Background
Method
Participants and treatments
Measurements of IOS and pulmonary function
R20 | R5 − R20 | (R20 − PV) − ([R5 − R20] − PV) | |
---|---|---|---|
Central predominant (CP) type | ≥100% | < 100% | – |
≥100% | ≥100% | ≥0 | |
Peripheral predominant (PP) type | < 100% | ≥100% | – |
≥100% | ≥100% | < 0 | |
Resistless type | < 100% | < 100% | – |
AHQ and ACT
Measurement of FeNO
Statistical analysis
Results
Selection of participants
Baseline characteristics of the participants
All | Subtypes | Post-hoc test | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CP | PP | R | P | CP-PP | CP-R | PP-R | ||
n | 108 | 34 | 58 | 16 | ||||
Characteristics of the patients | ||||||||
Age | 47.9 (1.7) | 41.3 (2.7) | 52.0 (2.3) | 50.0 (4.0) | * | * | NS | NS |
Male/female (% of female) | 45/64 | 14/20 (58.8) | 19/39 (67.2) | 11/5 (31.1) | NS | |||
Duration of disease (years) | 4.9 (0.7) | 5.1 (1.3) | 5.4 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.7) | NS | |||
Smoker/non-smoker (% of smokers) | 68/40 | 20/14 (58.8) | 37/21 (63.8) | 11/5 (68.8) | NS | |||
BMI | 25.3 (0.5) | 25.6 (0.9) | 25.6 (0.6) | 23.8 (1.0) | NS | |||
Total IgE level (IU/mL) | 410.0 (60.4) | 440.1 (138.8) | 389.9 (79.9) | 426.7 (87.0) | NS | |||
Eosinophil in the blood (/μl) | 278.4 (18.9) | 227.6 (138.9) | 306.4 (22.4) | 271.4 (36.1) | NS | |||
FeNO (ppb) | 71.0 (5.8) | 54.9 (9,7) | 72.4 (8.0) | 100.0 (13.0) | NS | |||
Spirometric values | ||||||||
% FVC | 80.9 (1.7) | 82.6 (2.9) | 77.0 (2.4) | 91.0 (2.3) | ** | NS | NS | * |
% FEV1 | 67.3 (1.9) | 72.4 (3.1) | 61.4 (2.7) | 77.9 (2.0) | ** | * | NS | ** |
FEV1/FVC ratio | 69.4 (1.1) | 75.1 (1.9) | 65.2 (1.5) | 72.8 (2.3) | ** | ** | NS | * |
%MMEF | 33.9 (2.0) | 43.8 4.0) | 26.1 (2.1) | 41.3 (4.2) | ** | ** | NS | ** |
% PEF | 73.1 (2.4) | 74.2 (3.5) | 66.4 (3.4) | 95.3 (4.0) | ** | NS | ** | ** |
Therapeutic evaluation with the AHQ
Therapeutic evaluation with ACT
Therapeutic effects on pulmonary function and IOS
All | Subtypes | P | Post-hoc test | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CP | PP | R | CP-PP | CP-R | PP-R | ||||
FeNO (ppm) | |||||||||
Pre | 70.6 | 54.9 | 72.4 | 93.1 | NS | ||||
Post | 28.8 | 27.4 | 26.7 | 31.9 | NS | ||||
** | * | ** | ** | ||||||
Impulse oscillometry | |||||||||
R5 (kPa/L/s) | Pre | 0.46 | 0.44 | 0.53 | 0.25 | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Post | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.22 | ** | NS | ** | ** | |
** | ** | ** | NS | ||||||
R20 | Pre | 0.31 | 0.37 | 0.30 | 0.22 | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Post | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.19 | ** | ** | ** | ** | |
** | ** | ** | NS | ||||||
R5-R20 | Pre | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.23 | 0.03 | ** | ** | NS | ** |
Post | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.02 | ** | ** | NS | ** | |
** | NS | ** | NS | ||||||
X5 | Pre | −0.24 | −0.16 | −0.33 | −0.12 | ** | ** | NS | ** |
Post | −0.12 | −0.12 | −0.13 | −0.09 | * | NS | NS | * | |
** | ** | ** | ** | ||||||
Fres | Pre | 19.8 | 15.7 | 24.0 | 14.0 | ** | ** | NS | ** |
Post | 14.2 | 12.2 | 15.9 | 11.4 | ** | * | NS | ** | |
** | ** | ** | * | ||||||
AX | Pre | 1.84 | 0.81 | 2.91 | 0.39 | ** | ** | NS | ** |
Post | 0.54 | 0.38 | 0.69 | 0.24 | ** | * | NS | ** | |
** | ** | ** | * | ||||||
Spirometric values | |||||||||
%FVC | Pre | 80.9 | 82.6 | 77.0 | 91.0 | * | NS | NS | ** |
Post | 99.0 | 97.8 | 99.2 | 100.4 | NS | ||||
** | ** | ** | * | ||||||
%FEV1 | Pre | 67.5 | 72.4 | 61.4 | 77.9 | ** | * | NS | ** |
Post | 92.7 | 94.2 | 91.2 | 95.2 | NS | ||||
** | ** | ** | ** | ||||||
FEV1/FVC ratio | Pre | 69.6 | 75.1 | 65.2 | 72.8 | ** | ** | NS | * |
Post | 78.9 | 81.9 | 77.0 | 80.3 | * | * | NS | NS | |
** | ** | ** | ** | ||||||
%MMEF | Pre | 34.0 | 43.8 | 26.1 | 41.3 | ** | ** | NS | ** |
Post | 61.0 | 67.9 | 55.5 | 68.2 | * | NS | NS | NS | |
** | ** | ** | ** | ||||||
%PEF | Pre | 73.1 | 74.2 | 66.4 | 95.3 | ** | NS | ** | ** |
Post | 103.9 | 100.9 | 102.4 | 115.3 | * | NS | * | ** | |
** | ** | ** | ** |
%FVC | %FEV1 | FEV1/FVC ratio | %MMEF | %PEF | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R5 | r | 0.3 | 0.42 | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.54 |
P | 0.0013** | 5.3E–06** | 6.9E–07** | 7.8E–07** | 2.3E–09** | |
R20 | r | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.27 |
P | 0.85 | 0.54 | 0.44 | 0.24 | 0.005** | |
R5 − R20 | r | 0.36 | 0.52 | 0.58 | 0.54 | 0.52 |
P | 0.0005** | 1.2E–08** | 9.0E–09** | 2.9E–09** | 6.9E–09** | |
X5 | r | 0.51 | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.54 | 0.64 |
P | 2.3E–08 ** | 9.9E–13** | 1.2E–12** | 1.8E–09** | 9.0E–14** | |
Fres | r | 0.45 | 0.61 | 0.65 | 0.6 | 0.55 |
P | 8.6E–07** | 2.2E–12** | 4.4E–14** | 4.1E–10** | 6.7E–10** | |
AX | r | 0.47 | 0.61 | 0.62 | 0.55 | 0.61 |
P | 2.2E–07** | 4.1E–12** | 5.7E–13** | 6.5E–10** | 3.3E–12** |