Alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters and DNA status in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and treated with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide

Chemotherapy medicates cancer via killing cells. It may destroy both cancer and normal cells. This research was performed to investigate the influences of cisplatin and cyclophosphamide on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice through some hematological, biochemical, molecular, and pathological studies. A total of 80 healthy female Swiss mice were equally divided into four groups. Group 1 was kept as the negative control. Groups 2 to 4 were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with 2.5 × 10⁶ EAC where mice in group 2 were kept as the positive control without treatment. Groups 3 and 4 were injected IP daily for 12 days with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide with 10-mg/kg and 100-mg/kg body weight respectively. Blood and tissue samples were collected after 12 days post treatment. Erythrogram revealed macrocytic normochromic anemia in the EAC group. Group 3 showed normocytic normochromic anemia. Group 4 proved macrocytic hypochromic anemia. Thrombocytopenia was detected in gps. 3 and 4. Leukogram revealed significant accretion in total leukocytic, granulocytic, and monocytic counts in gp. 2. On the contrary, gps. 3 and 4 clarify significant drop in these parameters with granulocytosis. A significant perquisite in the liver markers (ALP, AST,and ALT), uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels were seen all over the experimental periods in all groups. On the other side, total proteins and albumin levels manifested significant dwindling in gp. 2 followed by gp. 4 then gp. 3, where globulin level elucidates significant diminution in gps. 3 and 4, and non-significant decrease was recorded in gp. 2. These results were confirmed by damage in liver and kidney tissues monitored by pathological examination and comet assay.