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Erschienen in: Die Dermatologie 4/2020

17.02.2020 | Analkarzinom | Leitthema

Anale Dysplasien und Analkarzinom

verfasst von: Ulrike Wieland, Frank Oellig, Prof. Dr. med. Alexander Kreuter

Erschienen in: Die Dermatologie | Ausgabe 4/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Anale intraepitheliale Neoplasien (AIN) und 89–100 % der Analkarzinome werden durch persistierende Infektionen mit Hochrisiko(HR)-humanen Papillomviren (HPV) verursacht. Bei HIV(„human immunodeficiency virus“)-positiven Patienten sind anale HPV-Infektionen und AIN sehr häufig, und diese Patienten haben ein stark erhöhtes Risiko für die Entwicklung eines Analkarzinoms. Auch in der Allgemeinbevölkerung wird jedoch in den letzten Jahrzehnten ein kontinuierlicher Anstieg der Analkarzinominzidenz beobachtet. AIN kann sich klinisch vielfältig präsentieren und bei HIV-positiven Patienten auch in Kondylomen verborgen sein. Etwa 3–14 % der hochgradigen AIN schreiten innerhalb von 5 Jahren zu Analkarzinomen fort. Deshalb sollten Screeninguntersuchungen für Patienten mit erhöhtem Analkarzinomrisiko angeboten werden. Die Therapieoptionen für AIN ähneln denen für Kondylome. HIV-positive Patienten mit kontrolliertem Immunstatus und HIV-negative Patienten mit Analkarzinom sprechen vergleichbar gut auf eine kombinierte Radiochemotherapie an. Eine deutschsprachige AWMF (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V.) S3-Leitlinie zum Analkarzinom wird 2020 vorliegen. Bei HIV-positiven Patienten über 26 Jahre zeigte die HPV-Impfung in einer kontrollierten Phase-3-Studie keinen Effekt. Um AIN und Analkarzinom zukünftig zu verhindern, müssen die HPV-Impfraten bei HPV-naiven Mädchen und Jungen erhöht werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Anale Dysplasien und Analkarzinom
verfasst von
Ulrike Wieland
Frank Oellig
Prof. Dr. med. Alexander Kreuter
Publikationsdatum
17.02.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Dermatologie / Ausgabe 4/2020
Print ISSN: 2731-7005
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7013
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-020-04548-9

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IPD-Fallzahlen & Pneumokokken-Impfung bei Kindern in Deutschland

Das Niveau der postpandemischen Fallzahlen für invasive Pneumokokken-Erkrankungen (IPD) ist aus Sicht des Referenz-Zentrums für Streptokokken in Aachen alarmierend [1]. Wie sich die monatlichen IPD-Fallzahlen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen von Juli 2015 bis März 2023 entwickelt haben, lesen Sie hier.

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HPV-Impfung: Auch für junge Erwachsene sinnvoll und wichtig

Auch nach dem 18. Lebensjahr kann eine HPV-Impfung sinnvoll und wichtig sein. Viele gesetzliche Krankenkassen übernehmen die Kosten auch zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt noch.

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Impfstoffe – Krankheiten vorbeugen, bevor sie entstehen

Seit mehr als 130 Jahren entwickelt und produziert MSD Impfstoffe für alle Altersgruppen. Hier finden Sie nützliche Informationen und Praxismaterialien rund um das Thema Impfen.

MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH