Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Comparative Clinical Pathology 2/2019

08.11.2018 | Original Article

The protective effect of coenzyme Q10 and berberine on sperm parameters, with and without varicocelectomy in rats with surgically induced varicoceles

Erschienen in: Comparative Clinical Pathology | Ausgabe 2/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects of coenzyme Q10 (Co Q10) and berberine (BB) with and without varicocelectomy on sperm parameters in postoperative varicocele rats. For the current purpose, a total of 60 mature male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (n = 6 rats), control-sham (n = 6 rats), and experimental (n = 6 rats) groups. The animals in the experimental groups were undergone experimental varicocele, and simple laparotomy was performed in control-sham group. The experimental group was subdivided into the following groups 60 days after varicocele (VCL) induction: non-treated VCL-induced rats (n = 6 rats), VCL-induced rats administered 100 mg (kg per day) BB (n = 6 rats), VCL-induced rats administered Co Q10 75 mg (kg per day) (n = 6 rats), VCL-induced rats administered 100 mg (kg per day) BB + Co Q10 75 mg (kg per day) (n = 6 rats), varicocelectomy rats (n = 6 rats), varicocelectomy rats administered 100 mg (kg per day) BB (n = 6 rats), varicocelectomy rats administered Co Q10 75 mg (kg per day) (n = 6 rats), varicocelectomy rats administered 100 mg (kg per day) BB + Co Q10 75 mg (kg per day) (n = 6 rats). Following 60 days, the animals were euthanized and sperm parameters were evaluated. Non-treated VCL-induced animals indicated a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in sperm parameters and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in sperm DNA damage compared to control and control-sham groups. Insignificant changes were found between control and control-sham groups. Meanwhile, each treatment group showed a remarkable (P < 0.05) increase in sperm parameters as well as a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in sperm DNA damage. Based on current results, BB and Co Q10 alone and/or together could improve sperm parameters and reduce sperm DNA damage in varicocele-induced rats compared to control and control-sham groups. Varicocelectomy alone will improve sperm parameters, but this recovery will be greater when combined with Co Q10 and BB.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Abdel-Maguid A-F, Othman I (2010) Microsurgical and nonmagnified subinguinal varicocelectomy for infertile men: a comparative study. Fertil Steril 94(7):2600–2603CrossRef Abdel-Maguid A-F, Othman I (2010) Microsurgical and nonmagnified subinguinal varicocelectomy for infertile men: a comparative study. Fertil Steril 94(7):2600–2603CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Agarwal A, Prabakaran S, Allamaneni SS (2006) Relationship between oxidative stress, varicocele and infertility: a meta-analysis. Reprod BioMed Online 12(5):630–633CrossRef Agarwal A, Prabakaran S, Allamaneni SS (2006) Relationship between oxidative stress, varicocele and infertility: a meta-analysis. Reprod BioMed Online 12(5):630–633CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ahmadi S, Bashiri R, Ghadiri-Anari A, Nadjarzadeh A (2016) Antioxidant supplements and semen parameters: an evidence based review. Int J Reprod Biomed 14(12):729–736CrossRef Ahmadi S, Bashiri R, Ghadiri-Anari A, Nadjarzadeh A (2016) Antioxidant supplements and semen parameters: an evidence based review. Int J Reprod Biomed 14(12):729–736CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Baazeem A, Belzile E, Ciampi A, Dohle G, Jarvi K, Salonia A, Weidner W, Zini A (2011) Varicocele and male factor infertility treatment: a new meta-analysis and review of the role of varicocele repair. Eur Urol 60(4):796–808CrossRef Baazeem A, Belzile E, Ciampi A, Dohle G, Jarvi K, Salonia A, Weidner W, Zini A (2011) Varicocele and male factor infertility treatment: a new meta-analysis and review of the role of varicocele repair. Eur Urol 60(4):796–808CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bahmanzadeh M et al (2008) The effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) on epididymal sperm count, motility, and morphology in varicocelized rat. Daru 16(1):23–28 Bahmanzadeh M et al (2008) The effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) on epididymal sperm count, motility, and morphology in varicocelized rat. Daru 16(1):23–28
Zurück zum Zitat Balercia G, Buldreghini E, Vignini A, Tiano L, Paggi F, Amoroso S, Ricciardo-Lamonica G, Boscaro M, Lenzi A, Littarru GP (2009) Coenzyme Q10 treatment in infertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia: a placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial. Fertil Steril 91(5):1785–1792CrossRef Balercia G, Buldreghini E, Vignini A, Tiano L, Paggi F, Amoroso S, Ricciardo-Lamonica G, Boscaro M, Lenzi A, Littarru GP (2009) Coenzyme Q10 treatment in infertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia: a placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial. Fertil Steril 91(5):1785–1792CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Benoff S, Gilbert BR (2001) Varicocele and male infertility: part I. Hum Reprod Update 7(1):47–54CrossRef Benoff S, Gilbert BR (2001) Varicocele and male infertility: part I. Hum Reprod Update 7(1):47–54CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Benoff SH, Millan C, Hurley IR, Napolitano B, Marmar JL (2004) Bilateral increased apoptosis and bilateral accumulation of cadmium in infertile men with left varicocele. Hum Reprod 19(3):616–627CrossRef Benoff SH, Millan C, Hurley IR, Napolitano B, Marmar JL (2004) Bilateral increased apoptosis and bilateral accumulation of cadmium in infertile men with left varicocele. Hum Reprod 19(3):616–627CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cam K, Simsek F, Yuksel M, Turker L, Haklar G, Yalcin S, Akdas A (2004) The role of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of varicocele in a rat model and efficiency of vitamin E treatment. Int J Androl 27(4):228–233CrossRef Cam K, Simsek F, Yuksel M, Turker L, Haklar G, Yalcin S, Akdas A (2004) The role of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of varicocele in a rat model and efficiency of vitamin E treatment. Int J Androl 27(4):228–233CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cheng D, Zheng XM, Li SW, Yang ZW, Hu LQ (2006) Effects of epidermal growth factor on sperm content and motility of rats with surgically induced varicoceles. Asian J Androl 8(6):713–717CrossRef Cheng D, Zheng XM, Li SW, Yang ZW, Hu LQ (2006) Effects of epidermal growth factor on sperm content and motility of rats with surgically induced varicoceles. Asian J Androl 8(6):713–717CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cheng F, Wang Y, Li J, Su C, Wu F, Xia WH, Yang Z, Yu BB, Qiu YX, Tao J (2013) Berberine improves endothelial function by reducing endothelial microparticles-mediated oxidative stress in humans. Int J Cardiol 167(3):936–942CrossRef Cheng F, Wang Y, Li J, Su C, Wu F, Xia WH, Yang Z, Yu BB, Qiu YX, Tao J (2013) Berberine improves endothelial function by reducing endothelial microparticles-mediated oxidative stress in humans. Int J Cardiol 167(3):936–942CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chohan K, Griffin J, Carrell DT (2004) Evaluation of chromatin integrity in human sperm using acridine orange staining with different fixatives and after cryopreservation. Andrologia 36(5):321–326CrossRef Chohan K, Griffin J, Carrell DT (2004) Evaluation of chromatin integrity in human sperm using acridine orange staining with different fixatives and after cryopreservation. Andrologia 36(5):321–326CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cocuzza M, Sikka SC, Athayde KS, Agarwal A (2007) Clinical relevance of oxidative stress and sperm chromatin damage in male infertility: an evidence based analysis. Int Braz J Urol 33(5):603–621CrossRef Cocuzza M, Sikka SC, Athayde KS, Agarwal A (2007) Clinical relevance of oxidative stress and sperm chromatin damage in male infertility: an evidence based analysis. Int Braz J Urol 33(5):603–621CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Comhaire F (1991) The pathogenesis of epididymo-testicular dysfunction in varicocele: factors other than temperature, in Temperature and environmental effects on the testi. Springer, Berlin, pp 281–287 Comhaire F (1991) The pathogenesis of epididymo-testicular dysfunction in varicocele: factors other than temperature, in Temperature and environmental effects on the testi. Springer, Berlin, pp 281–287
Zurück zum Zitat de la Calle JFV, Rachou E, le Martelot MT, Ducot B, Multigner L, Thonneau PF (2001) Male infertility risk factors in a French military population. Hum Reprod 16(3):481–486CrossRef de la Calle JFV, Rachou E, le Martelot MT, Ducot B, Multigner L, Thonneau PF (2001) Male infertility risk factors in a French military population. Hum Reprod 16(3):481–486CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dehghani R, Sharif A, Madani M, Kashani HH, Sharif MR (2016) Factors influencing animal bites in Iran: a descriptive study. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 7(4):273–277CrossRef Dehghani R, Sharif A, Madani M, Kashani HH, Sharif MR (2016) Factors influencing animal bites in Iran: a descriptive study. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 7(4):273–277CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ding H, Tian J, du W, Zhang L, Wang H, Wang Z (2012) Open non-microsurgical, laparoscopic or open microsurgical varicocelectomy for male infertility: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BJU Int 110(10):1536–1542CrossRef Ding H, Tian J, du W, Zhang L, Wang H, Wang Z (2012) Open non-microsurgical, laparoscopic or open microsurgical varicocelectomy for male infertility: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BJU Int 110(10):1536–1542CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Enciso M, Muriel L, Fernández JL, Goyanes V, Segrelles E, Marcos M, Montejo JM, Ardoy M, Pacheco A, Gosálvez J (2006) Infertile men with varicocele show a high relative proportion of sperm cells with intense nuclear damage level, evidenced by the sperm chromatin dispersion test. J Androl 27(1):106–111CrossRef Enciso M, Muriel L, Fernández JL, Goyanes V, Segrelles E, Marcos M, Montejo JM, Ardoy M, Pacheco A, Gosálvez J (2006) Infertile men with varicocele show a high relative proportion of sperm cells with intense nuclear damage level, evidenced by the sperm chromatin dispersion test. J Androl 27(1):106–111CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fallah V, Mahabadi JA, Mahabadi MY, Kashani HH, Nikzad H (2017) Protective effect of Allium cepa (onion) seeds (AC) extract on histopathology of testis in STZ-induced male rats. Int J Morphol 35(4):1517–1524CrossRef Fallah V, Mahabadi JA, Mahabadi MY, Kashani HH, Nikzad H (2017) Protective effect of Allium cepa (onion) seeds (AC) extract on histopathology of testis in STZ-induced male rats. Int J Morphol 35(4):1517–1524CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ferdosian M, Khatami MR, Malekshahi ZV, Mohammadi A, Kashani HH, Shooshtari MB (2015) Identification of immunotopes against Mycobacterium leprae as immune targets using PhDTm-12mer phage display peptide library. Trop J Pharm Res 14(7):1153–1159CrossRef Ferdosian M, Khatami MR, Malekshahi ZV, Mohammadi A, Kashani HH, Shooshtari MB (2015) Identification of immunotopes against Mycobacterium leprae as immune targets using PhDTm-12mer phage display peptide library. Trop J Pharm Res 14(7):1153–1159CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fretz PC, Sandlow JI (2002) Varicocele: current concepts in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Urol Clin N Am 29(4):921–937CrossRef Fretz PC, Sandlow JI (2002) Varicocele: current concepts in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Urol Clin N Am 29(4):921–937CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Haddad NG, Houk CP, Lee PA (2014) Varicocele: a dilemma in adolescent males. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 11:274–283PubMed Haddad NG, Houk CP, Lee PA (2014) Varicocele: a dilemma in adolescent males. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 11:274–283PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hauser R, Paz G, Botchan A, Yogev L, Yavetz H (2001) Varicocele and male infertility: part II: varicocele: effect on sperm functions. Hum Reprod Update 7(5):482–485CrossRef Hauser R, Paz G, Botchan A, Yogev L, Yavetz H (2001) Varicocele and male infertility: part II: varicocele: effect on sperm functions. Hum Reprod Update 7(5):482–485CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Herbenick MA et al (2008) Effects of a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor on fracture healing in a rat model. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 37(7):E133–E137 Herbenick MA et al (2008) Effects of a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor on fracture healing in a rat model. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 37(7):E133–E137
Zurück zum Zitat Jalali HK, Salamatzadeh A, Jalali AK, Kashani HH, Asbchin SA, Issazadeh K (2016) Antagonistic activity of Nocardia brasiliensis PTCC 1422 against isolated Enterobacteriaceae from urinary tract infections. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 8(1):41–45CrossRef Jalali HK, Salamatzadeh A, Jalali AK, Kashani HH, Asbchin SA, Issazadeh K (2016) Antagonistic activity of Nocardia brasiliensis PTCC 1422 against isolated Enterobacteriaceae from urinary tract infections. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 8(1):41–45CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kashani HH et al (2013) Expression of galectin-3 as a testis inflammatory marker in vasectomised mice. Cell J (Yakhteh) 15(1):11 Kashani HH et al (2013) Expression of galectin-3 as a testis inflammatory marker in vasectomised mice. Cell J (Yakhteh) 15(1):11
Zurück zum Zitat Khaki A, Fathiazad F, Nouri M, Khaki AA, Maleki NA, Khamnei HJ, Ahmadi P (2010) Beneficial effects of quercetin on sperm parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Phytother Res 24(9):1285–1291CrossRef Khaki A, Fathiazad F, Nouri M, Khaki AA, Maleki NA, Khamnei HJ, Ahmadi P (2010) Beneficial effects of quercetin on sperm parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Phytother Res 24(9):1285–1291CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Köksal İT et al (2003) The potential role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in the testicular dysfunction associated with varicocele: an experimental study. Int Urol Nephrol 36(1):67–72CrossRef Köksal İT et al (2003) The potential role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in the testicular dysfunction associated with varicocele: an experimental study. Int Urol Nephrol 36(1):67–72CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lafuente R, González-Comadrán M, Solà I, López G, Brassesco M, Carreras R, Checa MA (2013) Coenzyme Q10 and male infertility: a meta-analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet 30(9):1147–1156CrossRef Lafuente R, González-Comadrán M, Solà I, López G, Brassesco M, Carreras R, Checa MA (2013) Coenzyme Q10 and male infertility: a meta-analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet 30(9):1147–1156CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li H, Dubocq F, Jiang Y, Tiguert R, Gheiler EL, Dhabuwala CB (1999) Effect of surgically induced varicocele on testicular blood flow and Sertoli cell function. Urology 53(6):1258–1262CrossRef Li H, Dubocq F, Jiang Y, Tiguert R, Gheiler EL, Dhabuwala CB (1999) Effect of surgically induced varicocele on testicular blood flow and Sertoli cell function. Urology 53(6):1258–1262CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li F, Yamaguchi K, Okada K, Matsushita K, Ando M, Chiba K, Yue H, Fujisawa M (2012) Significant improvement of sperm DNA quality after microsurgical repair of varicocele. Syst Biol Reprod Med 58(5):274–277CrossRef Li F, Yamaguchi K, Okada K, Matsushita K, Ando M, Chiba K, Yue H, Fujisawa M (2012) Significant improvement of sperm DNA quality after microsurgical repair of varicocele. Syst Biol Reprod Med 58(5):274–277CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Meacham RB, Townsend RR, Rademacher D, Drose JA (1994) The incidence of varicoceles in the general population when evaluated by physical examination, gray scale sonography and color Doppler sonography. J Urol 151(6):1535–1538CrossRef Meacham RB, Townsend RR, Rademacher D, Drose JA (1994) The incidence of varicoceles in the general population when evaluated by physical examination, gray scale sonography and color Doppler sonography. J Urol 151(6):1535–1538CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Miyaoka R, Esteves SC (2012) A critical appraisal on the role of varicocele in male infertility. Adv Urol 2012:1–9CrossRef Miyaoka R, Esteves SC (2012) A critical appraisal on the role of varicocele in male infertility. Adv Urol 2012:1–9CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mohammadi P, Hassani-Bafrani H, Tavalaee M, Dattilo M, Nasr-Esfahani MH (2018) One-carbon cycle support rescues sperm damages in experimentally induced varicocele in rats. BJU Int 122:480–489CrossRef Mohammadi P, Hassani-Bafrani H, Tavalaee M, Dattilo M, Nasr-Esfahani MH (2018) One-carbon cycle support rescues sperm damages in experimentally induced varicocele in rats. BJU Int 122:480–489CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mostafa T, Anis TH, el-Nashar A, Imam H, Othman IA (2001) Varicocelectomy reduces reactive oxygen species levels and increases antioxidant activity of seminal plasma from infertile men with varicocele. Int J Androl 24(5):261–265CrossRef Mostafa T, Anis TH, el-Nashar A, Imam H, Othman IA (2001) Varicocelectomy reduces reactive oxygen species levels and increases antioxidant activity of seminal plasma from infertile men with varicocele. Int J Androl 24(5):261–265CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mostafa T, Anis T, Imam H, el-Nashar AR, Osman IA (2009) Seminal reactive oxygen species-antioxidant relationship in fertile males with and without varicocele. Andrologia 41(2):125–129CrossRef Mostafa T, Anis T, Imam H, el-Nashar AR, Osman IA (2009) Seminal reactive oxygen species-antioxidant relationship in fertile males with and without varicocele. Andrologia 41(2):125–129CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Naftulin BN, Samuels SJ, Hellstrom WJG, Lewis EL, Overstreet JW (1991) Semen quality in varicocele patients is characterized by tapered sperm cells. Fertil Steril 56(1):149–151CrossRef Naftulin BN, Samuels SJ, Hellstrom WJG, Lewis EL, Overstreet JW (1991) Semen quality in varicocele patients is characterized by tapered sperm cells. Fertil Steril 56(1):149–151CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nagaoka S-i, Inoue M, Nishioka C, Nishioku Y, Tsunoda S, Ohguchi C, Ohara K, Mukai K, Nagashima U (2000) Tunneling effect in antioxidant, prooxidant, and regeneration reactions of vitamin E. J Phys Chem B 104(4):856–862CrossRef Nagaoka S-i, Inoue M, Nishioka C, Nishioku Y, Tsunoda S, Ohguchi C, Ohara K, Mukai K, Nagashima U (2000) Tunneling effect in antioxidant, prooxidant, and regeneration reactions of vitamin E. J Phys Chem B 104(4):856–862CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Oliva A, Dotta A, Multigner L (2009) Pentoxifylline and antioxidants improve sperm quality in male patients with varicocele. Fertil Steril 91(4):1536–1539CrossRef Oliva A, Dotta A, Multigner L (2009) Pentoxifylline and antioxidants improve sperm quality in male patients with varicocele. Fertil Steril 91(4):1536–1539CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ozbek E, Turkoz Y, Gokdeniz R, Davarci M, Ozugurlu F (2000) Increased nitric oxide production in the spermatic vein of patients with varicocele. Eur Urol 37(2):172–175CrossRef Ozbek E, Turkoz Y, Gokdeniz R, Davarci M, Ozugurlu F (2000) Increased nitric oxide production in the spermatic vein of patients with varicocele. Eur Urol 37(2):172–175CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Raman JD, Goldstein M (2004) Intraoperative characterization of arterial vasculature in spermatic cord. Urology 64(3):561–564CrossRef Raman JD, Goldstein M (2004) Intraoperative characterization of arterial vasculature in spermatic cord. Urology 64(3):561–564CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sakamoto Y, Ishikawa T, Kondo Y, Yamaguchi K, Fujisawa M (2008) The assessment of oxidative stress in infertile patients with varicocele. BJU Int 101(12):1547–1552CrossRef Sakamoto Y, Ishikawa T, Kondo Y, Yamaguchi K, Fujisawa M (2008) The assessment of oxidative stress in infertile patients with varicocele. BJU Int 101(12):1547–1552CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sautter T, Sulser T, Suter S, Gretener H, Hauri D (2002) Treatment of varicocele: a prospective randomized comparison of laparoscopy versus antegrade sclerotherapy. Eur Urol 41(4):398–400CrossRef Sautter T, Sulser T, Suter S, Gretener H, Hauri D (2002) Treatment of varicocele: a prospective randomized comparison of laparoscopy versus antegrade sclerotherapy. Eur Urol 41(4):398–400CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shirwaikar A, Shirwaikar A, Rajendran K, Punitha ISR (2006) In vitro antioxidant studies on the benzyl tetra isoquinoline alkaloid berberine. Biol Pharm Bull 29(9):1906–1910CrossRef Shirwaikar A, Shirwaikar A, Rajendran K, Punitha ISR (2006) In vitro antioxidant studies on the benzyl tetra isoquinoline alkaloid berberine. Biol Pharm Bull 29(9):1906–1910CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Skoog SJ, Roberts KP, Goldstein M, Pryor JL (1997) The adolescent varicocele: what's new with an old problem in young patients? Pediatrics 100(1):112–127CrossRef Skoog SJ, Roberts KP, Goldstein M, Pryor JL (1997) The adolescent varicocele: what's new with an old problem in young patients? Pediatrics 100(1):112–127CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tanrikut C, Goldstein M, Rosoff JS, Lee RK, Nelson CJ, Mulhall JP (2011) Varicocele as a risk factor for androgen deficiency and effect of repair. BJU Int 108(9):1480–1484CrossRef Tanrikut C, Goldstein M, Rosoff JS, Lee RK, Nelson CJ, Mulhall JP (2011) Varicocele as a risk factor for androgen deficiency and effect of repair. BJU Int 108(9):1480–1484CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tapanainen J, Tilly JL, Vihko KK, Hsueh AJ (1993) Hormonal control of apoptotic cell death in the testis: gonadotropins and androgens as testicular cell survival factors. Mol Endocrinol 7(5):643–650PubMed Tapanainen J, Tilly JL, Vihko KK, Hsueh AJ (1993) Hormonal control of apoptotic cell death in the testis: gonadotropins and androgens as testicular cell survival factors. Mol Endocrinol 7(5):643–650PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Tejada RI, Mitchell JC, Norman A, Marik JJ, Friedman S (1984) A test for the practical evaluation of male fertility by acridine orange (AO) fluorescence. Fertil Steril 42(1):87–91CrossRef Tejada RI, Mitchell JC, Norman A, Marik JJ, Friedman S (1984) A test for the practical evaluation of male fertility by acridine orange (AO) fluorescence. Fertil Steril 42(1):87–91CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Unal D, Yeni E, Verit A, Karatas OF (2001) Clomiphene citrate versus varicocelectomy in treatment of subclinical varicocele: a prospective randomized study. Int J Urol 8(5):227–230CrossRef Unal D, Yeni E, Verit A, Karatas OF (2001) Clomiphene citrate versus varicocelectomy in treatment of subclinical varicocele: a prospective randomized study. Int J Urol 8(5):227–230CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wang H, Sun Y, Wang L, Xu C, Yang Q, Liu B, Liu Z (2010) Hypoxia-induced apoptosis in the bilateral testes of rats with left-sided varicocele: a new way to think about the varicocele. J Androl 31(3):299–305CrossRef Wang H, Sun Y, Wang L, Xu C, Yang Q, Liu B, Liu Z (2010) Hypoxia-induced apoptosis in the bilateral testes of rats with left-sided varicocele: a new way to think about the varicocele. J Androl 31(3):299–305CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
The protective effect of coenzyme Q10 and berberine on sperm parameters, with and without varicocelectomy in rats with surgically induced varicoceles
Publikationsdatum
08.11.2018
Erschienen in
Comparative Clinical Pathology / Ausgabe 2/2019
Print ISSN: 1618-5641
Elektronische ISSN: 1618-565X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-018-2850-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2019

Comparative Clinical Pathology 2/2019 Zur Ausgabe

Neu im Fachgebiet Pathologie

Open Access 15.04.2024 | Biomarker | Schwerpunkt: Next Generation Pathology

Molekularpathologische Untersuchungen im Wandel der Zeit

11.04.2024 | Pathologie | Schwerpunkt: Next Generation Pathology

Vergleichende Pathologie in der onkologischen Forschung

Open Access 08.04.2024 | GIST | CME

Gastrointestinale Stromatumoren

Wo stehen wir?

03.04.2024 | Zielgerichtete Therapie | Schwerpunkt: Next Generation Pathology

Personalisierte Medizin in der Onkologie