Background
Methods
Study design
Data collection
Ethical considerations
Data treatment and analysis
Results
Characteristics of participants
Demographic characteristics | Descriptive Frequency | Bivariate Models | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K10 Score | Ideation/Attempt | |||||
Mean or N | SD or % | Estimate | 95%CI | Estimate | 95%CI | |
Age (years) | 30 | 9 | 0.98 | 0.968–1 | 1.01 | 0.995–1.025 |
18–24 | 255 | 33.3 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
25–44 | 450 | 58.8 | 1.23 | 0.903–1.686 | 1.18 | 0.886–1.567 |
45–65 | 60 | 7.8 | 0.55 | 0.285–1.001 | 1.39 | 0.824–2.326 |
Sex Orientation | ||||||
Straight/heterosexual | 622 | 81.5 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Gay/lesbian | 75 | 9.8 | 1.28 | 0.791–2.078 | 0.8 | 0.505–1.247 |
Bisexual | 54 | 7.1 | 1.47 | 0.839–2.57 | 0.99 | 0.593–1.655 |
Pansexual | 12 | 1.6 | 1.47 | 0.455–4.743 | 3.25 | 1.112–10.75 |
Education | ||||||
Primary school | 302 | 39.6 | 1.76 | 1.04–3.062 | 0.89 | 0.574–1.396 |
Middle school or high school | 388 | 50.9 | 1.37 | 0.817–2.362 | 0.77 | 0.502–1.195 |
Technical or university degree or more | 73 | 9.6 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Race/Skin Color | ||||||
White | 201 | 26.3 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Black or Parda (mixed race) | 535 | 70.1 | 1.36 | 0.98–1.911 | 0.7 | 0.516–0.938 |
Other | 27 | 3.5 | 0.86 | 0.352–1.964 | 0.79 | 0.369–1.677 |
Homeless before age 18 years | 203 | 26.6 | 1.5 | 1.086–2.074 | 1.51 | 1.116–2.038 |
Homeless after age 18 years | 301 | 39.4 | 1.87 | 1.391–2.512 | 1.96 | 1.495–2.582 |
Living situation | ||||||
Own a house or apartment | 139 | 18.2 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Rent a house or apartment | 313 | 41 | 1.06 | 0.697–1.613 | 0.83 | 0.574–1.214 |
Couch surfing with friends or family | 63 | 8.3 | 2.22 | 1.215–4.1 | 1.71 | 0.987–2.96 |
Homeless/shelter | 153 | 20.1 | 2.37 | 1.482–3.823 | 2.38 | 1.542–3.683 |
Other | 95 | 12.5 | 1.44 | 0.842–2.463 | 1.17 | 0.725–1.881 |
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 612 | 80.2 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Married/de facto | 127 | 16.6 | 0.9 | 0.608–1.331 | 1.5 | 1.054–2.127 |
Divorced or separated or widowed | 24 | 3.1 | 1.95 | 0.857–4.582 | 1.56 | 0.722–3.401 |
Monthly income in minimum wages (R$ 937 or approx. US$ 283/month) | ||||||
Up to 1 minimum wage | 356 | 46.7 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
1 to 2 minimum wages | 230 | 30.1 | 0.75 | 0.534–1.048 | 0.82 | 0.604–1.118 |
More than 2 minimum wages | 177 | 23.2 | 0.63 | 0.435–0.915 | 0.74 | 0.527–1.035 |
Recipient of financial social assistance from government | 154 | 20.2 | 1.08 | 0.757–1.547 | 1.7 | 1.229–2.366 |
Engagement in sex work | ||||||
Never | 121 | 15.9 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
In the past only | 260 | 34.1 | 1.31 | 0.834–2.069 | 1.29 | 0.871–1.923 |
Currently (partial source of income) | 126 | 16.5 | 1.84 | 1.103–3.097 | 1.21 | 0.765–1.909 |
Currently (sole source of income) | 256 | 33.6 | 1.73 | 1.108–2.737 | 0.63 | 0.424–0.944 |
Experiences of alcohol and drug use
Alcohol and Drug Use Characteristics | Descriptive Frequency | Bivariate Models | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K10 Score | Ideation/Attempt | |||||
N | % | Estimate | 95%CI | Estimate | 95%CI | |
Use of alcohol in the past 12 months | ||||||
No use of alcohol | 208 | 27.3 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Use of alcohol but not before or during sex | 146 | 19.1 | 0.71 | 0.454–1.1 | 0.65 | 0.439–0.969 |
Use of alcohol including before or during sex | 409 | 53.6 | 1.22 | 0.87–1.712 | 0.91 | 0.668–1.246 |
Use of cannabic drugs in the past 12 months | ||||||
No use of cannabic drugs | 406 | 53.2 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Use of cannabic drugs but not before or during sex | 79 | 10.4 | 1.41 | 0.867–2.29 | 0.86 | 0.537–1.358 |
Use of cannabic drugs including before or during sex | 278 | 36.4 | 1.17 | 0.86–1.598 | 1.26 | 0.95–1.672 |
Use of stimulant drugs in the past 12 months | ||||||
No use of stimulant drugs | 424 | 55.6 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Use of stimulant drugs but not before or during sex | 88 | 11.5 | 2.12 | 1.332–3.375 | 1.05 | 0.68–1.611 |
Use of stimulant drugs including before or during sex | 251 | 32.9 | 1.8 | 1.312–2.478 | 1.53 | 1.149–2.051 |
Use of other drugs in the past 12 months | ||||||
No use of other drugs | 486 | 63.7 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Use of other drugs but not before or during sex | 199 | 26.1 | 1.43 | 1.026–1.997 | 1.18 | 0.864–1.598 |
Use of other drugs including before or during sex | 78 | 10.2 | 1.6 | 0.988–2.588 | 1.51 | 0.975–2.33 |
Experiences of discrimination and violence
Variables | Descriptive Frequency | Bivariate Models | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K10 Score | Ideation/Attempt | |||||
N | % | Estimate | 95%CI | Estimate | 95%CI | |
Have experienced verbal abuse at least once in the past | 667 | 87.4 | 1.79 | 1.138–2.874 | 1.96 | 1.292–3.006 |
Have experienced physical abuse at least once in the past | 475 | 62.3 | 1.7 | 1.258–2.309 | 1.86 | 1.411–2.46 |
Have experienced sexual violence at least once in the past | 154 | 20.2 | 1.36 | 0.956–1.947 | 2.24 | 1.607–3.141 |
Mental health diagnosis and services received by participants
Variables | Descriptive Frequency | Bivariate Models | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K10 Score | Ideation/Attempt | |||||
N | % | Estimate | 95%CI | Estimate | 95%CI | |
Access to treatment for any mental health condition | ||||||
No, but did not look for treatment | 425 | 55.7 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
No and did look for treatment | 156 | 20.4 | 2.73 | 1.881–3.999 | 2.71 | 1.919–3.826 |
Yes | 182 | 23.9 | 1.39 | 0.973–1.98 | 2.52 | 1.814–3.497 |
Depression diagnosis | 146 | 19.1 | 3.01 | 2.08–4.408 | 4.27 | 3.003–6.121 |
Post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis | 41 | 5.4 | 1.83 | 0.972–3.49 | 5.5 | 2.848–11.34 |
Anxiety diagnosis | 202 | 26.5 | 1.94 | 1.406–2.695 | 2.26 | 1.668–3.065 |
Psychological distress (based on K10 results) | ||||||
None | 120 | 15.7 | 1 | – | ||
Mild | 323 | 42.3 | 2.27 | 1.485–3.529 | ||
Moderate | 252 | 33 | 4.27 | 2.755–6.707 | ||
Severe | 68 | 8.9 | 8.64 | 4.76–15.993 | ||
Suicidal ideation in lifetime | 191 | 25 | ||||
Suicide attempt in lifetime | 238 | 31.2 |