S, Celik V, Ulker Akyildiz E et al (2004) Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the breast: is it a distinct entity? Clinicopathological evaluation of two cases and review of the literature. Breast 13(6):522–526PubMed Ilvan S, Celik V, Ulker Akyildiz E et al (2004) Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the breast: is it a distinct entity? Clinicopathological evaluation of two cases and review of the literature. Breast 13(6):522–526PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Kalkan A, Ozdarendeli A, Bulut Y et al (2005) Investigation of Epstein–Barr virus DNA in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues. Med Princ Pract 14:268–271. doi:10.1159/000085748 PubMedCrossRef Kalkan A, Ozdarendeli A, Bulut Y et al (2005) Investigation of Epstein–Barr virus DNA in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues. Med Princ Pract 14:268–271. doi:10.​1159/​000085748 PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kijima Y, Hokita S, Takao S et al (2001) Epstein–Barr virus involvement is mainly restricted to lymphoepithelial type of gastric carcinoma among various epithelial neoplasms. J Med Virol 64:513–518. doi:10.1002/jmv.1079 PubMedCrossRef Kijima Y, Hokita S, Takao S et al (2001) Epstein–Barr virus involvement is mainly restricted to lymphoepithelial type of gastric carcinoma among various epithelial neoplasms. J Med Virol 64:513–518. doi:10.​1002/​jmv.​1079 PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kurose A, Ichinohasama R, Kanno H et al (2005) Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the breast. Report of a case with the first electron microscopic study and review of the literature. Virchows Arch 447:653–659. doi:10.1007/s00428-004-1195-x PubMedCrossRef Kurose A, Ichinohasama R, Kanno H et al (2005) Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the breast. Report of a case with the first electron microscopic study and review of the literature. Virchows Arch 447:653–659. doi:10.​1007/​s00428-004-1195-x PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Labrecque LG, Barnes DM, Fentiman IS et al (1995) Epstein–Barr virus in epithelial cell tumors: a breast cancer study. Cancer Res 55:39–45PubMed Labrecque LG, Barnes DM, Fentiman IS et al (1995) Epstein–Barr virus in epithelial cell tumors: a breast cancer study. Cancer Res 55:39–45PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Lawson JS, Tran DD, Carpenter E et al (2006b) Presence of mouse mammary tumour-like virus gene sequences may be associated with morphology of specific human breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 59(12):1287–1292. doi:10.1136/jcp.2005.035907 PubMedCrossRef Lawson JS, Tran DD, Carpenter E et al (2006b) Presence of mouse mammary tumour-like virus gene sequences may be associated with morphology of specific human breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 59(12):1287–1292. doi:10.​1136/​jcp.​2005.​035907 PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lespagnard L, Cochaux P, Larsimont D et al (1995) Absence of Epstein–Barr virus in medullary carcinoma of the breast as demonstrated by immunophenotyping, in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. Am J Clin Pathol 103:449–452PubMed Lespagnard L, Cochaux P, Larsimont D et al (1995) Absence of Epstein–Barr virus in medullary carcinoma of the breast as demonstrated by immunophenotyping, in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. Am J Clin Pathol 103:449–452PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Liu Y, Klimberg VS, Andrews NR et al (2001) Human papillomavirus DNA is present in a subset of unselected breast cancers. J Hum Virol 4:329–334PubMed Liu Y, Klimberg VS, Andrews NR et al (2001) Human papillomavirus DNA is present in a subset of unselected breast cancers. J Hum Virol 4:329–334PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Luqmani YA, Shousha S (1995) Presence of Epstein–Barr virus in breast carcinoma. Int J Oncol 6:899–903 Luqmani YA, Shousha S (1995) Presence of Epstein–Barr virus in breast carcinoma. Int J Oncol 6:899–903
Zurück zum Zitat Mant C, Cason J (2004) A human murine mammary tumour virus-like agent is an unconvincing etiological agent for human breast cancer. Cancer Res 61:1754–1759 Mant C, Cason J (2004) A human murine mammary tumour virus-like agent is an unconvincing etiological agent for human breast cancer. Cancer Res 61:1754–1759
Zurück zum Zitat Melana SM, Holland JF, Pogo BG (2001) Search for mouse mammary tumor virus-like env sequences in cancer and normal breast from the same individuals. Clin Cancer Res 7:283–284PubMed Melana SM, Holland JF, Pogo BG (2001) Search for mouse mammary tumor virus-like env sequences in cancer and normal breast from the same individuals. Clin Cancer Res 7:283–284PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Melana SM, Picconi MA, Rossi C et al (2002) Detection of murine mammary tumor virus (MMTV) env gene-like sequences in breast cancer from Argentine patients. Medicina (B Aires) 62:323–327 Melana SM, Picconi MA, Rossi C et al (2002) Detection of murine mammary tumor virus (MMTV) env gene-like sequences in breast cancer from Argentine patients. Medicina (B Aires) 62:323–327
Zurück zum Zitat Mendizabal-Ruiz AP, Morales JA, Ramírez-Jirano LJ et al (2008) Low frequency of human papillomavirus DNA in breast cancer tissue. Breast Cancer Res Treat 30. Epub ahead of print Mendizabal-Ruiz AP, Morales JA, Ramírez-Jirano LJ et al (2008) Low frequency of human papillomavirus DNA in breast cancer tissue. Breast Cancer Res Treat 30. Epub ahead of print
Zurück zum Zitat Murono S, Inoue H, Tanabe T et al (2001) Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by Epstein–Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 is involved in vascular endothelial growth factor production in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:6905–6910. doi:10.1073/pnas.121016998 PubMedCrossRef Murono S, Inoue H, Tanabe T et al (2001) Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by Epstein–Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 is involved in vascular endothelial growth factor production in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:6905–6910. doi:10.​1073/​pnas.​121016998 PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Murray PG, Lissauer D, Junying J et al (2003) Reactivity with a monoclonal antibody to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 defines a subset of aggressive breast cancers in the absence of the EBV genome. Cancer Res 63:2338–2343PubMed Murray PG, Lissauer D, Junying J et al (2003) Reactivity with a monoclonal antibody to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 defines a subset of aggressive breast cancers in the absence of the EBV genome. Cancer Res 63:2338–2343PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Perkins RS, Sahm K, Marando C et al (2006) Analysis of Epstein–Barr virus reservoirs in paired blood and breast cancer primary biopsy specimens by real time PCR. Breast Cancer Res 8(6):R70. doi:10.1186/bcr1627 PubMedCrossRef Perkins RS, Sahm K, Marando C et al (2006) Analysis of Epstein–Barr virus reservoirs in paired blood and breast cancer primary biopsy specimens by real time PCR. Breast Cancer Res 8(6):R70. doi:10.​1186/​bcr1627 PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Preciado MV, Chabay PA, De Matteo EN et al (2005) Epstein–Barr virus in breast carcinoma in Argentina. Arch Pathol Lab Med 129:377–381PubMed Preciado MV, Chabay PA, De Matteo EN et al (2005) Epstein–Barr virus in breast carcinoma in Argentina. Arch Pathol Lab Med 129:377–381PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Ribeiro-Silva A (2005) Epstein–Barr virus in breast carcinoma in Argentina. Arch Pathol Lab Med 129(9):1088PubMed Ribeiro-Silva A (2005) Epstein–Barr virus in breast carcinoma in Argentina. Arch Pathol Lab Med 129(9):1088PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Sarkar NH (1980) Type B virus and human breast cancer. In: The role of viruses in human cancer, vol 1. Elsevier, North Holland. pp 207–235 Sarkar NH (1980) Type B virus and human breast cancer. In: The role of viruses in human cancer, vol 1. Elsevier, North Holland. pp 207–235
Zurück zum Zitat Schiffman M, Kjaer SK (2003) Chapter 2: Natural history of anogenital human papillomavirus infection and neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 31:14–19PubMed Schiffman M, Kjaer SK (2003) Chapter 2: Natural history of anogenital human papillomavirus infection and neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 31:14–19PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Smith JS, Lindsay L, Hoots B et al (2007) Human papillomavirus type distribution in invasive cervical cancer and high-grade cervical lesions: a meta-analysis update. Int J Cancer 121:621–632. doi:10.1002/ijc.22527 PubMedCrossRef Smith JS, Lindsay L, Hoots B et al (2007) Human papillomavirus type distribution in invasive cervical cancer and high-grade cervical lesions: a meta-analysis update. Int J Cancer 121:621–632. doi:10.​1002/​ijc.​22527 PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Trabelsi A, Rammeh S, Stita W et al (2008) Detection of Epstein–Barr virus in breast cancers with lymphoid stroma. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 66:59–62 Trabelsi A, Rammeh S, Stita W et al (2008) Detection of Epstein–Barr virus in breast cancers with lymphoid stroma. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 66:59–62
Zurück zum Zitat Tsai JH, Tsai CH, Cheng MH et al (2005) Association of viral factors with non-familial breast cancer in Taiwan by comparison with non-cancerous, fibroadenoma, and thyroid tumor tissues. J Med Virol 75:276–278. doi:10.1002/jmv.20267 PubMedCrossRef Tsai JH, Tsai CH, Cheng MH et al (2005) Association of viral factors with non-familial breast cancer in Taiwan by comparison with non-cancerous, fibroadenoma, and thyroid tumor tissues. J Med Virol 75:276–278. doi:10.​1002/​jmv.​20267 PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wakisaka N, Pagano JS (2003) Epstein–Barr virus induces invasion and metastasis factors. Anticancer Res 23:2133–2138PubMed Wakisaka N, Pagano JS (2003) Epstein–Barr virus induces invasion and metastasis factors. Anticancer Res 23:2133–2138PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Wakisaka N, Murono S, Yoshizaki T et al (2002) Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 induces and causes release of fibroblast growth factor-2. Cancer Res 62:6337–6344 Wakisaka N, Murono S, Yoshizaki T et al (2002) Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 induces and causes release of fibroblast growth factor-2. Cancer Res 62:6337–6344
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y, Holland JF, Bleiweiss IJ et al (1995) Detection of mammary tumor virus env gene-like sequences in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 55:5173–5179PubMed Wang Y, Holland JF, Bleiweiss IJ et al (1995) Detection of mammary tumor virus env gene-like sequences in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 55:5173–5179PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y, Go V, Holland JF et al (1998) Expression of mouse mammary tumor virus-like env gene sequences in human breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 4:2565–2568PubMed Wang Y, Go V, Holland JF et al (1998) Expression of mouse mammary tumor virus-like env gene sequences in human breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 4:2565–2568PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Witt A, Hartmann B, Marton E et al (2003) The mouse mammary tumor virus-like env gene sequence is not detectable in breast cancer tissue of Austrian patients. Oncol Rep 10:1025–1029PubMed Witt A, Hartmann B, Marton E et al (2003) The mouse mammary tumor virus-like env gene sequence is not detectable in breast cancer tissue of Austrian patients. Oncol Rep 10:1025–1029PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Wong M, Pagano JS, Schiller JT et al (2002) New associations of human papillomavirus, Simian virus 40, and Epstein–Barr virus with human cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 94:1832–18336PubMed Wong M, Pagano JS, Schiller JT et al (2002) New associations of human papillomavirus, Simian virus 40, and Epstein–Barr virus with human cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 94:1832–18336PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Wrede D, Luqmani YA, Coombes RC et al (1992) Absence of HPV 16 and 18 DNA in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 65:891–894PubMed Wrede D, Luqmani YA, Coombes RC et al (1992) Absence of HPV 16 and 18 DNA in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 65:891–894PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Yasmeen A, Bismar TA, Dekhil H et al (2007) ErbB-2 receptor cooperates with E6/E7 oncoproteins of HPV type 16 in breast tumorigenesis. Cell Cycle 6:2939–2943PubMed Yasmeen A, Bismar TA, Dekhil H et al (2007) ErbB-2 receptor cooperates with E6/E7 oncoproteins of HPV type 16 in breast tumorigenesis. Cell Cycle 6:2939–2943PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Yasui Y, Potter JD, Stanford JL et al (2001) Breast cancer risk and “delayed” primary Epstein–Barr virus infection. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10:9–16PubMed Yasui Y, Potter JD, Stanford JL et al (2001) Breast cancer risk and “delayed” primary Epstein–Barr virus infection. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10:9–16PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Yu Y, Morimoto T, Sasa M et al (1999) HPV33 DNA in premalignant and malignant breast lesions in Chinese and Japanese populations. Anticancer Res 19:5057–5061PubMed Yu Y, Morimoto T, Sasa M et al (1999) HPV33 DNA in premalignant and malignant breast lesions in Chinese and Japanese populations. Anticancer Res 19:5057–5061PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Zapata-Benavides P, Saavedra-Alonso S, Zamora-Avila D et al (2007) Mouse mammary tumor virus-like gene sequences in breast cancer samples of Mexican women. Intervirology 50:402–407. doi:10.1159/000110652 PubMedCrossRef Zapata-Benavides P, Saavedra-Alonso S, Zamora-Avila D et al (2007) Mouse mammary tumor virus-like gene sequences in breast cancer samples of Mexican women. Intervirology 50:402–407. doi:10.​1159/​000110652 PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
The possible involvement of virus in breast cancer
verfasst von
Marla Karine Amarante
Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2009
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology / Ausgabe 3/2009
Print ISSN: 0171-5216
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1335
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-008-0511-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2009

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 3/2009 Zur Ausgabe

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

25.04.2024 Nierenkarzinom Nachrichten

Nun gibt es auch Resultate zum Gesamtüberleben: Eine adjuvante Pembrolizumab-Therapie konnte in einer Phase-3-Studie das Leben von Menschen mit Nierenzellkarzinom deutlich verlängern. Die Sterberate war im Vergleich zu Placebo um 38% geringer.

Alectinib verbessert krankheitsfreies Überleben bei ALK-positivem NSCLC

25.04.2024 NSCLC Nachrichten

Das Risiko für Rezidiv oder Tod von Patienten und Patientinnen mit reseziertem ALK-positivem NSCLC ist unter einer adjuvanten Therapie mit dem Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitor Alectinib signifikant geringer als unter platinbasierter Chemotherapie.

Bei Senioren mit Prostatakarzinom auf Anämie achten!

24.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Nachrichten

Patienten, die zur Behandlung ihres Prostatakarzinoms eine Androgendeprivationstherapie erhalten, entwickeln nicht selten eine Anämie. Wer ältere Patienten internistisch mitbetreut, sollte auf diese Nebenwirkung achten.

ICI-Therapie in der Schwangerschaft wird gut toleriert

Müssen sich Schwangere einer Krebstherapie unterziehen, rufen Immuncheckpointinhibitoren offenbar nicht mehr unerwünschte Wirkungen hervor als andere Mittel gegen Krebs.

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.