Skip to main content

2023 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Arterielle Hypertonie

verfasst von : Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Eschenhagen, Prof. Dr. med. Joachim Weil

Erschienen in: Arzneiverordnungs-Report 2023

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Auf einen Blick

In diesem Kapitel werden die Antihypertonika gemeinsam auf der Basis der aktuellen Empfehlungen zur antihypertensiven Therapie dargestellt. Damit werden die früher getrennten Kapitel zu Hemmstoffen des Renin-Angiotensin Systems, Calciumkanalblockern, β-Adrenozeptor-Antagonisten (Betablocker) sowie speziellen Antihypertonika wie α-Adrenozeptor-Antagonisten und zentral wirkenden Antisympathotonika zusammengeführt. Dies trägt der Tatsache Rechnung, dass es sich bei der antihypertensiven Therapie um eine in alle Bereiche der kardiovaskulären Medizin reichende Basistherapie handelt, die einen integrierten Ansatz erfordert. Die als Antihypertonika ebenfalls wichtigen Diuretika und Aldosteronrezeptorantagonisten werden gesondert in Kap. 34 besprochen. Zusätzlich wird auf unvermeidbare Überschneidungen mit den Kardiaka in Kap. 7 verwiesen.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Ablad B, Bjurö T, Björkman JA, Edström T (2007) Prevention of ventricular fibrillation requires central beta-adrenoceptor blockade in rabbits. Scand Cardiovasc J 41:221–229PubMedCrossRef Ablad B, Bjurö T, Björkman JA, Edström T (2007) Prevention of ventricular fibrillation requires central beta-adrenoceptor blockade in rabbits. Scand Cardiovasc J 41:221–229PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Anlauf M, Weber F (2018) Blutdruckmessungen zur Hochdruckbekämpfung sollten i. d. R. mit Automaten erfolgen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 143:59–60PubMedCrossRef Anlauf M, Weber F (2018) Blutdruckmessungen zur Hochdruckbekämpfung sollten i. d. R. mit Automaten erfolgen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 143:59–60PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Arzneimittelkommission der Deutschen Ärzteschaft (2019) Hydrochlorothiazid: Risiko von nichtmelanozytärem Hautkrebs – Empfehlungen der AkdÄ zur Behandlung von Hypertonie und Herzinsuffizienz. Arzneiverordn Prax 46:1–2 Arzneimittelkommission der Deutschen Ärzteschaft (2019) Hydrochlorothiazid: Risiko von nichtmelanozytärem Hautkrebs – Empfehlungen der AkdÄ zur Behandlung von Hypertonie und Herzinsuffizienz. Arzneiverordn Prax 46:1–2
Zurück zum Zitat Azizi M, Rossignol P, Hulot JS (2019) Emerging drug classes and their potential use in hypertension. Hypertension 74:1075–1083PubMedCrossRef Azizi M, Rossignol P, Hulot JS (2019) Emerging drug classes and their potential use in hypertension. Hypertension 74:1075–1083PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bakris G, Ali W, Parati G (2019) ACC/AHA versus ESC/ESH on hypertension guidelines: JACC guideline comparison. J Am Coll Cardiol 73:3018–3026PubMedCrossRef Bakris G, Ali W, Parati G (2019) ACC/AHA versus ESC/ESH on hypertension guidelines: JACC guideline comparison. J Am Coll Cardiol 73:3018–3026PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bakris GL, Sarafidis PA, Weir MR, Dahlöf B, Pitt B (2010) Renal outcomes with different fixed-dose combination therapies in patients with hypertension at high risk for cardiovascular events (ACCOMPLISH): a prespecified secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 375:1173–1181PubMedCrossRef Bakris GL, Sarafidis PA, Weir MR, Dahlöf B, Pitt B (2010) Renal outcomes with different fixed-dose combination therapies in patients with hypertension at high risk for cardiovascular events (ACCOMPLISH): a prespecified secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 375:1173–1181PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Barron AJ, Zaman N, Cole GD, Wensel R, Okonko DO, Francis DP (2013) Sytematic review of genuine versus spurious side-effects of beta-blockers in heart failure using placebo control: recommendations for patient information. Int J Cardiol 168:3572–3579PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Barron AJ, Zaman N, Cole GD, Wensel R, Okonko DO, Francis DP (2013) Sytematic review of genuine versus spurious side-effects of beta-blockers in heart failure using placebo control: recommendations for patient information. Int J Cardiol 168:3572–3579PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE, Staessen JA, Liu L, Dumitrascu D, Stoyanovsky V, Antikainen RL, Nikitin Y, Anderson C, Belhani A, Forette F, Rajkumar C, Thijs L, Banya W, Bulpitt CJ, HYVET Study Group (2008) Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 358:1887–1898PubMedCrossRef Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE, Staessen JA, Liu L, Dumitrascu D, Stoyanovsky V, Antikainen RL, Nikitin Y, Anderson C, Belhani A, Forette F, Rajkumar C, Thijs L, Banya W, Bulpitt CJ, HYVET Study Group (2008) Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 358:1887–1898PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Berrido AM, Byrd JB (2020) Angiotensin receptor blockers and the risk of cancer: insights from clinical trials and recent drug recalls. Curr Hypertens Rep 22:20PubMedCrossRef Berrido AM, Byrd JB (2020) Angiotensin receptor blockers and the risk of cancer: insights from clinical trials and recent drug recalls. Curr Hypertens Rep 22:20PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat BPLTTC The Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration (2021) Pharmacological blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across different levels of blood pressure: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis. Lancet 397:1625–1636CrossRef BPLTTC The Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration (2021) Pharmacological blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across different levels of blood pressure: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis. Lancet 397:1625–1636CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat British Hypertension Society Studies Group, Williams B, MacDonald TM, Morant S, Webb DJ, Sever P et al (2015) Spironolactone versus placebo, bisoprolol, and doxazosin to determine the optimal treatment for drug-resistant hypertension (PATHWAY-2): a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial. Lancet 386:2059–2068CrossRef British Hypertension Society Studies Group, Williams B, MacDonald TM, Morant S, Webb DJ, Sever P et al (2015) Spironolactone versus placebo, bisoprolol, and doxazosin to determine the optimal treatment for drug-resistant hypertension (PATHWAY-2): a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial. Lancet 386:2059–2068CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat British Hypertension Society’s Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension with Algorithm-based Therapy (PATHWAY) Studies Group, Brown MJ, Williams B, Morant SV, Webb DJ, Caulfield MJ et al (2016) Effect of amiloride, or amiloride plus hydrochlorothiazide, versus hydrochlorothiazide on glucose tolerance and blood pressure (PATHWAY-3): a parallel-group, double-blind randomised phase 4 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 4:136–147CrossRef British Hypertension Society’s Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension with Algorithm-based Therapy (PATHWAY) Studies Group, Brown MJ, Williams B, Morant SV, Webb DJ, Caulfield MJ et al (2016) Effect of amiloride, or amiloride plus hydrochlorothiazide, versus hydrochlorothiazide on glucose tolerance and blood pressure (PATHWAY-3): a parallel-group, double-blind randomised phase 4 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 4:136–147CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bundesärztekammer, Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung, Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (2014) Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie Chronische KHK. Langfassung, 3. Auflage, Version 1, Dezember 2014, AWMF-Register-Nr.: nvl-004. http://www.leitlinien.de/nvl/khk/ Bundesärztekammer, Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung, Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (2014) Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie Chronische KHK. Langfassung, 3. Auflage, Version 1, Dezember 2014, AWMF-Register-Nr.: nvl-004. http://​www.​leitlinien.​de/​nvl/​khk/​
Zurück zum Zitat Byrne C, Pareek M, Vaduganathan M, Biering-Sørensen T, Qamar A et al (2020) Intensive blood pressure lowering in different age categories: insights from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 6:356–363PubMedCrossRef Byrne C, Pareek M, Vaduganathan M, Biering-Sørensen T, Qamar A et al (2020) Intensive blood pressure lowering in different age categories: insights from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 6:356–363PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chen R, Suchard MA, Krumholz HM, Schuemie MJ, Shea S et al (2021) Comparative first-line effectiveness and safety of ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) inhibitors and Angiotensin receptor blockers: a multinational cohort study. Hypertension 78:591–603PubMedCrossRef Chen R, Suchard MA, Krumholz HM, Schuemie MJ, Shea S et al (2021) Comparative first-line effectiveness and safety of ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) inhibitors and Angiotensin receptor blockers: a multinational cohort study. Hypertension 78:591–603PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chow CK, Thakkar Z, Bennett A, Hillis G, Burke M et al (2017) Quarter-dose quadruple combination therapy for initial treatment of hypertension: placebo-controlled, crossover, randomised trial and systematic review. Lancet 389:1035–1042PubMedCrossRef Chow CK, Thakkar Z, Bennett A, Hillis G, Burke M et al (2017) Quarter-dose quadruple combination therapy for initial treatment of hypertension: placebo-controlled, crossover, randomised trial and systematic review. Lancet 389:1035–1042PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat CIBIS II Study (1999) The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II (CIBIS II): a randomised trial. Lancet 353:9–13CrossRef CIBIS II Study (1999) The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II (CIBIS II): a randomised trial. Lancet 353:9–13CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cohn JN, Ziesche SM, Loss LE, Anderson GF, V-HeFT Study Group (1995) Effect of felodipine on short-term exercise and neurohormone and long-term mortality in heart failure: results of V-HeFT VIII. Circulation 92:1–143 Cohn JN, Ziesche SM, Loss LE, Anderson GF, V-HeFT Study Group (1995) Effect of felodipine on short-term exercise and neurohormone and long-term mortality in heart failure: results of V-HeFT VIII. Circulation 92:1–143
Zurück zum Zitat COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group, Chen ZM, Pan HC, Chen YP, Peto R, Collins R et al (2005) Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 366:1622–1632CrossRef COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group, Chen ZM, Pan HC, Chen YP, Peto R, Collins R et al (2005) Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 366:1622–1632CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Czernichow S, Zanchetti A, Turnbull F, Barzi F, Ninomiya T et al (2011) The effects of blood pressure reduction and of different blood pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events according to baseline blood pressure: meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Hypertens 29:4–16PubMedCrossRef Czernichow S, Zanchetti A, Turnbull F, Barzi F, Ninomiya T et al (2011) The effects of blood pressure reduction and of different blood pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events according to baseline blood pressure: meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Hypertens 29:4–16PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dahlöf B, Sever PS, Neil R, Poulter NP, Wedel H (2005) Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendrofumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366:895–906PubMedCrossRef Dahlöf B, Sever PS, Neil R, Poulter NP, Wedel H (2005) Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendrofumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366:895–906PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Danesh AH, Gottschalk PCH (2019) Beta-blockers for migraine prevention: a review article. Curr Treat Options Neurol 21:20PubMedCrossRef Danesh AH, Gottschalk PCH (2019) Beta-blockers for migraine prevention: a review article. Curr Treat Options Neurol 21:20PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Daniel WJ, Whelton PK, Allen N, Clark D III, Gidding SS et al (2021) Management of stage 1 hypertension in adults with a low 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease: filling a guidance gap. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension 77:e58–e67 Daniel WJ, Whelton PK, Allen N, Clark D III, Gidding SS et al (2021) Management of stage 1 hypertension in adults with a low 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease: filling a guidance gap. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension 77:e58–e67
Zurück zum Zitat Datzmann T, Fuchs S, Andree D, Hohenstein B, Schmitt J et al (2019) Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trial evidence refutes relationship between pharmacotherapy with angiotensin-receptor blockers and an increased risk of cancer. Eur J Intern Med 64:1–9PubMedCrossRef Datzmann T, Fuchs S, Andree D, Hohenstein B, Schmitt J et al (2019) Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trial evidence refutes relationship between pharmacotherapy with angiotensin-receptor blockers and an increased risk of cancer. Eur J Intern Med 64:1–9PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dondo TB, Hall M, West RM, Jernberg T, Lindahl B et al (2017) β-blockers and mortality after acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure or ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 69:2710–2720PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dondo TB, Hall M, West RM, Jernberg T, Lindahl B et al (2017) β-blockers and mortality after acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure or ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 69:2710–2720PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Easterling T, Mundle S, Bracken H, Parvekar S, Mool S et al (2019) Oral antihypertensive regimens (nifedipine retard, labetalol, and methyldopa) for management of severe hypertension in pregnancy: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 394:1011–1021PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Easterling T, Mundle S, Bracken H, Parvekar S, Mool S et al (2019) Oral antihypertensive regimens (nifedipine retard, labetalol, and methyldopa) for management of severe hypertension in pregnancy: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 394:1011–1021PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Egan BM, Bandyopadhyay D, Shaftman SR, Wagner CS, Zhao Y et al (2012) Initial monotherapy and combination therapy and hypertension control the first year. Hypertension 59:1124–1131PubMedCrossRef Egan BM, Bandyopadhyay D, Shaftman SR, Wagner CS, Zhao Y et al (2012) Initial monotherapy and combination therapy and hypertension control the first year. Hypertension 59:1124–1131PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Elliott WJ, Meyer PM (2007) Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis. Lancet 369:201–207PubMedCrossRef Elliott WJ, Meyer PM (2007) Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis. Lancet 369:201–207PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ettehad D, Emdin CA, Kiran A, Anderson SG, Callender T et al (2016) Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 387:957–967PubMedCrossRef Ettehad D, Emdin CA, Kiran A, Anderson SG, Callender T et al (2016) Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 387:957–967PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Falaschetti E, Mindell J, Knott C, Poulter N (2014) Hypertension management in England: a serial cross-sectional study from 1994 to 2011. Lancet 383:1912–1919PubMedCrossRef Falaschetti E, Mindell J, Knott C, Poulter N (2014) Hypertension management in England: a serial cross-sectional study from 1994 to 2011. Lancet 383:1912–1919PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gandhi S, Fleet JL, Bailey DG, McArthur E, Wald R et al (2013) Calcium-channel blocker-clarithromycin drug interactions and acute kidney injury. JAMA 310:2544–2553PubMedCrossRef Gandhi S, Fleet JL, Bailey DG, McArthur E, Wald R et al (2013) Calcium-channel blocker-clarithromycin drug interactions and acute kidney injury. JAMA 310:2544–2553PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gomm W, Röthlein C, Schüssel K, Brückner G, Schröder H et al (2021) N-nitrosodimethylamine-contaminated valsartan and the risk of cancer – A longitudinal cohort study based on German health insurance data. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 118:357–362PubMedPubMedCentral Gomm W, Röthlein C, Schüssel K, Brückner G, Schröder H et al (2021) N-nitrosodimethylamine-contaminated valsartan and the risk of cancer – A longitudinal cohort study based on German health insurance data. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 118:357–362PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Gulea C, Zakeri R, Alderman V, Morgan A, Ross J et al (2021) Beta-blocker therapy in patients with COPD: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis with multiple treatment comparison. Resp Res 22:64CrossRef Gulea C, Zakeri R, Alderman V, Morgan A, Ross J et al (2021) Beta-blocker therapy in patients with COPD: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis with multiple treatment comparison. Resp Res 22:64CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hänggi D, Etminan N, Aldrich F, Steiger HJ, Mayer SA, NEWTON Investigators (2017) Randomized, open-label, phase 1/2a study to determine the maximum tolerated dose of intraventricular sustained release nimodipine for subarachnoid hemorrhage (NEWTON [Nimodipine microparticles to enhance recovery while reducing toxicity after subarachnoid hemorrhage]). Stroke 48:145–151PubMedCrossRef Hänggi D, Etminan N, Aldrich F, Steiger HJ, Mayer SA, NEWTON Investigators (2017) Randomized, open-label, phase 1/2a study to determine the maximum tolerated dose of intraventricular sustained release nimodipine for subarachnoid hemorrhage (NEWTON [Nimodipine microparticles to enhance recovery while reducing toxicity after subarachnoid hemorrhage]). Stroke 48:145–151PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hausberg M, Trenkwalder P, Weisser B, Krämer BK (2019) Antihypertensiva: Verunsicherung durch potenziell gravierende Nebenwirkungen. Dtsch Ärztebl 116:A366–A370 Hausberg M, Trenkwalder P, Weisser B, Krämer BK (2019) Antihypertensiva: Verunsicherung durch potenziell gravierende Nebenwirkungen. Dtsch Ärztebl 116:A366–A370
Zurück zum Zitat Heerspink HL, de Zeeuw D (2010) Composite renal endpoints: was ACCOMPLISH accomplished? Lancet 375:1140–1142PubMedCrossRef Heerspink HL, de Zeeuw D (2010) Composite renal endpoints: was ACCOMPLISH accomplished? Lancet 375:1140–1142PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Heerspink HJ, Ninomiya T, Perkovic V, Woodward M, Zoungas S et al (2010) Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Eur Heart J 31:2888–2896PubMedCrossRef Heerspink HJ, Ninomiya T, Perkovic V, Woodward M, Zoungas S et al (2010) Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Eur Heart J 31:2888–2896PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Herrett E, Gadd S, Jackson R, Bhaskaran K et al (2019) Eligibility and subsequent burden of cardiovascular disease of four strategies for blood pressure-lowering treatment: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 394(10199):663–671PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Herrett E, Gadd S, Jackson R, Bhaskaran K et al (2019) Eligibility and subsequent burden of cardiovascular disease of four strategies for blood pressure-lowering treatment: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 394(10199):663–671PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hicks BM, Filion KB, Yin H, Sakr L, Udell JA et al (2018) Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and risk of lung cancer: population based cohort study. BMJ 363:k4209PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hicks BM, Filion KB, Yin H, Sakr L, Udell JA et al (2018) Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and risk of lung cancer: population based cohort study. BMJ 363:k4209PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Holt A, Blanche P, Zareini B, Rajan D, El-Sheikh M et al (2021) Effect of long-term beta-blocker treatment following myocardial infarction among stable, optimally treated patients without heart failure in the reperfusion era: a Danish, nationwide cohort study. Eur Heart J 42:907–914PubMedCrossRef Holt A, Blanche P, Zareini B, Rajan D, El-Sheikh M et al (2021) Effect of long-term beta-blocker treatment following myocardial infarction among stable, optimally treated patients without heart failure in the reperfusion era: a Danish, nationwide cohort study. Eur Heart J 42:907–914PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Huang Y, Su L, Cai X, Mai W, Wang S et al (2014) Association of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with prehypertension: a meta-analysis. Am Heart J 167:160–168PubMedCrossRef Huang Y, Su L, Cai X, Mai W, Wang S et al (2014) Association of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with prehypertension: a meta-analysis. Am Heart J 167:160–168PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat HYVET Study Group, Beckett N, Peters R, Tuomilehto J, Swift C, Sever P et al (2011) Immediate and late benefits of treating very elderly people with hypertension: results from active treatment extension to Hypertension in the Very Elderly randomised controlled trial. BMJ 344:d7541CrossRef HYVET Study Group, Beckett N, Peters R, Tuomilehto J, Swift C, Sever P et al (2011) Immediate and late benefits of treating very elderly people with hypertension: results from active treatment extension to Hypertension in the Very Elderly randomised controlled trial. BMJ 344:d7541CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jamerson K, Weber MA, Bakris GL, Dahlöf B, Jamerson K et al (2008) Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 359:2417–2428PubMedCrossRef Jamerson K, Weber MA, Bakris GL, Dahlöf B, Jamerson K et al (2008) Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 359:2417–2428PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, Brunner HR, Ekman S et al (2004) Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 363:2022–2031PubMedCrossRef Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, Brunner HR, Ekman S et al (2004) Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 363:2022–2031PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Khan NA, Rabkin SW, Zhao Y et al (2018) Effect of lowering diastolic pressure in patients with and without cardiovascular disease: analysis of the SPRINT (systolic blood pressure intervention trial). Hypertension 71:840–847PubMedCrossRef Khan NA, Rabkin SW, Zhao Y et al (2018) Effect of lowering diastolic pressure in patients with and without cardiovascular disease: analysis of the SPRINT (systolic blood pressure intervention trial). Hypertension 71:840–847PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kintscher U, Böhm M, Goss F, Kolloch R, Kreutz R et al (2014) Kommentar zur 2013-ESH/ESC-Leitlinie zum Management der arteriellen Hypertonie. Kardiologie 8:223–230CrossRef Kintscher U, Böhm M, Goss F, Kolloch R, Kreutz R et al (2014) Kommentar zur 2013-ESH/ESC-Leitlinie zum Management der arteriellen Hypertonie. Kardiologie 8:223–230CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A, Capodanno D, Barbato E et al (2020) 2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 41:407–477PubMedCrossRef Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A, Capodanno D, Barbato E et al (2020) 2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 41:407–477PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Krieger EM, Drager LF, Giorgi DMA et al (2018) Spironolactone versus clonidine as a fourth-drug therapy for resistant hypertension: the ReHOT Randomized Study (Resistant Hypertension Optimal Treatment). Hypertension 71:681–690PubMedCrossRef Krieger EM, Drager LF, Giorgi DMA et al (2018) Spironolactone versus clonidine as a fourth-drug therapy for resistant hypertension: the ReHOT Randomized Study (Resistant Hypertension Optimal Treatment). Hypertension 71:681–690PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kunz R, Friedrich C, Wolbers M, Mann JFE (2008) Meta-analysis: effect of monotherapy and combination therapy with inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system on proteinuria in renal disease. Ann Intern Med 148:30–48PubMedCrossRef Kunz R, Friedrich C, Wolbers M, Mann JFE (2008) Meta-analysis: effect of monotherapy and combination therapy with inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system on proteinuria in renal disease. Ann Intern Med 148:30–48PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lawlor B, Segurado R, Kennelly S, Rikkert OMGM, Howard R, NILVAD Study Group et al (2018) Nilvadipine in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: a randomised controlled trial. PLoS Med 15:e1002660PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Lawlor B, Segurado R, Kennelly S, Rikkert OMGM, Howard R, NILVAD Study Group et al (2018) Nilvadipine in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: a randomised controlled trial. PLoS Med 15:e1002660PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lindholm LH, Carlberg B, Samuelsson O (2005) Should betablockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis. Lancet 366:1545–1553PubMedCrossRef Lindholm LH, Carlberg B, Samuelsson O (2005) Should betablockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis. Lancet 366:1545–1553PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lonn EM, Bosch J, López-Jaramillo P, Zhu J, Liu L et al (2016) Blood-pressure lowering in intermediate-risk persons without cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 374:2009–2020PubMedCrossRef Lonn EM, Bosch J, López-Jaramillo P, Zhu J, Liu L et al (2016) Blood-pressure lowering in intermediate-risk persons without cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 374:2009–2020PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lopes RD, Macedo AVS, de Barros E, Silva PGM, Moll-Bernardes RJ et al (2021) Effect of discontinuing vs continuing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on days alive and out of the hospital in patients admitted with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 325(3):254–264PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Lopes RD, Macedo AVS, de Barros E, Silva PGM, Moll-Bernardes RJ et al (2021) Effect of discontinuing vs continuing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on days alive and out of the hospital in patients admitted with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 325(3):254–264PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lüders S, Schrader J, Berger J, Unger T, Zidek W et al (2008) The PHARAO study: prevention of hypertension with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril in patients with high-normal blood pressure – A prospective, randomized, controlled prevention trial of the German Hypertension League. J Hypertens 26:1487–1496PubMedCrossRef Lüders S, Schrader J, Berger J, Unger T, Zidek W et al (2008) The PHARAO study: prevention of hypertension with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril in patients with high-normal blood pressure – A prospective, randomized, controlled prevention trial of the German Hypertension League. J Hypertens 26:1487–1496PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lv J, Ehteshami P, Sarnak MJ, Tighiouart H, Jun M et al (2013) Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on the progression of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ 185:949–957PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Lv J, Ehteshami P, Sarnak MJ, Tighiouart H, Jun M et al (2013) Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on the progression of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ 185:949–957PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mackenzie IS, Rogers A, Poulter NR, Williams B, Brown MJ et al (2022) Cardiovascular outcomes in adults with hypertension with evening versus morning dosing of usual antihypertensives in the UK (TIME study): a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint clinical trial. Lancet 400:1417–1425PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mackenzie IS, Rogers A, Poulter NR, Williams B, Brown MJ et al (2022) Cardiovascular outcomes in adults with hypertension with evening versus morning dosing of usual antihypertensives in the UK (TIME study): a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint clinical trial. Lancet 400:1417–1425PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mahfoud F, Kieble M, Enners S, Werning J, Laufs U et al (2020a) „Dear Doctor“ warning letter (Rote-Hand-Brief) on hydrochlorothiazide and its impact on antihypertensive prescription. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 117:687–688PubMedPubMedCentral Mahfoud F, Kieble M, Enners S, Werning J, Laufs U et al (2020a) „Dear Doctor“ warning letter (Rote-Hand-Brief) on hydrochlorothiazide and its impact on antihypertensive prescription. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 117:687–688PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Mahfoud F, Aziz M, Ewen S, Pathak A et al (2020b) Proceedings from the 3rd European clinical consensus conference for clinical trials in device-based hypertension therapies. Eur Heart J 41:1588–1599PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mahfoud F, Aziz M, Ewen S, Pathak A et al (2020b) Proceedings from the 3rd European clinical consensus conference for clinical trials in device-based hypertension therapies. Eur Heart J 41:1588–1599PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Makarounas-Kirchmann K, Glover-Koudounas S, Ferrari P (2009) Results of a meta-analysis comparing the tolerability of lercanidipine and other dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. Clin Ther 31:1652–1663PubMedCrossRef Makarounas-Kirchmann K, Glover-Koudounas S, Ferrari P (2009) Results of a meta-analysis comparing the tolerability of lercanidipine and other dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. Clin Ther 31:1652–1663PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mancia G, Corrao G (2018) Global impact of the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American heart association hypertension guidelines: a perspective from Italy. Circulation 137:889–890PubMedCrossRef Mancia G, Corrao G (2018) Global impact of the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American heart association hypertension guidelines: a perspective from Italy. Circulation 137:889–890PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunström M, Burnier M, Grassi G et al (2023) 2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: Endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA). J Hypertens 41:1874–2071PubMedCrossRef Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunström M, Burnier M, Grassi G et al (2023) 2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: Endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA). J Hypertens 41:1874–2071PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Masoli JAH, Delgado J, Pilling L, Strain D, Melzer D (2020) Blood pressure in frail older adults: associations with cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality. Age Ageing 49:807–813PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Masoli JAH, Delgado J, Pilling L, Strain D, Melzer D (2020) Blood pressure in frail older adults: associations with cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality. Age Ageing 49:807–813PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A et al (2021) 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 42:3599–3726PubMedCrossRef McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A et al (2021) 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 42:3599–3726PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McMurray JJ, Krum H, Abraham WT, Dickstein K, Køber LV et al (2016) Aliskiren, enalapril, or aliskiren and enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med 374:1521–1532PubMedCrossRef McMurray JJ, Krum H, Abraham WT, Dickstein K, Køber LV et al (2016) Aliskiren, enalapril, or aliskiren and enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med 374:1521–1532PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, Gong J, Lefkowitz MP, Rizkala AR, Rouleau JL, Shi VC, Solomon SD, Swedberg K, Zile MR (2014) Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med 371:993–1004PubMedCrossRef McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, Gong J, Lefkowitz MP, Rizkala AR, Rouleau JL, Shi VC, Solomon SD, Swedberg K, Zile MR (2014) Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med 371:993–1004PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat MERIT-HF Study (1999) Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL randomised intervention trial in congestive heart failure. Lancet 353:2001–2007CrossRef MERIT-HF Study (1999) Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL randomised intervention trial in congestive heart failure. Lancet 353:2001–2007CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Middeke M, Lemmer B, Kreutz R, Schrader J, Holzgreve H (2020) Antihypertensiva nicht generell abends nehmen. MMW Fortschr Med 162:34–36PubMedCrossRef Middeke M, Lemmer B, Kreutz R, Schrader J, Holzgreve H (2020) Antihypertensiva nicht generell abends nehmen. MMW Fortschr Med 162:34–36PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat van Middelaar T, van Vught LA, van Charante EPM, Eurelings LSM, Ligthart SA et al (2017) Lower dementia risk with different classes of antihypertensive medication in older patients. J Hypertens 35:2095–2101PubMedCrossRef van Middelaar T, van Vught LA, van Charante EPM, Eurelings LSM, Ligthart SA et al (2017) Lower dementia risk with different classes of antihypertensive medication in older patients. J Hypertens 35:2095–2101PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, Reed JE, Kearney PM et al (2016) Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control: a systematic analysis of population-based studies from 90 countries. Circulation 134:441–450PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, Reed JE, Kearney PM et al (2016) Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control: a systematic analysis of population-based studies from 90 countries. Circulation 134:441–450PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Morgan T, Lauri J, Bertram D, Anderson A (2004) Effect of different antihypertensive drug classes on central aortic pressure. Am J Hypertens 17:118–123PubMedCrossRef Morgan T, Lauri J, Bertram D, Anderson A (2004) Effect of different antihypertensive drug classes on central aortic pressure. Am J Hypertens 17:118–123PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat MOXCON Investigators, Cohn JN, Pfeffer MA, Rouleau J, Sharpe N, Swedberg K et al (2003) Adverse mortality effect of central sympathetic inhibition with sustained-release moxonidine in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 5:659–667CrossRef MOXCON Investigators, Cohn JN, Pfeffer MA, Rouleau J, Sharpe N, Swedberg K et al (2003) Adverse mortality effect of central sympathetic inhibition with sustained-release moxonidine in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 5:659–667CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Muntner P, Levitan EB, Lynch AI, Simpson LM, Whittle J et al (2014) Effect of chlorthalidone, amlodipine, and lisinopril on visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure: results from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. J Clin Hypertens 16:323–330CrossRef Muntner P, Levitan EB, Lynch AI, Simpson LM, Whittle J et al (2014) Effect of chlorthalidone, amlodipine, and lisinopril on visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure: results from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. J Clin Hypertens 16:323–330CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) (2019) Long-term and recent trends in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in 12 high-income countries: an analysis of 123 nationally representative surveys. Lancet 394(10199):639–651CrossRef NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) (2019) Long-term and recent trends in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in 12 high-income countries: an analysis of 123 nationally representative surveys. Lancet 394(10199):639–651CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Neuhauser H, Diederichs C, Boeing H, Felix SB, Jünger C et al (2016) Bluthochdruck in Deutschland – Daten aus sieben bevölkerungsbasierten epidemiologischen Studien (1994–2012). Dtsch Ärztebl Int 113:809–815PubMedPubMedCentral Neuhauser H, Diederichs C, Boeing H, Felix SB, Jünger C et al (2016) Bluthochdruck in Deutschland – Daten aus sieben bevölkerungsbasierten epidemiologischen Studien (1994–2012). Dtsch Ärztebl Int 113:809–815PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Nicholls SJ, Bakris GL, Kastelein JJ, Menon V, Williams B et al (2013) Effect of aliskiren on progression of coronary disease in patients with prehypertension: the AQUARIUS randomized clinical trial. JAMA 310:1135–1144PubMedCrossRef Nicholls SJ, Bakris GL, Kastelein JJ, Menon V, Williams B et al (2013) Effect of aliskiren on progression of coronary disease in patients with prehypertension: the AQUARIUS randomized clinical trial. JAMA 310:1135–1144PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Libby P, Thompson PD, Ghali M et al (2004) Effect of antihypertensive agents on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease and normal blood pressure: the CAMELOT study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 292:2217–2225PubMedCrossRef Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Libby P, Thompson PD, Ghali M et al (2004) Effect of antihypertensive agents on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease and normal blood pressure: the CAMELOT study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 292:2217–2225PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ovalle F, Grimes T, Xu G, Patel AJ, Grayson TB et al (2018) Verapamil and beta cell function in adults with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Nat Med 24:1108–1112PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ovalle F, Grimes T, Xu G, Patel AJ, Grayson TB et al (2018) Verapamil and beta cell function in adults with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Nat Med 24:1108–1112PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Packer M, O’Connor CM, Ghali JK, Pressler ML, Carson PE et al (1996) Effect of amlodipine on morbidity and mortality in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 335:1107–1114PubMedCrossRef Packer M, O’Connor CM, Ghali JK, Pressler ML, Carson PE et al (1996) Effect of amlodipine on morbidity and mortality in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 335:1107–1114PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Packer M, Coats AJS, Fowler MB, Katus HA et al (2001) Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 344:1651–1658PubMedCrossRef Packer M, Coats AJS, Fowler MB, Katus HA et al (2001) Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 344:1651–1658PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pareek AK, Messerli FH, Chandurkar NB, Dharmadhikari SK, Godbole AV et al (2016) Efficacy of low-dose chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide as assessed by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Am Coll Cardiol 67:379–389PubMedCrossRef Pareek AK, Messerli FH, Chandurkar NB, Dharmadhikari SK, Godbole AV et al (2016) Efficacy of low-dose chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide as assessed by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Am Coll Cardiol 67:379–389PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pickard R, Starr K, MacLennan G, Lam T, Thomas R et al (2015) Medical expulsive therapy in adults with ureteric colic: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 386:341–349PubMedCrossRef Pickard R, Starr K, MacLennan G, Lam T, Thomas R et al (2015) Medical expulsive therapy in adults with ureteric colic: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 386:341–349PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pitt B (2004) ACE inhibitors for patients with vascular disease without left ventricular dysfunction – may they rest in PEACE? N Engl J Med 351:2115–2117PubMedCrossRef Pitt B (2004) ACE inhibitors for patients with vascular disease without left ventricular dysfunction – may they rest in PEACE? N Engl J Med 351:2115–2117PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pitt B, Pfeffer MA, Assmann SF, Boineau R, Anand IS et al (2014) TOPCAT Investogators Spironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 370:1383–1392PubMedCrossRef Pitt B, Pfeffer MA, Assmann SF, Boineau R, Anand IS et al (2014) TOPCAT Investogators Spironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 370:1383–1392PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Poulter NR, Savopoulos C, Anjum A, Apostolopoulou M et al (2018) Randomized crossover trial of the impact of morning or evening dosing of antihypertensive agents on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. Hypertension 72(4):870–873PubMedCrossRef Poulter NR, Savopoulos C, Anjum A, Apostolopoulou M et al (2018) Randomized crossover trial of the impact of morning or evening dosing of antihypertensive agents on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. Hypertension 72(4):870–873PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pulido T, Adzerikho I, Channick RN, Delcroix M, Galiè N et al (2013) Macitentan and morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med 369:809–818PubMedCrossRef Pulido T, Adzerikho I, Channick RN, Delcroix M, Galiè N et al (2013) Macitentan and morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med 369:809–818PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rapsomaniki E, Timmis A, George J, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Shah AD et al (2014) Blood pressure and incidence of twelve cardiovascular diseases: lifetime risks, healthy life-years lost, and age-specific associations in 1.25 million people. Lancet 383:1899–1911PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Rapsomaniki E, Timmis A, George J, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Shah AD et al (2014) Blood pressure and incidence of twelve cardiovascular diseases: lifetime risks, healthy life-years lost, and age-specific associations in 1.25 million people. Lancet 383:1899–1911PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rothwell PM, Howard SC, Dolan E, O’Brian E, Dobson JE, ASCOT-BPLA MRC Trial Investigators et al (2010) Effects of β blockers and calcium channel blockers on within-individual variability and risk of stroke. Lancet Neurol 9:469–480PubMedCrossRef Rothwell PM, Howard SC, Dolan E, O’Brian E, Dobson JE, ASCOT-BPLA MRC Trial Investigators et al (2010) Effects of β blockers and calcium channel blockers on within-individual variability and risk of stroke. Lancet Neurol 9:469–480PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Roush GC, Holford TR, Guddati AK (2012) Chlorthalidone compared with hydrochlorothiazide in reducing cardiovascular events: systematic review and network meta-analyses. Hypertension 59:1110–1117PubMedCrossRef Roush GC, Holford TR, Guddati AK (2012) Chlorthalidone compared with hydrochlorothiazide in reducing cardiovascular events: systematic review and network meta-analyses. Hypertension 59:1110–1117PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rubio-Tapia A, Herman ML, Ludvigsson JF, Kelly DG, Mangan TF et al (2012) Severe spruelike enteropathy associated with olmesartan. Mayo Clin Proc 87:732–738PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Rubio-Tapia A, Herman ML, Ludvigsson JF, Kelly DG, Mangan TF et al (2012) Severe spruelike enteropathy associated with olmesartan. Mayo Clin Proc 87:732–738PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sackner-Bernstein J (2005) Reducing the risks of sudden death and heart failure post myocardial infarction: utility of optimized pharmacotherapy. Clin Cardiol 28(11 Suppl 1):19–27 Sackner-Bernstein J (2005) Reducing the risks of sudden death and heart failure post myocardial infarction: utility of optimized pharmacotherapy. Clin Cardiol 28(11 Suppl 1):19–27
Zurück zum Zitat Salam A, Atkins ER, Hsu B, Webster R, Patel A, Rodgers A (2019) Efficacy and safety of triple versus dual combination blood pressure-lowering drug therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens 37:1567–1573PubMedCrossRef Salam A, Atkins ER, Hsu B, Webster R, Patel A, Rodgers A (2019) Efficacy and safety of triple versus dual combination blood pressure-lowering drug therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens 37:1567–1573PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sato A, Fukuda S (2015) A prospective study of frequency and characteristics of cough during ACE inhibitor treatment. Clin Exp Hypertens 37:563–568PubMedCrossRef Sato A, Fukuda S (2015) A prospective study of frequency and characteristics of cough during ACE inhibitor treatment. Clin Exp Hypertens 37:563–568PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schneider MP, Hua TA, Böhm M, Wachtell K, Kjeldsen SE et al (2010) Prevention of atrial fibrillation by renin-angiotensin system inhibition a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 55:2299–2307PubMedCrossRef Schneider MP, Hua TA, Böhm M, Wachtell K, Kjeldsen SE et al (2010) Prevention of atrial fibrillation by renin-angiotensin system inhibition a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 55:2299–2307PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sexton DJ, Canney M, O’Connell MDL, Moore P, Little MA et al (2017) Injurious falls and syncope in older community-dwelling adults meeting inclusion criteria for SPRINT. JAMA Intern Med 177:1385–1387PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Sexton DJ, Canney M, O’Connell MDL, Moore P, Little MA et al (2017) Injurious falls and syncope in older community-dwelling adults meeting inclusion criteria for SPRINT. JAMA Intern Med 177:1385–1387PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat SHEP Collaborative Research Group, Kostis JB, Wilson AC, Freudenberger RS, Cosgrove NM, Pressel SL et al (2005) Long-term effect of diuretic-based therapy on fatal outcomes in subjects with isolated systolic hypertension with and without diabetes. Am J Cardiol 95:29–35CrossRef SHEP Collaborative Research Group, Kostis JB, Wilson AC, Freudenberger RS, Cosgrove NM, Pressel SL et al (2005) Long-term effect of diuretic-based therapy on fatal outcomes in subjects with isolated systolic hypertension with and without diabetes. Am J Cardiol 95:29–35CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sheppard JP, Stevens S, Stevens R, Martin U, Mant J et al (2018) Benefits and harms of antihypertensive treatment in low-risk patients with mild hypertension. JAMA Intern Med 178:1626–1634PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Sheppard JP, Stevens S, Stevens R, Martin U, Mant J et al (2018) Benefits and harms of antihypertensive treatment in low-risk patients with mild hypertension. JAMA Intern Med 178:1626–1634PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sim JJ, Shi J, Kovesdy CP, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Jacobsen SJ (2014) Impact of achieved blood pressures on mortality risk and end-stage renal disease among a large, diverse hypertension population. J Am Coll Cardiol 64:588–597PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Sim JJ, Shi J, Kovesdy CP, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Jacobsen SJ (2014) Impact of achieved blood pressures on mortality risk and end-stage renal disease among a large, diverse hypertension population. J Am Coll Cardiol 64:588–597PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Solomon SD, McMurray JJV, Anand IS, Ge J, Lam CSP et al (2019) PARAGON-HF investigators and committees angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 381:1609–1620PubMedCrossRef Solomon SD, McMurray JJV, Anand IS, Ge J, Lam CSP et al (2019) PARAGON-HF investigators and committees angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 381:1609–1620PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat SPRINT Research Group, Williamson JD, Supiano MA, Applegate WB, Berlowitz DR, Campbell RC et al (2016) Intensive vs standard blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults aged ≥75 years: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 315:2673–2682CrossRef SPRINT Research Group, Williamson JD, Supiano MA, Applegate WB, Berlowitz DR, Campbell RC et al (2016) Intensive vs standard blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults aged ≥75 years: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 315:2673–2682CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat SPRINT Research Group, Lewis CE, Fine LJ, Beddhu S, Cheung AK, Cushman WC (2021) Final report of a trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med 384:1921–1930 SPRINT Research Group, Lewis CE, Fine LJ, Beddhu S, Cheung AK, Cushman WC (2021) Final report of a trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med 384:1921–1930
Zurück zum Zitat Stergiou GS, Palatini P, Parati G, O’Brien E et al (2021) 2021 European Society of Hypertension practice guidelines for office and out-of-office blood pressure measurement. J Hypertens 39:1293–1302PubMedCrossRef Stergiou GS, Palatini P, Parati G, O’Brien E et al (2021) 2021 European Society of Hypertension practice guidelines for office and out-of-office blood pressure measurement. J Hypertens 39:1293–1302PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Suchard MA, Schuemie MJ, Krumholz HM, You SC, Chen R et al (2019) Comprehensive comparative effectiveness and safety of first-line antihypertensive drug classes: a systematic, multinational, large-scale analysis. Lancet 394:1816–1826PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Suchard MA, Schuemie MJ, Krumholz HM, You SC, Chen R et al (2019) Comprehensive comparative effectiveness and safety of first-line antihypertensive drug classes: a systematic, multinational, large-scale analysis. Lancet 394:1816–1826PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sun H, Hodgkinson CP, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ (2021) CRISPR/Cas9 mediated deletion of the angiotensinogen gene reduces hypertension: a potential for cure? Hypertension 77:1990–2000PubMedCrossRef Sun H, Hodgkinson CP, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ (2021) CRISPR/Cas9 mediated deletion of the angiotensinogen gene reduces hypertension: a potential for cure? Hypertension 77:1990–2000PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Svensson P, de Faire U, Sleight P, Yusuf S, Östergren JJ (2001) Comparative effects of ramipril on ambulatory and office blood pressures. A HOPE substudy. Hypertension 38:e28–e32PubMedCrossRef Svensson P, de Faire U, Sleight P, Yusuf S, Östergren JJ (2001) Comparative effects of ramipril on ambulatory and office blood pressures. A HOPE substudy. Hypertension 38:e28–e32PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat The ACTIVE I Investigators (2011) Irbesartan in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 364:928–938CrossRef The ACTIVE I Investigators (2011) Irbesartan in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 364:928–938CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group (2002) Major outcomes in hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 288:2981–2997CrossRef The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group (2002) Major outcomes in hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 288:2981–2997CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat The Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration (2000) Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood-pressure-lowering drugs: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet 356:1955–1964CrossRef The Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration (2000) Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood-pressure-lowering drugs: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet 356:1955–1964CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat The Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration (2021) Pharmacological blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across different levels of blood pressure: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis. Lancet 397(10285):1625–1636CrossRef The Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration (2021) Pharmacological blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across different levels of blood pressure: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis. Lancet 397(10285):1625–1636CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat The EURopean trial On reduction of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease Investigators (2003) Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet 362:782–788CrossRef The EURopean trial On reduction of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease Investigators (2003) Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet 362:782–788CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat The GISSI-AF Investigators (2009) Valsartan for prevention of recurrent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 360:1606–1617CrossRef The GISSI-AF Investigators (2009) Valsartan for prevention of recurrent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 360:1606–1617CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators (2000) Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 342:145–153CrossRef The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators (2000) Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 342:145–153CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat The ONTARGET Investigators (2008) Telmisartan, ramipril or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 358:1547–1559CrossRef The ONTARGET Investigators (2008) Telmisartan, ramipril or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 358:1547–1559CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat The SPRINT Research Group (2015) A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood pressure control. N Engl J Med 373:2103–2116PubMedCentralCrossRef The SPRINT Research Group (2015) A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood pressure control. N Engl J Med 373:2103–2116PubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A (2017a) Effects of blood-pressure-lowering treatment on outcome incidence in hypertension. 11. Effects of total cardiovascular risk and achieved blood pressure: overview and meta-analyses of randomized trials. J Hypertens 35:2138–2149PubMedCrossRef Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A (2017a) Effects of blood-pressure-lowering treatment on outcome incidence in hypertension. 11. Effects of total cardiovascular risk and achieved blood pressure: overview and meta-analyses of randomized trials. J Hypertens 35:2138–2149PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A (2017b) Effects of blood-pressure-lowering treatment on outcome incidence in hypertension: 10 – Should blood pressure management differ in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes mellitus? Overview and meta-analyses of randomized trials. J Hypertens 35:922–944PubMedCrossRef Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A (2017b) Effects of blood-pressure-lowering treatment on outcome incidence in hypertension: 10 – Should blood pressure management differ in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes mellitus? Overview and meta-analyses of randomized trials. J Hypertens 35:922–944PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A (2017c) Effects of blood-pressure-lowering treatment on outcome incidence. 12. Effects in individuals with high-normal and normal blood pressure: overview and meta-analyses of randomized trials. J Hypertens 35:2150–2160PubMedCrossRef Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A (2017c) Effects of blood-pressure-lowering treatment on outcome incidence. 12. Effects in individuals with high-normal and normal blood pressure: overview and meta-analyses of randomized trials. J Hypertens 35:2150–2160PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A (2018) Effects of blood pressure-lowering treatment on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality: 14 – effects of different classes of antihypertensive drugs in older and younger patients: overview and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 36:1637–1647PubMedCrossRef Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A (2018) Effects of blood pressure-lowering treatment on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality: 14 – effects of different classes of antihypertensive drugs in older and younger patients: overview and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 36:1637–1647PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Trafford JA, Latta D, Little PS, Parsley J, Ankier SI et al (1989) A multi-centre, placebo controlled comparative study between 200 mg and 400 mg celiprolol in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Curr Med Res Opin 11:550–556PubMedCrossRef Trafford JA, Latta D, Little PS, Parsley J, Ankier SI et al (1989) A multi-centre, placebo controlled comparative study between 200 mg and 400 mg celiprolol in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Curr Med Res Opin 11:550–556PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Trump S, Lukassen S, Anker MS, Chua RL, Liebig J et al (2020) Hypertension delays viral clearance and exacerbates airway hyperinflammation in patients with COVID-19. Nat Biotechnol 39:705–716PubMedCrossRef Trump S, Lukassen S, Anker MS, Chua RL, Liebig J et al (2020) Hypertension delays viral clearance and exacerbates airway hyperinflammation in patients with COVID-19. Nat Biotechnol 39:705–716PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Uijl E, Mirabito Colafella KM, Sun Y, Ren L et al (2019) Strong and sustained antihypertensive effect of small interfering RNA targeting liver angiotensinogen. Hypertension 73:1249–1257PubMedCrossRef Uijl E, Mirabito Colafella KM, Sun Y, Ren L et al (2019) Strong and sustained antihypertensive effect of small interfering RNA targeting liver angiotensinogen. Hypertension 73:1249–1257PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Van Noord T, Tieleman RG, Bosker HA, Kingma T, van Veldhuisen DJ et al (2004) Beta-blockers prevent subacute recurrences of persistent atrial fibrillation only in patients with hypertension. Europace 6:343–350PubMedCrossRef Van Noord T, Tieleman RG, Bosker HA, Kingma T, van Veldhuisen DJ et al (2004) Beta-blockers prevent subacute recurrences of persistent atrial fibrillation only in patients with hypertension. Europace 6:343–350PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vargas F, Mendez H (1999) Study of the photochemical and in vitro phototoxicity of chlortalidone [2-chloro-5-(1-hydroxy-3-oxo-1-isoindolinyl)benzene sulfonamide. Pharmazie 54:920–922PubMed Vargas F, Mendez H (1999) Study of the photochemical and in vitro phototoxicity of chlortalidone [2-chloro-5-(1-hydroxy-3-oxo-1-isoindolinyl)benzene sulfonamide. Pharmazie 54:920–922PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Verdecchia P, Reboldi G, Angeli F, Borgioni C, Gattobigio R et al (2004) Adverse prognostic significance of new diabetes in treated hypertensive subjects. Hypertension 43:963–969PubMedCrossRef Verdecchia P, Reboldi G, Angeli F, Borgioni C, Gattobigio R et al (2004) Adverse prognostic significance of new diabetes in treated hypertensive subjects. Hypertension 43:963–969PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat van Vliet E, Nijman T, Schuit E, Heida KY, Opmeer BC et al (2016) Nifedipine versus atosiban for threatened preterm birth (APOSTEL III): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 387:2117–2124PubMedCrossRef van Vliet E, Nijman T, Schuit E, Heida KY, Opmeer BC et al (2016) Nifedipine versus atosiban for threatened preterm birth (APOSTEL III): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 387:2117–2124PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wang CY, Huang KC, Lu CW, Chu CH, Huang CN et al (2022) A randomized controlled trial of R-form Verapamil added to ongoing Metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 107:e4063–e4071PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Wang CY, Huang KC, Lu CW, Chu CH, Huang CN et al (2022) A randomized controlled trial of R-form Verapamil added to ongoing Metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 107:e4063–e4071PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Weber F, Anlauf M (2014) Treatment resistant hypertension – Investigation and conservative management. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 111:425–431PubMedPubMedCentral Weber F, Anlauf M (2014) Treatment resistant hypertension – Investigation and conservative management. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 111:425–431PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Weisser B, Predel HG, Gillessen A, Hacke C et al (2020) Single pill regimen leads to better adherence and clinical outcome in daily practice in patients suffering from hypertension and/or dyslipidemia: results of a meta-analysis. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 27(2):157–164PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Weisser B, Predel HG, Gillessen A, Hacke C et al (2020) Single pill regimen leads to better adherence and clinical outcome in daily practice in patients suffering from hypertension and/or dyslipidemia: results of a meta-analysis. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 27(2):157–164PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr, Collins KJ et al (2018) 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension 71:e13–e115PubMed Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr, Collins KJ et al (2018) 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension 71:e13–e115PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Wikstrand J, Wedel H, Castagno D, McMurray JJV (2013) The large-scale placebo-controlled beta-blocker studies in systolic heart failure revisited: results from CIBIS-II, COPERNICUS and SENIORS-SHF compared with stratified subsets from MERIT-HF. J Intern Med 275:134–143PubMedCrossRef Wikstrand J, Wedel H, Castagno D, McMurray JJV (2013) The large-scale placebo-controlled beta-blocker studies in systolic heart failure revisited: results from CIBIS-II, COPERNICUS and SENIORS-SHF compared with stratified subsets from MERIT-HF. J Intern Med 275:134–143PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Rosei EA et al (2018) 2018 ESC/ESHGuidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 36:1953–2041PubMedCrossRef Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Rosei EA et al (2018) 2018 ESC/ESHGuidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 36:1953–2041PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wolf PS, Smith RD, Khandwala A, Van Inwegen RG, Gordon RJ et al (1985) Celiprolol – Pharmacological profile of an unconventional beta-blocker. Br J Clin Pract Suppl 40:5–11PubMed Wolf PS, Smith RD, Khandwala A, Van Inwegen RG, Gordon RJ et al (1985) Celiprolol – Pharmacological profile of an unconventional beta-blocker. Br J Clin Pract Suppl 40:5–11PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Wolf-Maier K, Cooper RS, Kramer H, Banegas JR, Giampaoli S et al (2004) Hypertension treatment and control in five European countries, Canada, and the United States. Hypertension 43:10–17PubMedCrossRef Wolf-Maier K, Cooper RS, Kramer H, Banegas JR, Giampaoli S et al (2004) Hypertension treatment and control in five European countries, Canada, and the United States. Hypertension 43:10–17PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yang R, Luo Z, Liu Y, Sun M, Zheng L et al (2016) Drug interactions with angiotensin receptor blockers: role of human cytochromes P450. Curr Drug Metab 17:681–691PubMedCrossRef Yang R, Luo Z, Liu Y, Sun M, Zheng L et al (2016) Drug interactions with angiotensin receptor blockers: role of human cytochromes P450. Curr Drug Metab 17:681–691PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yano Y, Stamler J, Garside DB, Daviglus ML, Franklin SS et al (2015) Isolated systolic hypertension in young and middle-aged adults and 31-year risk for cardiovascular mortality: the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry study. J Am Coll Cardiol 65:327–335PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Yano Y, Stamler J, Garside DB, Daviglus ML, Franklin SS et al (2015) Isolated systolic hypertension in young and middle-aged adults and 31-year risk for cardiovascular mortality: the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry study. J Am Coll Cardiol 65:327–335PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL, Cotton D, Ôunpuu S (2008) Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 359:1225–1237PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL, Cotton D, Ôunpuu S (2008) Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 359:1225–1237PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang Y, Sun N, Jiang X, Xi Y (2017) Comparative efficacy of β-blockers on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Am Soc 11:394–401 Zhang Y, Sun N, Jiang X, Xi Y (2017) Comparative efficacy of β-blockers on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Am Soc 11:394–401
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu QM, Lesnick JD, Jasper JR, MacLennan SJ, Dillon MP et al (1999) Cardiovascular effects of rilmenidine, moxonidine and clonidine in conscious wild-type and D79N alpha2A-adrenoceptor transgenic mice. Br J Pharmacol 126:1522–1530PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zhu QM, Lesnick JD, Jasper JR, MacLennan SJ, Dillon MP et al (1999) Cardiovascular effects of rilmenidine, moxonidine and clonidine in conscious wild-type and D79N alpha2A-adrenoceptor transgenic mice. Br J Pharmacol 126:1522–1530PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Arterielle Hypertonie
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Eschenhagen
Prof. Dr. med. Joachim Weil
Copyright-Jahr
2023
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-68371-2_6

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Reizdarmsyndrom: Diäten wirksamer als Medikamente

29.04.2024 Reizdarmsyndrom Nachrichten

Bei Reizdarmsyndrom scheinen Diäten, wie etwa die FODMAP-arme oder die kohlenhydratreduzierte Ernährung, effektiver als eine medikamentöse Therapie zu sein. Das hat eine Studie aus Schweden ergeben, die die drei Therapieoptionen im direkten Vergleich analysierte.

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.