Background
The study area
Methods
Ethnobotanical data collection
Data analysis
Results
Quantitative analysis
Voucher specimen | Species (Family)a | Local names | Indices | Ranking | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CI | RI | RFC | CI | RI | RFC | |||
GPE13 | Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) | Olìa | 0.35 | 0.80 | 0.37 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
GPE36 | Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae) | Bide | 0.35 | 1 | 0.43 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
GPE11 | Malva sylvestris L. subsp. sylvestris (Malvaceae) | Pramuzza | 0.25 | 0.76 | 0.33 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
GPE30 | Hordeum vulgare L. (Poaceae)) | Ozu | 0.12 | 0.38 | 0.12 | 4 | 7 | 6 |
GPE16 | Parietaria officinalis L. (Urticaceae) | Pigulosa | 0.10 | 0.57 | 0.17 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
GPE18 | Pistacia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae) | Chessa | 0.10 | 0.55 | 0.15 | 6 | 5 | 5 |
GPE12 | Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae) | Caboniglia | 0.08 | 0.35 | 0.08 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
GPE38 | Triticum durum Desf. (Poaceae) | Trigu | 0.08 | 0.51 | 0.12 | 8 | 6 | 7 |
GPE01 | Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae) | Chibudda | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.10 | 9 | 14 | 8 |
GPE33 | Quercus pubescens Willd. (Fagaceae) | Chelcu | 0.05 | 0.31 | 0.05 | 10 | 10 | 12 |
GPE23 | Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy (Crassulaceae) | Calighe de muru | 0.05 | 0.33 | 0.07 | 11 | 9 | 11 |
GPE02 | Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae) | Azu | 0.03 | 0.29 | 0.03 | 12 | 11 | 14 |
GPE43 | Apium nodiflorum Lag. (Apiaceae) | Apieddu | 0.03 | 0.29 | 0.03 | 13 | 12 | 15 |
GPE25 | Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi (Lamiaceae) | Nebida | 0.03 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 14 | 15 | 10 |
GPE39 | Linum usitatissimum L. (Linaceae) | Linu | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 15 | 18 | 17 |
GPE34 | Quercus suber L. (Fagaceae) | Suerzu | 0.03 | 0.27 | 0.02 | 16 | 13 | 22 |
GPE24 | Urtica dioica L. subsp. dioica (Urticaceae) | Pistija | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.05 | 17 | 16 | 13 |
GPE48 | Anagyris foetida L. (Leguminosae) | Giolva | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 18 | 23 | 23 |
GPE04 | Arundo donax L. (Poaceae) | Canna | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 19 | 24 | 24 |
GPE44 | Avena sativa L. (Poaceae) | Aena | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 20 | 25 | 25 |
GPE49 | Camellia sp. L. (Theaceae) | Camelia | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 21 | 26 | 26 |
GPE06 | Cistus creticus L. subsp. eriocephalus (Viv.) Greuter et Burdet (Cistaceae) | Mudeju | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 22 | 27 | 27 |
GPE41 | Citrus limon L. (Osbeck) (Rutaceae) | Limoni | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 23 | 28 | 28 |
GPE29 | Daphne gnidium L. (Thymelaeaceae) | Patteddu | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 24 | 29 | 29 |
GPE37 | Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae) | Pistinaca | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 25 | 30 | 30 |
GPE07 | Dipsacus fullonum L. (Caprifoliaceae) | Cardu aresti | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 26 | 31 | 31 |
GPE08 | Euphorbia characias L. (Euphorbiaceae) | Lattorigu | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 27 | 32 | 32 |
GPE09 | Ficus carica L. var. caprificus (Moraceae) | Crabufigu | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 28 | 33 | 33 |
GPE40 | Lavatera olbia L. Alef. (Malvaceae) | Prammutza ‘óina | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 29 | 17 | 16 |
GPE47 | Nasturtium officinale R.Br. (Brassicaceae) | Ascione | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 30 | 34 | 34 |
GPE31 | Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae) | Tabaccu | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 31 | 19 | 18 |
GPE15 | Opuntia ficus indica L. (Cactaceae) | Figuindia | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 32 | 35 | 35 |
GPE17 | Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. (Apiaceae) | Petrusimula | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 33 | 20 | 19 |
GPE51 | Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae) | Nerviadile | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 34 | 36 | 36 |
GPE19 | Prunus spinosa L. subsp. spinosa (Rosaceae) | Pruniskedda | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 35 | 21 | 20 |
GPE20 | Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Hypolepidaceae) | Filighe | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 36 | 22 | 21 |
GPE21 | Sambucus nigra L. (Adoxaceae) | Sambuccu | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 37 | 37 | 37 |
GPE46 | Santolina chamaecyparissus L. (Asteraceae) | Santulina | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 38 | 38 | 38 |
GPE22 | Smilax aspera L. (Smilacaceae) | Tetti | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 39 | 39 | 39 |
GPE42 | Smyrnium olusatrum L. (Apiaceae) | Lisandru | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
GPE35 | Vicia faba L. (Leguminosae) | Fae | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 41 | 41 | 41 |
GPE45 | Zea mays L. (Poaceae) | Triguìndia | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 42 | 42 | 42 |
Sources | Remedies (no.) | Ailments (no.) | Interviewees (no.) | Animal treated |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lard | 11 | 4 | 21 | Cattle a, horses |
Salt | 10 | 7 | 14 | Cattle a, horses |
Ashes | 9 | 6 | 13 | Cattle a, horses, pigs |
Copper sulphate | 8 | 3 | 11 | Cattle a, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, hens |
Clay | 6 | 5 | 6 | Cattle a, horses, little pigs |
Ozzu casu (fat obtained by boiling the milk cream with flour) | 6 | 5 | 10 | Cattle a, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, hens |
Ozzu seu (dried peritoneum of sheep) | 5 | 3 | 6 | Cattle a, dogs |
Brewer’s yeast | 4 | 4 | 10 | Cattle a, horses |
Cuttlefish bone (Sepia officinalis L.) | 3 | 2 | 6 | Cattle a, horses, pigs |
Frammentalzu (mother yeast for bakery) | 3 | 1 | 3 | Cattle a |
Ozzu porchinu (fat from lard) | 3 | 2 | 3 | Pigs, cows |
Ozzu brujadu (reused motor oil) | 3 | 2 | 7 | Pigs, oxen |
Knife | 3 | 3 | 3 | Cattle a |
Scissors | 3 | 1 | 4 | Cattle a |
Sugar | 3 | 2 | 4 | Cattle a |
Urine | 3 | 2 | 3 | Cows, pigs |
Beeswax | 2 | 1 | 2 | Cows |
Brine | 2 | 1 | 2 | Cattle a |
Creolin | 2 | 1 | 2 | Horses, pigs |
Cow’s milk | 2 | 2 | 2 | Cattle a, pigs |
Naphtha (diesel oil) | 2 | 2 | 3 | Cattle a |
Needle | 2 | 1 | 6 | Cows, oxen |
Seawater | 2 | 2 | 3 | Cattle a, horses |
Soap | 2 | 2 | 2 | Cows, oxen |
Warm water | 2 | 2 | 2 | Cattle a, cat |
A bath in the river | 1 | 1 | 1 | Oxen |
Acetylsalicylic acid | 1 | 1 | 2 | Horses |
Beer | 1 | 1 | 4 | Cattle a |
Blood of rabbit | 1 | 1 | 1 | Pigs |
Butter | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cattle a |
Cicatrene | 1 | 1 | 1 | Horses |
Coal | 1 | 1 | 1 | Horses |
Coffee | 1 | 1 | 2 | Cattle a |
Coke | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cattle |
Ethyl alcohol | 1 | 1 | 1 | Pigs |
Iodine | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cows |
Lead acetate | 1 | 1 | 1 | Horses |
Leech (Hirudo medicinalis L.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cattle a |
Lime | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cattle a |
Goat milk | 1 | 1 | 1 | Pigs |
Mud | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cattle a, horses, pigs, dog, cats, hens |
Peg | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cows |
Penicillin | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cows |
Petroleum | 1 | 1 | 2 | Cattlea |
Pig tail | 1 | 1 | 1 | Pigs |
Pins | 1 | 1 | 1 | Oxen |
Pumice stone | 1 | 1 | 2 | Pigs, dogs |
Red hot iron | 1 | 1 | 3 | Cattlea, horses |
Galloping | 1 | 1 | 1 | Horses |
Red hot spike | 1 | 1 | 1 | Horses |
Rope made of goat’s hair | 1 | 1 | 1 | Horses |
Rough stone | 1 | 1 | 1 | Pigs |
Silver coin (Five liras) | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cows |
Warm clothes | 1 | 1 | 1 | Horses |
Waxed thread | 1 | 1 | 1 | Pigs |
Wet clothes | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cattlea |
Sources | Indices | Ranking | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CI | RI | RFC | CI | RI | RFC | |
Lard | 0.32 | 0.60 | 0.35 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Salt | 0.20 | 0.53 | 0.23 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Copper sulphate | 0.19 | 0.37 | 0.18 | 3 | 6 | 4 |
Ozzu casu
a
| 0.19 | 0.48 | 0.17 | 4 | 3 | 6 |
Ashes | 0.16 | 0.39 | 0.22 | 5 | 5 | 3 |
Brewer’s yeast | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.17 | 6 | 15 | 5 |
Ozzu brujadu
b
| 0.10 | 0.33 | 0.12 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
Clay | 0.09 | 0.44 | 0.10 | 8 | 4 | 8 |
Cuttlefish bone | 0.09 | 0.32 | 0.10 | 9 | 8 | 9 |
Needle | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 10 | 16 | 10 |
Ozzu seu
c
| 0.09 | 0.32 | 0.10 | 11 | 9 | 11 |
Scissors | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 12 | 18 | 13 |
Seawater | 0.06 | 0.28 | 0.05 | 13 | 13 | 19 |
Sugar | 0.06 | 0.29 | 0.07 | 14 | 10 | 14 |
Frammentalzu
d
| 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 15 | 19 | 15 |
Knife | 0.04 | 0.28 | 0.05 | 16 | 11 | 16 |
Ozzu porchinu
e
| 0.04 | 0.28 | 0.05 | 17 | 12 | 17 |
Red hot iron | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 18 | 20 | 18 |
Urine | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 19 | 21 | 20 |
Acetylsalicylic acid | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 20 | 22 | 21 |
Beeswax | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 21 | 23 | 22 |
Brine | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 22 | 24 | 23 |
Coffee | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 23 | 25 | 24 |
Creolin | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 24 | 26 | 25 |
Cow’s milk | 0.03 | 0.27 | 0.03 | 25 | 14 | 26 |
Petroleum | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 26 | 27 | 27 |
Soap | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 27 | 28 | 29 |
Water | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 28 | 30 | 30 |
A bath in the river | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 29 | 31 | 31 |
Beer | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 30 | 17 | 12 |
Blood of rabbit | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 31 | 32 | 32 |
Butter | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 32 | 33 | 33 |
Cicatrene | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 33 | 34 | 34 |
Coal | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 34 | 35 | 35 |
Coke | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 35 | 36 | 36 |
Ethyl alcohol | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 36 | 37 | 37 |
Galloping | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 37 | 38 | 38 |
Iodine | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 38 | 39 | 39 |
Lead acetate | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 39 | 40 | 40 |
Leech (Hirudo medicinalis) | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 40 | 41 | 41 |
Lime | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 41 | 42 | 42 |
Goat milk | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 42 | 43 | 43 |
Mud | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 43 | 44 | 44 |
Naphtha (diesel oil) | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 44 | 45 | 45 |
Peg | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 45 | 46 | 46 |
Penicillin | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 46 | 47 | 47 |
Pig tail | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 47 | 48 | 48 |
Pins | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 48 | 49 | 49 |
Pumice stone | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 49 | 29 | 28 |
Red-hot spike | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
Rope made of hair (from goat) | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 51 | 51 | 51 |
Rough stone | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 52 | 52 | 52 |
Silver coin (Five liras) | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 53 | 53 | 53 |
Warm clothes | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 54 | 54 | 54 |
Waxed thread | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 55 | 55 | 55 |
Wet clothes | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 56 | 56 | 56 |
Ethno-veterinary treatments
Animals | Components of remedy** | Procedure | Areas |
---|---|---|---|
Mange | |||
Pigs, cows |
Lentisk oil
| Scrubbed on skin | Gallura |
Pigs | (*) Ozzu porchinu (fat from lard) | Mixed, scrubbed on nose | Monte Acuto |
Dogs |
Copper sulphate
| Scrubbed on infested skin | Goceano |
Dogs | Copper sulphate, olive oil | Scrubbed on infested skin | Nurra |
Pigs, dogs | (*) Copper sulphate, ozzu casu (fat obtained by boiling the cream of milk with flour), pumice stone | The skin was scrubbed using a pumice stone prior applying the mixture | Sassarese, Nurra |
Dogs | (*) Copper sulphate, ozzu seu (dried peritoneum of sheep) | Mixed, scrubbed on nose | Goceano |
Dogs | (*) Burnt cork | Scrubbed on nose | Goceano |
Cows | Albanian spurge (Euphorbia characias) stems | Stems of the plant applied on the infected skin | Sassarese |
Pigs | (*) Olive oil | Scrubbed on skin | Sassarese |
Pigs, oxen | (*) Ozzu brujadu (Reused motor oil) | Applied on the skin with a brush | Monte Acuto, Sassarese, Nurra, Gallura, Anglona |
Pigs | Seed oil, copper sulphate | Scrubbed on skin | Nurra |
Pigs | Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) bone | The powder scrubbed on skin | Sassarese |
Pigs | Diesel oil | Applied on the skin | Nurra |
Cattle a, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, hens | Dregs of olive oil, copper sulphate | Applied on the skin | Campidano di Oristano |
Lice | |||
Cattle a |
Olive oil
| Applied on the skin | Gallura |
Hens | Lesser calmint (Calamintha nepeta) | The plant was placed in the hen house so that the smell kept away lice | Sassarese |
Forest fly (musca caddina)(Hippobosca equina L.) | |||
Horses, cows |
Vinegar, olive oil
| Applied to the skin | Monte Acuto |
Cattle a | (*) Olive oil | Applied to the skin | Gallura |
Cattle, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, hens | Navelwort (Umbilicus rupestris) leaves | Crushed fresh leaves applied onto the wound | Gallura |
Su solde (Wounds infected by maggots) | |||
Cattlea, horses | (*) Plum tree (Prunus spinosa) leaves | Crushed fresh leaves applied onto the wound and wrapped with a bandage | Monte Acuto, |
Cattle a, pigs | Lesser calmint (Calamintha nepeta) | The fresh plants were smashed into a glass then the juice applied onto the wound | Monte Acuto, Meilogu |
Cattle a, horses, pigs | Ozzu casu (fat obtained by boiling the cream of the milk with flour) | Massaged on wound | Monte Acuto |
Foot rot | |||
Oxen | Knife | Needed to extract the worms | Monte Acuto |
Horses | Seawater | Hoof washed with sea water | Gallura |
Cattlea | Lime and water | Animals run through a foot bath | Gallura |
Cattle a | Hot ozzu seu (dried peritoneum of sheep) | Applied to the skin | Monte Acuto |
cattle a, pigs |
Copper sulphate
| Copper sulphate was ground and the powder was then applied to the foot | Sassarese, Anglona |
Liver flukes | |||
Cattle a | Brandy (distilled from grapes) | Given as a drink, administered as a preventive | Monte Acuto |
Animal | Components of remedy** | Procedure | Areas |
---|---|---|---|
Gastrointestinal infection, colics, diarrhoea | |||
Cattlea | Wild carrot (Daucus carota) leaves | Decoction given as feed | Barbagia di Nuoro |
Cattle a, pigs | Wheat bran | Bran mixed with water and given as feed | Gallura, Sassarese |
Cattle a | Wheat bran, coal | Coal grinded and mixed with wheat bran | Gallura |
Cattle a | Mallow (Malva sylvestris), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), olive oil | Decoction given as feed | Anglona |
Cats | Water, salt | Given to drink | Gallura |
Cats, horses |
Olive oil
| Given to drink | Gallura |
Cows, oxen | Linseed oil | Mixed with water and given to drink | Monte Acuto |
Horses, cattle a | (*) Brewer’s yeast, water | Yeast mixed with water, given to drink | Monte Acuto, Anglona |
Horses | Barley (Hordeum vulgare), water | Barley flour boiled with water given as feed | Monte Acuto |
Horses | Warm clothes | Warm clothes on belly | Monte Acuto |
Little pigs (Piglets) | (*) Dry clay | Given as feed | Sassarese |
Little pigs (Piglets) | Dry clay, barley (Hordeum vulgare) flour | Given as feed | Sassarese |
Cattle a | Blades of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) | Cut into pieces and given as feed | Sassarese |
Cattle a |
Vinegar
| Given to drink | Barbagia di Nuoro |
Cattlea | Brandy (distilled from grapes) | Given to drink | Barbagia di Nuoro |
Oxen | Pellitory of the wall (Parietaria officinalis), water | Decoction of the plants filtered and given to drink | Monte Acuto |
Cattle a | (*) Hay | Given as feed | Nurra |
Cattle a, horses, pigs | Mallow (Malva sylvestris), water | Decoction of the plants filtered and given to drink | Gallura |
Cows, oxen | Mallow (Malva sylvestris), water | Decoction of the plants filtered and given to drink | Monte Acuto |
Oxen | Tree mallow (Lavatera olbia) | Decoction of the plant filtered and given to drink | Monte Acuto |
Cattle a | Fababeans (Vicia faba), barley (Hordeum vulgare), water | Beans and barley flour boiled in water given as feed | Anglona |
Horses, oxen, calves | Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), water | Decoction of the plants filtered and given to drink | Meilogu, Goceano, Monte Acuto |
Horses | Lemon (Citrus limon) juice, water | Decoction of juice given to drink | Goceano |
Cattle a | Flax-leaved daphne (Daphne gnidium) berries | Some berries mixed with forage and given as feed | Gallura |
Abbentadura (Bloat) | |||
Cattle a |
Olive oil
| One liter of olive oil given to drink after 2 or 3 days of fasting | Gallura, Monte Acuto |
Cattle a | Rancid olive oil | Given to drink | Nurra |
Cattle a | Warm water | Given to drink | Monte Acuto |
Cattle a | Petroleum | Given to drink | Nurra |
Cattle a | Mallow (Malva sylvestris), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), olive oil | Decoction given as feed | Anglona |
Cows | Milk, salt, olive oil | The mixture given to drink | Monte Acuto |
Cattle a | Lard, parsley (Petroselinum crispum), onion (Allium cepa) | Onion bulbs, parsley and lard chopped, mixed, and given as feed to promote burping | Monte Acuto |
Cows, cattle a | (*) Brewer’s yeast, water | Mixed and given to drink | Monte Acuto, Sassarese, Meilogu |
Cows | Lard, wine, vinegar | Mixed and given as feed | Monte Acuto |
Cattle a | (*)Lard, onion (Allium cepa) | Mixed and given as feed to promote burping | Monte Acuto |
Cattle a | Onion (Allium cepa) | Crushed and given as feed | Monte acuto |
Cattle a |
Lard
| Crushed and given as feed | Gallura, Monte Acuto Sassarese, Meilogu, Anglona |
Cows | Lard, wet clothes | The lard was crushed and given as feed then a wet cloth was put on the animal | Monte Acuto |
Cattle a | Naphtha (diesel oil) | Three quarters of a liter of naphtha given in a bottle | Monte Acuto |
Cattle a | (*) Rancid lard | Crushed and given as feed, to promote burping | Monte Acuto, Nurra |
Cattle a | (*) Beer | Given to drink, to promote burping | Nurra, Sassarese |
Horses | Mallow (Malva sylvestris), vinegar, water | Decoction given to drink | Sassarese |
Cattle a | Olive oil, boiled wine | Mixed and given to drink | Monte Acuto, Gallura |
Cattle a | (*) Frammentalzu (mother yeast for bakery) | Dissolved in water and given to drink | Monte Acuto, Sassarese |
Cattle a | Frammentalzu (mother yeast for bakery), lard, olive oil | Crushed and given as feed | Monte Acuto |
Cattle, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, hens | Lentisk (Pistacia lentiscus) wood | Used to swab after incision of the vein under the belly | Campidano di Oristano |
Cows, cattle a | Pellitory of the wall (Parietaria officinalis) | Decoction of plants filtered and given to drink | Sassarese |
Horses | Galloping | Deflation occurred after the galloping of horses in a field | Goceano |
Cows | Olive oil, milk, salt | Give to drink | Monte Acuto |
Poisoning | |||
Cattle a | (*) Brewer’s yeast, water | As feed supplement | Nurra |
Oxen | Mallow (Malva sylvestris), water | Decoction of plants filtered and given to drink | Monte Acuto |
Constipation | |||
Cattle a, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, hens a, | Vinegar and olive oil | Mixed and given to drink | Anglona |
Cows | Mallow (Malva sylvestris), water | Decoction of plants filtered and given to drink | Barbagia di Orgosolo |
Cattle a |
Olive oil
| Given to drink | Anglona |
Horses | Lentisk fruits and leaves, water | Decoction of fruits and some leaves given to drink | Monte Acuto |
Refreshing | |||
Horses |
Smirnium olusatrum
| The plant was collected in the summer and administered as feed | Monte Acuto |
Cattle a | Brewer’s yeast, water | Mixed and given to drink | Nurra |
Oxen | Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), water | Decoction of leaves given to drink | Monte Acuto |
Oxen | Pellitory of the wall (Parietaria officinalis), water | Decoction of leaves given as beverage | Monte Acuto |
Post-partum collapse | |||
Cattle a | (*)Wine, sugar | Given to drink | Anglona |
Cattle a | Coffee, wine, sugar | Given to drink | Monte Acuto |
Angina pectoris | |||
Horses | Lard, olive oil | Massaged on the chest | Meilogu |
High blood pressure | |||
Cattle a | Leech (Hirudo medicinalis) | Anglona | |
Lack of appetite | |||
Cattle a | Barley flour with water or milk | Given to drink | Monte Acuto |
Cows | Fool’s-water-cress (Apium nodiflorum) | Fresh plant given as feed | Monte Acuto |
Indigestion | |||
Horses | Barley (Hordeum vulgare), avena (Avena sativa), corn (Zea mays), flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed, water, salt | Decoction of mixture given to drink | Sassarese |
Cattle a |
Olive oil
| One liter of olive oil after 2 or 3 days of fasting given to drink | Gallura |
Intestinal worms | |||
Cattle a | Garlic (Allium sativum), vinegar | Two cloves of crushed garlic in half a liter of vinegar given as feed | Anglona |
Horses | Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) root | Burnt fern root fumes were breathed by horses covered with a blanket | Monte Acuto |
Horses | Lavender cotton (Santolina chamaecyparissus), barley (Hordeum vulgare), | The dried plants given as feed | Barbagia di Nuoro |
Horses | Giant cane (Arundo donax) leaves | The leaves given as feed and after 4 days the horse was fine | Meilogu |
Animals | Components of remedy** | Procedure | Areas |
---|---|---|---|
Foot and mouth disease (aphtha) | |||
Oxen | Pins | Pinching the blister | Gallura |
Oxen | Fool’s-water-cress (Apium nodiflorum) | Fresh plant massaged in the tongue | Anglona |
Oxen | Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) | Fresh plant massaged in the tongue | Anglona |
Cattle a | Seawater | Mouth washes | Anglona |
Cows, oxen |
Needle
| Blisters on tongue were stung with a needle | Monte Acuto |
Cows | Needle, scissors, salt | The vein under the tongue was stung with a needle, then the blisters were cut with scissors and salt was added on the wounds | Monte Acuto, Gallura |
Cows | (*) Needle, salt | Blisters of tongue was stung with a needle and added with salt | Monte Acuto |
Cattle a | Vinegar, salt | Blisters of tongue were cut with a knife (or with a scissors) and tongue was disinfected with the mixture | Monte Acuto |
Oxen | Vinegar, salt | Mouth washes | Anglona |
Oxen | River | Oxen bathed in the river for several times | Monte Acuto |
Pigs, cows | Barley (Hordeum vulgare), water | Barley flour boiled with water given as feed | Monte Acuto |
Oxen |
Vinegar
| Mouth washes | Meilogu |
Cattle a | Brine | Applied to the tongue | Gallura |
Cattle a | Brine, vinegar | Applied to the tongue with a cloth | Goceano |
Cattle a, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, hens | Mud | Applied to the tongue | Anglona |
Swine fever | |||
Pigs | Milk goats | Intravenous injection | Monte Acuto |
Pigs | Blood of rabbit | Intravenous injection | Barbagia di Nuoro |
Fever | |||
Oxen | Mallow (Malva sylvestris) | Decoction of plants was filtered and given to drink | Monte acuto |
Mastitis | |||
Cows | Peg | The mammary vein was excised and then left bleeding, the haemorrhage was stopped by pinching the vessel with a peg | Sassarese |
Cattle a | Ashes, water | Ashes boiled in water and applied with a bandage | Monte Acuto, Sassarese, Anglona |
Cattle a | Vinegar, ash | Massaged on udder | Monte Acuto |
Cattle a, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, hens | Downy cork (Quercus pubescens) cortex, water | Cortex boiled in water until reddish, then the water was used to wash the udder | Barbagia di Nuoro |
Cattle a | Ozzu casu (fat obtained by boiling the cream of the milk with flour) | Massaged on udder | Sassarese, Nurra, Gallura |
Eyes infection | |||
Cattle a | Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) bone | Powder inserted into the eye or massaged around the eyes | Monte Acuto, Meilogu, Anglona |
Cattle a, horses | Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) bone | Powder inserted into the eye | Gallura, Sassarese |
Cattle a | Wild teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) | Eye washed with the plant decoction | Anglona |
Hoof infection | |||
Horses, oxen | Garlic (Allium sativum) | Crushed garlic application after nail clipping | Sassarese |
Horses, oxen | Burnt lard | Burnt lard application after nail clipping | Sassarese |
Oxen | Burnt sugar | The sugar was burnt over the wound | Monte Acuto |
Horses | Rope made of goat’s hair | Incision of the nail with a knife then hoof dressed with the hairy rope | Monte Acuto |
Cattle a | Clay, water | Applied on the hoof with a bandage | Gallura |
Blood poisoning (septicemia) | |||
Cows | Knife | Bleeding by incising the neck vein | Goceano |
Pigs | Cow’s milk | Intravenous injection | Monte Acuto |
Carbuncle | |||
Horses, cattle a | Red-hot iron | Cauterization of the vesicles | Barbagia di Nuoro, Goceano, Monte Acuto |
Respiratory diseases | |||
Dogs | Anagyris (Anagyris foetida) | The plant was put as a collar to the cold affected dog | Barbagia di Nuoro |
Calves, oxen | Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), water | Decoction of plants given as drink | Monte Acuto |
Oxen | Mallow (Malva sylvestris) | Decoction of plants given as drink | Anglona, Meilogu, |
Cattle a | Pellitory of the wall (Parietaria officinalis), water | Decoction of leaves given as drink | Anglona |
Oxen | Wild ficus tree (Ficus carica var., caprificus) | The oxen covered with a blanket had to breathe the fumes of burnt leaves of wild fig tree for 3 days | Monte Acuto |
Horses | Hot bran (Hordeum vulgare, Triticum durum) | Decoction of plant given as feed | Gallura |
Animals | Components of remedy** | Procedure | Areas |
---|---|---|---|
Wounds | |||
Oxen | Field mushroom | Dry powder applied on the wound | Monte Acuto |
Horses | Burnt lard | Massaged on the wound | Monte Acuto |
Horses | Acetylsalicylic acid | Massaged on the wound | Monte Acuto, Sassarese |
Horses | Coke | Massaged on the wound | Sassarese |
Horses | Cicatrene | Bought at the pharmacy | Sassarese |
Horses | (*) Camellia (Camellia sp.) | Decoction of the plant massaged on the wound | Barbagia di Nuoro |
Horses | Downy oak (Quercus pubescens) cortex, water | Cortex boiled in water applied on the wound, which was then wrapped up with a bandage | Anglona |
Oxen | Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves | Massaged on the wound | Monte Acuto |
Oxen | Navelwort (Umbilicus rupestris) leaves | Pounded fresh leaves applied to the wound | Monte Acuto |
Cattle a, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, hens | Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) | Pounded fresh leaves applied to the wound | Gallura, Anglona |
Cattle a, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, hens | Powder from stem (without bark) or bark from stem of lentisk (Pistacia lentiscus) | Stem powder or ground bark applied on the wound | Anglona, Monte Acuto |
Cattle a | Powder of bark from stem of lentisk (Pistacia lentiscus) salt | Applied on the wound | Sassarese |
Cattle a, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, hens | Navelwort (Umbilicus rupestris) leaves | Minced fresh leaves applied to the wound | Gallura |
Horses, cattle a | Mallow (Malva sylvestris), water, soap | The wound was washed with soap and water, then decoction of leaves or root applied on the wound, which was then wrapped with a bandage | Sassarese, Gallura |
Cattle a, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, hens |
Olive oil
| Applied on the wound | Anglona, Gallura |
Pigs, cattle | Ozzu casu (fat obtained by boiling the cream of milk with flour) | Applied on the wound | Campidano di Oristano |
Pigs, dogs | (*) Copper sulphate, ozzu casu (fat obtained by boiling the cream of milk with flour), pumice stone | Applied on the wound | Nurra |
Pigs | Olive oil, ashes | Mixture as emollient cream for wound treatments | Campidano di Oristano, Monte Acuto |
Pigs, cows |
Lentisk oil
| Applied on the wound | Gallura |
Cat |
Olive oil
| Applied on the wound | Gallura |
Cattle a | Butter | Applied on the wound | Monte Acuto |
Castration | |||
Pigs |
Olive oil
| Applied to the skin with a paintbrush | Sassarese |
Pigs | Ozzu brujadu (Reused motor oil) | Applied to the skin with a paintbrush | Sassarese |
Pigs | Olive oil, ashes | Mixture as emollient cream for wound treatments | Campidano di Oristano |
Pigs | Ozzu casu (fat obtained by boiling the cream of milk with flour) | Applied on the wound | Campidano di Oristano |
Pigs | Urine, ashes | Applied on the wound | Monte Acuto |
Pigs | Urine, piece of pig’s tail | Applied on the wound | Monte Acuto |
Pigs | Ethyl alcohol (or creolin in water), cord, hot wax | Ethyl alcohol (or creolin in water) and then the wound was sutured with a waxed thread | Monte Acuto |
Pigs, horses |
Ashes
| Applied on the wound | Anglona |
Pigs | Mallow (Malva sylvestris), | Applied on the wound | Anglona |
Horses | Creolin, water | Applied on the wound | Anglona |
Sprains | |||
Cattle a, horses | Downy oak (Quercus pubescens) cortex, salt, vinegar, clay | The cork boiled with salt and vinegar, crushed, then mixed with clay, applied to the sore area, wrapped with a bandage | Monte Acuto |
Horses | Pellitory of the wall (Parietaria officinalis), mallow (Malva sylvestris), Nettle (Urtica dioica), water | Decoction and plants wrapped in a bandage on the sore part | Monte Acuto |
Dogs | (*) Burnt cork | Applied to the wound | Goceano |
Bruises | |||
Cattle a, horses, pigs | Nettle (Urtica dioica) | Decoction and plants wrapped in a bandage on the sore part | Anglona |
Cattle a, horses, pigs | Pellitory of the wall (Parietaria officinalis) | Decoction and plants wrapped in a bandage on the sore part | Anglona |
Cattle a, horses, pigs | Mallow (Malva sylvestris), water | Decoction and plants wrapped in a bandage on the sore part | Anglona |
Horses | Mallow (Malva sylvestris), water, vinegar | Decoction and plants wrapped in a bandage on the sore part | Sassarese |
Wounds from saddle | |||
Horses |
Ashes
| Applied on the wound | Nurra, Gallura |
Wound from yoke | |||
Oxen | Cistus (Cistus monspeliensis) | The leaves applied at the inner base of the horns | Monte Acuto |
Oxen | Soap, water | The mixture applied at the inner base of the horns | Monte Acuto |
Pimples (Furuncles) | |||
Cows | Chijnada (ashes and water) | Ashes boiled in water and then the filtrate applied on the pimple | Monte Acuto |
Cows | Urine | As disinfectant | Monte Acuto |
Cows | Soap, water | Soap boiled in water and then the filtrate applied on the pimple | Monte Acuto |
Calves a | (*) Sarsaparille (Smilax aspera) | Decoction of plants wrapped in a bandage and put on the pimples | Monte Acuto |
Fissures | |||
Cows | (*) Ozzu porchinu (fat from lard), ozzu seu (dried peritoneum of sheep), beeswax | The mixture was boiled and stored in a jar until use | Monte Acuto |
Cows | (*) Beeswax | Massaged around the nipple | Monte Acuto |
Cows | (*) Greater plantain (Plantago major), ozzu seu (dried peritoneum of sheep) | The mixture was boiled and was used when milking | Monte Acuto |
Cows | Tincture of iodine, ozzu porchinu (fat from lard), ozzu seu (dried peritoneum of sheep), penicillin | The mixture massaged on the udder | Monte Acuto |
Swelling udder | |||
Cows | Silver coin (five liras) | Massaged on the udder | Monte Acuto |
Swelling throat | |||
Pigs | Rough stone | The throat was rubbed | Monte Acuto |
Hens | Vinegar, water | The mixture was applied on the throat | Anglona |
Cattle a | Wheat bran, water | Boiled brans placed in a bag and tied in the throat | Anglona |
Swelling limbs | |||
Horses |
Clay
| Applied to the limbs | Sassarese |
Horses | Lead acetate | Applied to the limbs | Sassarese |
Horses | (*) Clay, vinegar, salt | The mixture applied to the limbs | Sassarese |
Horses | Clay, vinegar, water | The mixture applied to the limbs | Monte Acuto |
Horses | Lead acetate, water | The mixture applied to the limbs | Sassarese |
Swelling shank | |||
Horses | Red hot pin | Puncture with an iron pin | Monte Acuto |
Materials | Uses | Areas |
---|---|---|
Tree wormwood (Artemisia arborescens) flowers | To prepare spirits | Anglona |
Ivy (Hedera helix) | Given to cows after giving birth | Barbagia di Nuoro |
Wheat (Triticum durum) bran | Given to pigs as feed | Gallura |
Albanian spurge (Euphorbia characias) stems | Stems used for catching eels | Sassarese |