Background
Methods
Study population
Cardiovascular disease status, risk factors and ultrasonic measurements
Statistical analysis
Results
Population characteristics
Baseline characteristics | Men (n = 359) | Women (n = 412) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years)*
| 61.02 (0.56) | 60.06 (0.48) | 0.19 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)*
| 136.47 (0.88) | 140.96 (0.86) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m
2
)*
| 27.8 (0.22) | 28.3(0.25) | 0.14 |
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L)*
| 5.67 (0.06) | 6.0 (0.06) | <0.001 |
LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L)*
| 3.47 (0.04) | 3.56 (0.037) | 0.10 |
HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L)*
| 1.16 (0.015) | 1.41 (0.015) | <0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) † | 1.55 (1.15; 2.15) | 1.40 (1.04; 1.95) | 0.002 |
ApoA1 (g/L)*
| 1.35 (0.011) | 1.53 (0.012) | <0.001 |
ApoB (g/L)*
| 1.20 (0.013) | 1.19 (0.012) | 0.47 |
Antihypertensive Treatment (%)
| 38.0% | 37.0% | 0.77 |
Antihyperlipidemic Treatment (%)
| 21.5% | 16.6% | 0.08 |
Diabetes (%)
| 17.3% | 9.5% | 0.001 |
No of MetS components (%)
| |||
0 MetS Comp. | 5.3% | 12.9% | <0.001 |
1 MetS Comp. | 19.6% | 35.0% | <0.001 |
2 MetS Comp. | 29.1% | 28.4% | 0.38 |
3 MetS Comp. | 25.4% | 18.2% | 0.21 |
4 MetS Comp. | 17.0% | 4.4% | <0.001 |
5 MetS Comp. | 3.6% | 1.2% | 0.059 |
Men (n = 359) | Women (n = 412) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic syndrome | Metabolic syndrome | |||||
Baseline characteristics | Yes (n = 163) | No (n = 196) | P value | Yes (n = 96) | No (n = 316) | P value |
Age (years)*
| 61.86 (±0.83) | 60.32 (±0.77) | 0.17 | 64.96 (±0.88) | 58.52 (±0.55) | <0.001 |
Sitting Systolic BP (mmHg)*
| 141.34 (±1.27) | 132.26 (±1.15) | <0.001 | 151.82 (±1.16) | 137.49 (±0.96) | <0.001 |
Sitting Diastolic BP (mmHg)*
| 85.69 (±0.77) | 80.79 (±0.73) | <0.001 | 89.27 (±0.92) | 82.67 (±0.51) | <0.001 |
Antihypertensive Therapy (%)
| 50.9% | 28.4% | <0.001 | 60.4% | 29.4% | <0.001 |
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L)*
| 5.61 (±0.08) | 5.70 (±0.08) | 0.56 | 6.04 (±0.1) | 5.99 (±0.06) | 0.67 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)*
| 3.44 (±0.06) | 3.49 (±0.06) | 0.52 | 3.58 (± 0.06) | 3.54 (± 0.04) | 0.66 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)*
| 1.03 (±0.63) | 1.27 (±0.02) | <0.001 | 1.20 (± 0.02) | 1.48 (±0.016) | <0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L)†
| 2.10 (1.63; 2.64) | 1.32 (0.98; 1.57) | <0.001 | 2.15 (1.78; 2.83) | 1.24 (0.97; 1.56) | <0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus (%)
| 30.7% | 6.3% | <0.001 | 33.3% | 2.3% | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m
2
)*
| 29.88 (±0.35) | 26.06 (±0.2) | <0.001 | 32.39 (±0.47) | 26.95 (±0.25) | <0.001 |
ApoA1 (g/L)*
| 1.29 (±0.013) | 1.40 (±0.017) | <0.001 | 1.44 (±0.02) | 1.55 (±0.001) | <0.001 |
ApoB (g/L)*
| 1.21 (±0.02) | 1.19 (±0.02) | 0.48 | 1.23 (±0.02) | 1.18 (±0.014) | 0.044 |
Homa index†
| 2.25(1.15; 4.18) | 0.94(0.51; 1.8) | <0.001 | 2.51 (1.67; 3.86) | 1.14 (0.72; 1.7) | <0.001 |
IMTccMean (mm)*
| 0.79 (±0.15) | 0.76 (±0.12) | 0.084 | 0.77 (±0.16) | 0.69 (±0.13) | <0.001 |
Sum of total plaque area (mm
2
)†
| 53 (25; 103) | 42 (10;72) | 0.002 | 16 (1; 44) | 8 (1;32) | 0.01 |
Sum of plaque area carotids (mm
2
)†
| 22 (1; 39) | 12 (1; 27.5) | 0.011 | 8.75 (1;25.75) | 1 (1; 19) | 0.013 |
Sum of plaque area femoral (mm
2
)†
| 33(10; 62) | 23(1; 49) | 0.011 | 1(1; 17.75) | 1(1; 6) | 0.012 |
IMTcc
Basic model* | Adjusted model† | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(i)Metabolic syndrome | (ii)Number of components present | (i)Metabolic syndrome | (ii)Number of components present | |||||||||
B (95% CI) | P | R2 | B (95% CI) | P# | R2 | B (95% CI) | P | R2 | B (95% CI) | P# | R2 | |
IMTcc (mm) | 0.03 (0.00 to 0.05) | 0.02 | 0.278 | 0.02 (0.01 to 0.03) | <0.001 | 0.286 | 0.02 (0.00 to 0.04) | 0.047 | 0.287 | 0.02 (0.01 to 0.02) | <0.001 | 0.296 |
(ln)SPA | 0.24 (0.002 to 0.47) | 0.048 | 0.330 | 0.17 (0.07 to 0.26) | <0.001 | 0.337 | 0.22 (−0.015 to 0.45) | 0.07 | 0.344 | 0.16 (0.07 to 0.25) | 0.001 | 0.351 |
(ln)SPAcar | 0.15 (−0.07 to 0.38) | 0.18 | 0.234 | 0.10 (0.01 to 0.19) | 0.03 | 0.237 | 0.16 (−0.07 to 0.38) | 0.17 | 0.241 | 0.10 (0.01 to 0.19) | 0.03 | 0.244 |
(ln)SPAfem | 0.26 (0.02 to 0.50) | 0.03 | 0.303 | 0.15 (0.05 to 0.24) | 0.003 | 0.307 | 0.24 (0.004 to 0.48) | 0.046 | 0.333 | 0.14 (0.05 to 0.24) | 0.003 | 0.337 |
OR (95% CI)
|
P
|
R
2
|
OR (95% CI)
|
P
|
R
2
|
OR (95% CI)
|
P
|
R
2
|
OR (95% CI)
|
P
|
R
2
| |
Plaque Presence (0 Vs 1–4) | 1.42 (0.93 to 2.16) | 0.10 | 0.303 | 1.27 (1.08 to 1.5) | <0.001 | 0.319 | 1.38 (0.91 to 2.12) | 0.13 | 0.312 | 1.25 (1.06 to 1.48) | 0.008 | 0.326 |