Introduction
Cell line studies
Tumor type | Targets/ Regulators and Signaling Pathways | Cell line | Function | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Neuroblastoma | MYCN | SK-N‐BE(2), NB‐19, and SH‐EP Tet21N | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ proliferation, migration, and invasion | [7] |
Circ-CUX1, DMRT2 | HUVEC, GI-LI-N, SK-N-SH and IMR-32 | ∆ Circ-CUX1 (which suppresses miR-16-5p): ↓ proliferation, migration, invasion , and glycolysis | [8] | |
Osteosarcoma | Smad3 | hFOB1.19, MG63, SaOS2, HOS, and U2OS | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ proliferation, migration, invasion, and ↑ therapeutic effect of cisplatin | [9] |
TSPAN15, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway | hFOB 1.19, MG63, Saos2 and HOS | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ viability, migration, invasion | [10] | |
LINC00662, ITPR1 | U2OS, SAOS-2, 143B, and MG63, HFOB 1.19 | ∆ LINC00662 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ proliferation, migration, invasion , and stemness property maintenance | [23] | |
hsa_circ_0005721, TEP1 | hFOB, 143B, U-2OS, HOS and Saos-2 | ∆ hsa_circ_0005721 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ viability, migration, invasion | [24] | |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | AGAP2-AS1, ANXA11, AKT signaling | LO2, Hep3B, HCCLM3, Huh7, MHCC-97 H and SMMC-7721 | ↑↑ AGAP2-AS1: ↑ proliferation, migration, invasion , and ↓ apoptosis | [11] |
IGF1R | SMMC-7721, HL-7702 | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT process | [12] | |
TTN-AS1, cyclin E1, PTEN/Akt signaling pathway | Bel7404 and HepG2 | ∆ TTN-AS1 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ sorafenib resistance, ↑ apoptosis ∆ miR-16-5p: ↑ sorafenib resistance, ↓ apoptosis | [13] | |
SNHG22, EZH2, DNMT1 | HLE-3, Huh7, HCCLM6, MHCC97H and SNU-398 | ∆ SNHG22 (which suppresses the transcription of miR-16-5p): ↓ proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis ∆ miR-16-5p: ↑ proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis | [14] | |
Cervical cancer | CARM1 | HeLa, C-33 A, CaSki, HeLa229, SiHa, END1/ E6E7 | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ colony formation, and radioresistance, ↑ apoptosis | [15] |
PDK4 | HeLa, SiHa, HeLa/Dox, and SiHa/Dox | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ proliferation, glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP levels, and resistance to Dox treatment | [16] | |
DLX6-AS1, ARPP19 | End1/E6E7, SiHa, HeLa, C-33 A, and CaSki | ∆ DLX6-AS1 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ proliferation, migration, and EMT process, ↑ apoptosis | [25] | |
Breast cancer | AKT3, NF-κB pathway | BT-549 and MCF-7 | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ proliferation, migration, ↑ apoptosis, cell cycle arrest | [17] |
ANLN | MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, EMF-192 A, SKBR-3 and MCF-10 A, HEK293T | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ proliferation, migration, invasion, and ↑ apoptosis, G2/M phase arrest | [18] | |
VEGFA , Hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α) | MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-468 and T47D, MCF10A | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ proliferation, invasion, colony formation, ↑ apoptosis | [19] | |
ATXN8OS, VASP | MCF-10 A MCF-7, and BT-549 | ∆ ATXN8OS (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↑ tamoxifen sensitivity | [20] | |
Gliomas | WEE1, CHEK1 and MCL1 | A172, T98G, U251MG, U138MG and U87MG, TP365MG | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ proliferation, viability, ↑ apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, response to irradiation and chemotherapy histone deacetylase inhibitor TS treatment: ↑ miR-16-5p ∆ HDAC3: ↑ miR-16-5p | [21] |
TLN1 | T98G and A172 | TIIA treatment: ↑ miR-16-5p ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ proliferation, migration, invasion | [22] | |
Neuroendocrine tumors | SSTR2 | INS-1 rat insulinoma cell line and GH3 rat pituitary GH- and PRL-producing cell line | octreotide treatment: ↑ miR-16-5p ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ Proliferation, ↑ SSTR2 expression | [26] |
Chordoma | Smad3 | U-CH1 and U-CH2 | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ proliferation, migration, invasion | [27] |
LINC00662, RNF144B | U-CH1 and U-CH2 | ∆ LINC00662 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ proliferation, migration, invasion, colony formation, and EMT process | [28] | |
Gastric cancer | PD-L1 | PBMCs and CD3+ T cells AGS and NCI-N87 | M1 Macrophage-Secreted Exosomes Carrying miR-16-5p: ↑ polarization of macrophages to its M1 phenotype, and T cell activation, ↓ PD-L1 expression | [29] |
Smad3 | BSG823 and SGC-7901 | Melatonin treatment: ↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis | [30] | |
LINC00649, YAP1, Hippo signaling pathway | MGC-803 and SGC-7901 | ∆ LINC00649 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ proliferation, migration, viability, ↑ apoptosis | [31] | |
LINC00473, CCND2 | BGC823, AGS, MKN-45, NCI-N87, GES-1 | ∆ LINC00473 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ proliferation, migration, invasion, ↑ apoptosis, cell arrest | [32] | |
Lung cancer | WEE1 | GLC-82 and HTB-182 | Quercetin: ↑ miR-16-5p ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ proliferation, colony formation, viability, ↑ apoptosis, and radiosensitivity | [33] |
Linc00210, PTK2 | BEAS-2B, A549, Calu-3, H1299, SPCA-1, and PC-9 | ∆ Linc00210 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ proliferation, invasion, ↑ apoptosis | [34] | |
XIST, WEE1 | H157, HCC827, A549 and H838 | ∆ XIST (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ colony formation, viability, ↑ apoptosis, and radiosensitivity | [35] | |
Colorectal cancer | PVT1, VEGFA, VEGFR1, AKT signaling | FHC, HCT116 and SW480, and HEK293T | ∆ PVT1 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ proliferation, migration, and invasion ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ proliferation, migration, and invasion | [36] |
ALDH1A3, PKM2 | HCT116, LoVo, DLD1 and RKO | CuET treatment: ↑ miR-16-5p and miR-15b-5p: ↓ glycolysis, viability and ↑ G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis ∆ ALDH1A3 (a target of mir-16-5p): ↓ viability and clonogenicity | [37] | |
ITGA2 | Caco-2, SW480, SW620, LoVo, and HT29 | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ proliferation, migration, and invasion, ↑ apoptosis ∆ miR-16-5p: ↑ proliferation, migration, and invasion, ↓ apoptosis | [38] | |
Erythroleukemia | MEL cells | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↑ erythroid differentiation of MEL cells by regulating ribosome biogenesis | [39] | |
Prostate cancer | AKT3 | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ cell survival, ↑ cell cycle distribution and apoptosis | [40] | |
Cyclin D1/E1-pRb-E2F1 pathway | LNCaP | Ionizing radiation: ↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ proliferation, viability, and ↑ G0/G1 phase arrest | [41] | |
Chondrosarcomas | VEGF-A, PI3K/Akt signaling | JJ012, SW1353 | Resistin treatment: ↓ miR-16-5p: ↑ VEGF-A-dependent EPCs angiogenesis | [42] |
Giant cell tumor of bone | BMM cells | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis | [43] | |
Papillary thyroid carcinoma | SNHG12 | PTC cell lines | ∆ SNHG12 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ proliferation, migration and invasion and ↑ apoptosis | [44] |
Renal cell carcinoma | PVT1 | HK-2, A498, 786-O, ACHN and Caki-1 | ∆ PVT1 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ proliferation, migration invasion, EMT process, and ↑ apoptosis ∆ miR-16-5p: ↑ proliferation, migration invasion, EMT process, and ↓ apoptosis | [45] |
Bladder cancer | BIMP1/NFκB signaling pathway | T24 and 5637 | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ viability, ↑ autophagy and apoptosis | [46] |
LINC00649, JARID2 | HCV-29, UMUC2, SW780, and T24 | ∆ LINC00649 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ proliferation, migration, and invasion | [47] | |
Cholangiocarcinoma | R-2HG, ERα, YAP1 | QBC939, HuCCT1, and HEK293T | IDH mutations: ↑ R-2HG production ↑ R-2HG: ↑ degradation of FTO so ↓ protein translation of the ERα: ↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ YAP1: ↓ proliferation and cell growth | [48] |
Animal studies
Tumor Type | Animal models | Results | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Neuroblastoma | NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ bioluminescence, tumor size, and tumor weight | [7] |
BALB/c nude mice | ∆ Circ-CUX1 (which suppresses miR-16-5p): ↓ tumor size, tumor weight, and tumor growth | [8] | |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | female BALB/c nude mice | ↑↑ AGAP2-AS1: ↑ tumor growth and metastasis ∆ AGAP2-AS1: ↓ tumor growth and metastasis | [11] |
male Balb/c nude mice | ∆ TTN-AS1 (which suppresses miR-16-5p): ↓ tumor size, tumor weight, sorafenib resistance | [13] | |
male BALB/c nude mice | ∆ SNHG22 (which suppresses the transcription of miR-16-5p): ↓ tumor growth and angiogenesis | [14] | |
Cervical cancer | BALB/c nude mice | ∆ PDK4 (a target of miR-16-5p): ↑ chemotherapy efficiency | [16] |
BALB/c nude mice | ∆ DLX6-AS1 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ tumor sizes, volumes, and weights | [25] | |
Breast cancer | BALB/c nude mice | ∆ mir-16-5p: ↑ tumor volume, proliferation and metastasis | [17] |
nude mice | ↑↑ mir-16-5p: ↓ tumor growth | [19] | |
BALB/c nude mice | ∆ ATXN8OS (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↑ tamoxifen sensitivity | [20] | |
Chordoma | BALB/c athymic nude mice | ↑↑ mir-16-5p: ↓ tumor volume and proliferation | [27] |
BALB/c nude mice | ∆ LINC00662 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ tumor volumes and tumor weight | [28] | |
Gastric cancer | BALB/c mice and NOD/SCID nude mice | M1 macrophage-secreted exosomes carrying miR-16-5p: ↓ tumor growth, volume and weight | [29] |
female BALB/c nude mice | ∆ LINC00649 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ tumor growth | [31] | |
female BALB/c-nude mice | ∆ LINC00649 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ tumor growth, tumor weight proliferation, and metastasis | [32] | |
Lung cancer | nude mice | ∆ LINC00649 (which sponges miR-16-5p): ↓ tumor growth, volume and weight | [34] |
Colorectal cancer | male BALB/c nude mice | ↑↑ mir-16-5p: ↓ tumor volume and weight | [36] |
male nude mice | CuET treatment: ↓ tumor volume and growth, ↑ apoptosis | [37] | |
BALB/c nude mice | ↑↑ mir-16-5p: ↓ tumor volume and growth | [38] | |
Chondrosarcoma | male nude mice | ↑↑ Resistin: vessel markers VEGF-A and CD31, EPC markers CD34 and CD133, and vessel formation | [42] |
Bladder cancer | male BALB/c nude mice | ↑↑ miR-16-5p: ↓ tumor volume, weight, and growth | [46] |
Cholangiocarcinoma | female nude mice | ↑↑ R-2HG (which increases levels of miR-16-5p) : ↓ tumor growth | [48] |
Human studies
Tumor type | samples | Expression of miR-16-5p or other genes (Tumor vs. Normal) | Kaplan-Meier analysis (impact of miR-16-5p dysregulation) | Association of expression of miR-16-5p or expression of other genes with clinicopathologic characteristics | Method by which RNA was detected | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neuroblastoma | R2 database, containing 105 NB patients | Down | [7] | |||
50 pairs of tumor tissues and FAM tissues | Upregulation in circ-CUX1 (which sponges miR-16-5p) | Lower OS | Upregulation in circ-CUX1 was correlated with advanced TNM stage, low differentiation grade and lymph node metastasis. | [8] | ||
Osteosarcoma | 40 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Down | Lower OS | SYBR® Premix Ex TaqTM Kit | [9] | |
51 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Upregulation in LINC00662 (which sponges miR-16-5p) | Lower OS | Upregulation in LINC00662 was correlated with distant metastasis, TNM stage, and tumor size. | [23] | ||
30 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Upregulation in hsa_circ_0005721 (which sponges miR-16-5p) | SYBR®Premix Ex Taq™ | [24] | |||
Hepatocellular carcinoma | 137 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Upregulation in AGAP2-AS1 (which sponges miR-16-5p) Downregulation in miR-16-5p | Upregulation in LINC00662 was correlated with large tumor size, metastasis, recurrence and high histological grade tissues | - | [11] | |
100 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Downregulation in miR-16-5p | SYBR PrimeScriptTM RT-PCR Kit | [12] | |||
60 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Upregulation in SNHG22 (which suppresses transcription of miR-16-5p) | Lower OS | SYBR Green PCR kit | [14] | ||
Cervical cancer | 63 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Upregulation in CARM1 (a target of miR-16-5p) Downregulation in miR-16-5p | Upregulation in CARM1 was correlated with higher clinical staging and poorer tumor differentiation | SYBR Green PCR kit | [15] | |
Gliomas | 72 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Downregulation in miR-16-5p | SYBR Green I fluorescence method | [17] | ||
GEO and TCGA databases | Upregulation in ANLN (a target of miR-16-5p) | Lower OS | [18] | |||
40 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Downregulation in miR-16-5p | SYBR Green kit | [19] | |||
22 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Upregulation in ATXN8OS (which sponges miR-16-5p) | SYBR® Premix Ex TaqTM reagent | [20] | |||
Gliomas | 79 patients with astrocytic gliomas and 9 non-neoplastic brain samples | Downregulation in miR-16-5p | TaqMan probe | [21] | ||
Chordoma | 12 chordoma tissues and 12 nucleus pulposus tissues 10 chordoma tissues and 5 nucleus pulposus tissues | Downregulation in miR-16-5p | SYBR-Green PCR Master Mix | [27] | ||
30 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Upregulation in LINC00662 (which sponges miR-16-5p) | RT2 SYBR Green FAST Mastermix or miScript SYBR Green PCR Kit | [28] | |||
Gastric cancer | 54 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs TCGA dataset | Downregulation in miR-16-5p | One-Step TB Green TM PrimeScript TM RT-PCR kit | [31] | ||
53 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Upregulation in Linc00210 (which sponges miR-16-5p) | Upregulation in LINC00473 was correlated with a higher risk of lymphatic metastasis, a higher incidence of vascular cancer embolus, and advanced TNM stage. | TB Premix Ex Taq | [32] | ||
Lung cancer | 40 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Upregulation in Linc00210 (which sponges miR-16-5p) | SYBR Premix Ex Taq II and Perfect Real Time | [34] | ||
31 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Upregulation in XIST (which sponges miR-16-5p) | SYBR Green Master Mix | [35] | |||
Colorectal cancer | 72 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Upregulation in PVT1 (which sponges miR-16-5p) | Lower OS | Upregulation in PVT1 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) stage | SYBR Green | [36] |
42 pairs of tumor tissues and ANCTs | Upregulation in ALDH1A3 (a target of miR-16-5p) | Lower OS | [37] | |||
GEO database: GSE75970, GSE74602, GSE89076, and GSE10950 | Upregulation in ITGA2 (a target of miR-16-5p) | [38] | ||||
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | 224 CLL cases and 224 matched controls | miR-16-5p levels were unrelated to CLL risk. | TaqMan probes | [49] | ||
Chondrosarcoma | 9 human chondrosarcoma tissues and 9 normal cartilage | Downregulation in miR-16-5p | [42] | |||
Giant cell tumor of bone | 17 GCT tissue and 4 cancellous bone as controls | Downregulation in miR-16-5p | iTaq™ Universal SYBR Green Supermix | [43] | ||
Ovarian cancer | 142 ovarian cancer patients, and 97 healthy controls | Upregulation in miR-16-5p | No correlation between the gene expression levels, and the survival time | [50] | ||
Renal cell carcinoma | 25 patients with ccRCC | Upregulation in PVT1 (which sponges miR-16-5p) | Upregulation in PVT1 was correlated with TNM stage, Fuhrman grade, lymph node metastasis and tumor size. | SYBR Green | [45] |