Background
Methods
Study subjects
Study design
Randomization
Intervention
Study follow-up
Outcomes
Statistical analyses
Results
VBNA group (n = 65) | XRFA group (n = 64) |
P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (y, median; range) | 71 [48–86] | 70.5 [53–84] | 0.794 |
Male, n (%) | 46 (70.8) | 52 (81.3) | 0.217 |
Lesion size (mm, median; range) | 37.5 [30–97] | 39.0 [30–84] | 0.823 |
≤ 50 mm, n (%) | 49 (75.4) | 55 (85.9) | 0.181 |
Lesion location | 0.313 | ||
Rt. upper lobe, n (%) | 19 (29.2) | 14 (21.9) | |
Rt. middle lobe, n (%) | 5 (7.7) | 2 (3.1) | |
Rt. lower lobe, n (%) | 13 (20.0) | 19 (29.7) | |
Lt. upper lobe, n (%) | 21 (32.3) | 17 (26.6) | |
Lt. lower lobe, n (%) | 7 (10.8) | 12 (18.8) | |
Final diagnosis | 0.090 | ||
Primary lung cancer, n (%) | 56 (86.2) | 60 (93.8) | |
Other malignant diseases, n (%) | 3 (4.6) | 2 (3.1) | |
Non-malignant disease, n (%) | 6 (9.2) | 2 (3.1) | |
Frontal X-ray film | 0.493 | ||
Invisible | 2 (3.1) | 3 (4.7) | |
Visible | 63 (96.9) | 61 (95.3) | |
Bronchus sign | 0.119 | ||
Absent | 0 (0) | 3 (4.7) | |
Present | 65 (100) | 61 (95.3) | |
Location | 0.345 | ||
Central | 7 (10.8) | 4 (6.3) | |
Intermediate | 11 (16.9) | 17 (26.6) | |
Peripheral | 47 (72.3) | 43 (67.2) |
VBNA | XRFA |
P- value |
Odds ratio
|
95% Confidence
interval
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 50/65 (76.9) | 55/64 (85.9) | 0.258 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 4.6 |
Forceps | 48/65 (73.8) | 54/64 (84.4) | 0.142 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 4.6 |
Brush | 40/65 (61.5) | 47/64 (73.4) | 0.149 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 3.6 |
Lesion size | ||||||
≤ 50 mm | 36/49 (73.5) | 46/55 (83.6) | 0.236 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 4.8 |
> 50 mm | 14/16 (87.5) | 9/9 (100) | 0.400 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.4 |
Lobe | ||||||
Right upper | 15/19 (78.9) | 13/14 (92.9) | 0.278 | 3.5 | 0.3 | 35.1 |
Right middle | 4/5 (80.0) | 2/2 (100) | 0.714 | N/A | ||
Right lower | 12/13 (92.3) | 14/19 (73.7) | 0.197 | 0.2 | 0.02 | 2.3 |
Left upper | 14/21 (66.7) | 15/17 (88.2) | 0.120 | 3.8 | 0.7 | 21.2 |
Left lower | 5/7 (71.4) | 11/12 (91.7) | 0.296 | 4.4 | 0.3 | 60.6 |
Frontal X-ray film | ||||||
Invisible | 1/2 (50.0) | 3/3 (100) | 0.400 | N/A | ||
Visible | 49/63 (77.8) | 52/61 (85.2) | 0.357 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 4.2 |
Bronchus sign | ||||||
Absent | 0/0 (0) | 3/3 (100) | N/A | N/A | ||
Present | 50/65 (76.9) | 52/61 (85.2) | 0.263 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 4.3 |
Location | ||||||
Central | 5/7 (71.4) | 3/4 (75.0) | 0.721 | 1.2 | 0.07 | 19.6 |
Intermediate | 8/11 (72.7) | 15/17 (88.2) | 0.290 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 20.5 |
Peripheral | 37/47 (78.7) | 37/43 (86.0) | 0.418 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 5.1 |
EBUS | ||||||
Visualized | 50/62 (80.6) | 55/62 (88.7) | 0.319 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 5.2 |
Not visualized | 0/3 (0) | 0/2 (0) | ||||
Final diagnosis | ||||||
Primary lung cancer | 43/56 (76.8) | 53/60 (88.3) | 0.140 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 6.2 |
Metastatic lung tumor | 2/3 (66.7) | 1/2 (50.0) | 0.700 | 0.5 | 0.01 | 19.6 |
Benign | 5/6 (83.3) | 1/2 (50.0) | 0.464 | 0.2 | 0.01 | 6.6 |
VBNA | XRFA |
P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Bronchial generation of virtual bronchoscopic images (n, median) [range] | 4 [2-7] | N/A | N/A |
Endoscopically inserted bronchial generation (n, median) [range] | 4 [1-6] | 3 [1-6] | 0.025 |
Agreement between virtual bronchoscopic images and actual bronchi, n (%) | 61/65 (93.8) | N/A | N/A |
Confirmation of lesion by EBUS, n (%) | 62/65 (95.4) | 62/64 (96.9) | 0.507 |
Sampling by biopsy, (n, median) [range] | 5 [1-7] | 5 [0-12] | 0.434 |
Sampling by brushing (n, median) [range] | 2 [0-4] | 2 [1-5] | 0.983 |
Duration | |||
Total examination (min, median) [range] | 16.6 [7.6-36.5] | 18.5 [8.3-55.4] | 0.081 |
Examination before sample collection, (min, median) [range] | 5.9 [2.2-18.2] | 6.2 [2.0-33.1] | 0.371 |
Fluoroscopy exposure (min, median) [range] | N/A | 5.3 [2.5-32.8] | N/A |
Fluoroscopy before sample collection (min, median) [range] | N/A | 1.4 [0.2-20.2] | N/A |
Complications, n (%) | 1/65 (1.5) | 3/64 (4.7) | 0.304 |