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Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
Erschienen in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 12/2019

01.12.2019 | Demyelinating Disorders (J. Bernard & M. Cameron, Section Editors)

Atypical Pediatric Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System

verfasst von: Regina M. Troxell, Alison Christy

Erschienen in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | Ausgabe 12/2019

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Pediatric central nervous system demyelinating diseases include multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). As diagnostic criteria become more inclusive, the risk of misdiagnosis of atypical demyelinating diseases of rheumatologic, infectious, and autoimmune etiology increases.

Recent Findings

We review mimics of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, including rheumatologic diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus and neuro-Behçet disease; infectious diseases: human immunodeficiency virus, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and subacute sclerosis panencephalitis; and autoimmune diseases including X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) and autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) encephalopathy.

Summary

Atypical demyelinating disease may mimic classic neuroinflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Imaging may meet criteria for a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, or patients may present with optic neuritis and transverse myelitis consistent with neuromyelitis optica spectrum or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disorders. Through careful history-taking and review of atypical MRI findings, we may avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
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Metadaten
Titel
Atypical Pediatric Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System
verfasst von
Regina M. Troxell
Alison Christy
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2019
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports / Ausgabe 12/2019
Print ISSN: 1528-4042
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-6293
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-019-1015-y

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