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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 9/2012

01.09.2012 | Leitthema

Antikörper zur adoptiven Immuntherapie solider Tumoren

verfasst von: S. Kasper, J. Meiler, Prof. Dr. M. Schuler

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 9/2012

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Zusammenfassung

Monoklonale Antikörper werden seit Jahren erfolgreich in der zielgerichteten Therapie maligner Erkrankungen eingesetzt. Diese rekombinant hergestellten Immunglobuline erkennen Zielstrukturen (Epitope) auf der Oberfläche von Tumorzellen (sog. Tumorantigene) oder sie interagieren mit Strukturen im Tumormilieu. Als klinisch relevante Wirkmechanismen werden je nach Spezifität und Isotyp des Antikörpers die Blockade von Wachstumsfaktorsignalen, die Rekrutierung von Immunzellen mit Vermittlung einer antikörperabhängigen zellulären Zytotoxizität (ADCC) und/oder eine Komplementaktivierung, die Neutralisierung von Wachstumsfaktoren sowie die Induktion intrinsischer Zelltodmechanismen angesehen. Ferner werden Antikörperkonjugate zum antigenspezifischen Transport zytotoxischer oder radioaktiver Substanzen genutzt. Interaktionen therapeutischer Antikörper mit Epitopen, die auch durch Normalgewebe exprimiert werden, bestimmen die antigenspezifischen Nebenwirkungen der Antikörpertherapie. Durch die Rekrutierung und Aktivierung zellulärer Immuneffektoren kann es zudem zu allergischen Reaktionen bzw. zu zytokinvermittelten Unverträglichkeiten kommen. Aktuell sind in Deutschland sechs Antikörper für die Behandlung von Patienten mit soliden Tumoren zugelassen (Bevacizumab, Cetuximab, Denosumab, Ipilimumab, Panitumumab und Trastuzumab), die in verschieden Tumorentitäten eingesetzt werden. Eine Vielzahl weiterer Antikörper befindet sich in unterschiedlichen Stadien der klinischen Entwicklung.
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Metadaten
Titel
Antikörper zur adoptiven Immuntherapie solider Tumoren
verfasst von
S. Kasper
J. Meiler
Prof. Dr. M. Schuler
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2012
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 9/2012
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-012-2257-3

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