Background
Pharmaceutical sector
Methods
Selection of pharmacy outlets
Selection of medicines
No. | Disease | Medicine | Formulation | Strength | Target size pack |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Intestinal parasite | Albendazole | tablet | 200 mg | 2 |
2 | Infectious disease | Amoxicillin | capsule | 250 mg | 10 |
Infectious disease | Amoxicillin | suspension | 125 mg | 100 ml | |
3 | Aminophyllin | injection | 25 mg/ml | 1 vial | |
4 | Infectious disease | Amoxicillin_Clavulanic acid | tablet | 125 mg + 125 mg, tab | 10 |
Infectious disease | Amoxicillin_Clavulanic acid | suspension | 125 mg + 31.25 mg | 100 ml | |
Infectious disease | Amoxicillin_Clavulanic acid | suspension | 250 mg + 62.50 mg | 100 ml | |
5 | Infectious disease | Azithromycin | capsule | 250 mg | 6 |
Infectious disease | Azithromycin | suspension | 200 mg/5 ml | 100 ml | |
6 | Asthma | Beclomethason | inhaler | 50 mg/day | 1 inhaler (200 doses) |
7 | Infectious disease | Benzylpenicillin | injection | 600 mg = 1 million IU | 1 vial |
8 | Seizure Disorder | Carbamazepine | tablet | 100 mg | 20 |
Seizure Disorder | Carbamazepine | suspension | 100 mg/5 ml | 100 ml | |
9 | Infectious disease | Cefazolin | injection | 1 g, vial | 1 vial |
10 | Infectious disease | Ceftriaxone | injection | 500 mg vial | 1 vial |
11 | Infectious disease | Chloramphenicol | tablet | 250 mg | 10 |
Infectious disease | Chloramphenicol | injection | 1 g, vial | 1 vial | |
12 | Infectious disease | Chlorpheniramine | tablet | 4 mg | 24 |
13 | Infectious disease | Clarithromycin | suspension | 125 mg/ 5 ml | 100 ml |
Infectious disease | Clarithromycin | tablet | 125 mg | 10 | |
14 | Infectious disease | Cotrimoxazole | tablet | 100 mg + 20 mg (also expressed as 400 mg + 80 mg) | 10 |
Infectious disease | Cotrimoxazole | suspension | 100 ml | ||
15 | Seizure Disorder | Diazepam | tablet | 5 mg | 10 |
16 | Anemia | Ferrous salt | suspension | 30 mg/5 ml | 100 ml |
17 | Fungal infection | Fluconazole | capsule | 150 mg | 6 |
18 | Infectious disease | Gentamycin | injection | 10 mg/ml | 1 vial |
19 | Pain/inflammation | Ibuprofen | tablet | 2 mg | 24 |
Pain/inflammation | Ibuprofen | suspension | 100 ml | ||
20 | Tuberculosis | Isoniazide | tablet | 100 mg | 56 |
21 | Pain | Morphine | tablet | 10 mg | 56 |
Pain | Morphine | oral solution | 10 mg/5 ml | 100 ml | |
22 | Dehydration | ORS | sachet | 500 ml | 1 sachet |
23 | Pain/inflammation | Paracetamol | tablet | 250 mg | 10 |
Pain/inflammation | Paracetamol | suppository | 125 mg | 10 | |
Pain/inflammation | Paracetamol | suppository | 250 mg | 10 | |
Pain/inflammation | Paracetamol | suspension | 125 mg | 100 ml | |
24 | Seizure Disorder | Phenobarbital | tablet | 30 mg | 10 |
Seizure Disorder | Phenobarbital | injection | 100 mg/ml | 1 vial | |
25 | Seizure Disorder | Phenytoin | tablet | 50 mg, | 90 |
Seizure Disorder | Phenytoin | suspension | 25 mg, 30 mg/5 ml | 500 ml | |
26 | Infectious disease | Procain penicillin | injection | 1 g, vial | 1 vial |
27 | Asthma | Salbutamol | inhaler | 100mcg | 1 inhaler (200 doses) |
28 | Xerophthalmia | Vitamin A | capsule | 100.000 IU | 50 |
29 | Anemia | Vitamin B6 | injection | 50 mg/ml | 1 vial |
30 | Dehydration | Zinc | tablet | 20 mg | 14 |
31 | Spacer | Device |
Data collection
Availability of medicines
Cross-country and international comparisons
Affordability
Results
Availability of medicines on the day of data collection
Public and private sector patient coats
Medicine | Formulation | Target size pack | Lowest price medicines MPR (25th -75th percentile) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Public sector | Private sector | |||
Albendazole | Tablet, 200 mg | 2 | 3.83 (3.83–5.74) | 3.83 (3.83–31.91) |
Amoxicillin | Capsule, 250 mg | 10 | 0.18 (0.17–0.34) | 0.17(0.17–0.18) |
Amoxicillin | Suspension, 125 mg | 100 ml | 2.51 (2.51–3.56) | 4.19 (2.51–4.47) |
Aminophyllin | Injection, 25 mg/ml | 1 vial | – | – |
Amoxicillin_Clavulanic acid | Tablet, 125 mg + 125 mg, tab | 10 | 3.18 (3.01–3.26) | 5.65 (3.51–5.65) |
Amoxicillin_Clavulanic acid | Suspension, 125 mg + 31.25 mg | 100 ml | 2.03 (1.85–2.40) | 4.59 (1.85–4.59) |
Amoxicillin_Clavulanic acid | Suspension, 250 mg + 62.50 mg | 100 ml | 3.75 (3.28–4.37) | 3.28 (3.16–3.30) |
Azithromycin | Capsule, 250 mg | 6 | 1.81 (1.63–1.90) | 1.41 (0.80–1.86) |
Azithromycin | Suspension, 200 mg/5 ml | 100 ml | 2.84 (2.63–2.84) | 3.13 (2.84–3.13) |
Beclomethason | Inhaler, 50 mg/ day | 1 inhaler (200 doses) | – | – |
Benzylpenicillin | Injection, 600 mg = 1 million IU | 1 vial | 0.89 (0.82–0.93) | 1.41 (0.80–1.90) |
Carbamazepin | Tablet, 100 mg | 20 | 2.26 (2.03–3.59) | 3.61 (2.03–3.61) |
Carbamazepin | Suspension, 100 mg/5 ml | 100 ml | ||
Cefazolin | Injection, 1 g, vial | 1 vial | 1.37 (1.31–1.54) | 1.31 (1.31–1.43) |
Ceftriaxone | Injection, 500 mg vial | 1 vial | 1.14 (1.05–1.31) | 1.32 (1.32–1.58) |
Chloramphenicol | Tablet, 250 mg | 10 | 2.10 (1.99–2.21) | 2.10 (1.99–2.21) |
Chloramphenicol | Injection,1 g, vial | 1 vial | ||
Chlorpheniramine | Tablet, 4 mg | 24 | 17.01 (17.01–17.75) | 17.38 (17.01–19.23) |
Clarithromycin | Suspension, 125 mg/ 5 ml | 100 ml | 1.14 (1.05–1.33) | 1.33 (1.33–1.39) |
Clarithromycin | Tablet, 125 mg | 10 | 1.51 (1.34–2.51) | 2.35 (2.22–2.51) |
Cotrimexazol | Tablet, 100 mg + 20 mg or 400 mg + 80 mg | 10 | 3.56 (3.56–3.86) | 3.96 (3.56–11.48) |
Cotrimexazol | Suspension, 40 mg/5 ml | 100 ml | 0.41 (0.38–0.42) | 0.42 (0.38–0.42) |
Diazepam | Tablet, 5 mg | 10 | 2.25 (2.14–3.05) | 3.21 (3.10–4.28) |
Ferrous salt | Suspension, 30 mg/5 ml | 100 ml | 0.53 (0.51–0.55) | 0.65 (0.59–0.69) |
Fluconazole | Capsule, 150 mg | 6 | 0.70 (0.70–0.73) | 3.02 (0.70–3.91) |
Gentamycin | Injection, 10 mg/ml | 1 vial | 0.59 (0.59–0.64) | 0.59 (0.59–0.80) |
Ibuprofen | Tablet, 2 mg | 24 | 12.38 (11.73–12.38) | 12.38 (10.42–14.66) |
Ibuprofen | Suspension, 100 mg/5 ml | 100 ml | 3.75 (3.76–4.46) | 4.46 (4.46–4.64) |
Isoniazide | Tablet, 100 mg | 56 | – | – |
Morphine | Tablet, 10 mg | 56 | – | – |
Morphine | oral solution, 10 mg/5 ml | 100 ml | – | – |
ORS | Sachet, 500 ml | 1 sachet | 4.02 (2.51–5.03) | 4.53 (4.15–5.53) |
Paracetamol | Tablet, 250 mg | 10 | – | – |
Paracetamol | Suppository, 125 mg | 10 | 1.32 (1.32–1.43) | 1.32 (1.32–1.43) |
Paracetamol | Suppository, 250 mg | 10 | 1.42 (1.42–1.53) | 1.48 (1.42–1.53) |
Paracetamol | Suspension, 125 mg/5 ml | 100 ml | 3.17 (3.07–6.40) | 7.92 (3.26–7.92) |
Phenobarbital | Tablet, 30 mg | – | – | |
Phenobarbital | Injection, 100 mg/ml | 1 vial | – | – |
Phenytoin | Tablet, 50 mg | 90 | – | – |
Phenytoin | Suspension, 25 mg,30 mg/5 ml | 500 ml | – | – |
Procain penicillin | Injection, 1 g, vial | 1 vial | 0.06 (0.06–0.07) | 0.08 (0.06–0.11) |
Salbutamol | Inhaler, 100mcg | 1 inhaler (200 doses) | 2.26 (1.45–2.51) | 2.51 (2.49–2.58) |
Vitamin A | Capsule, 100.000 IU | 50 | 1.60 (1.60–2.26) | 2.45 (1.60–2.52) |
Vitamin B6 | Injection, 50 mg/ml | 1 vial | 0.14 (0.14–0.17) | 0.17 (0.17–0.23) |
Zinc | Tablet, 20 mg | 14 | 1.95 (1.67–2.23) | 2.08 (1.67–2.23) |
Affordability of standard treatment regimens
Disease condition and ‘standard’ treatment | Day’s wages to pay for treatment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Condition | Drug name, strength, dosage form | Treatment schedule | LPM-Public sector | LPM-Private sector |
Respiratory Tract Infections, UTIs | Amoxicllin Suspension 125 mg/5 ml | Child up to 10 years: 125 mg(=5 ml)x3x7 days = 105 ml | 0.38 | 0.65 |
Respiratory Tract Infections, Otitis Media | Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid Suspension 125–31.25 mg/5 ml | Child 1–6 years: 125 mg(=5 ml)x3x7 days = 105 ml | 0.46 | 1.03 |
Respiratory Tract Infections, Otitis Media | Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid Suspension 250–62.5 mg/5 ml | Child over 10 years: 250 mg(=5 ml)x3x7 days = 105 ml | 0.85 | 1.00 |
Seizure Disorder | Carbamazepine tablet, 100 mg | Maintenance treatment: 5 mg/kg*18 kg*3*30 days = 8100 mg or 40.5 tablets for 1 month | 0.34 | 0.54 |
Infections due to Susceptible Organisms | Ceftriaxone 500 mg vial | Child under 50 kg: Maximum 1 g dailyx7 days = 7 g or 14 vials | 0.11 | 0.15 |
Infections due to Susceptible Organisms | Sulfamethoxazole+Trimethoprim (400 mg + 80 mg) | 18kgx4 mg/kg = 72 mg TMPx2x7days = 1008 mg.126 ml or 12.6 tablets total for 7 days | 0.09 | 0.30 |
Dehydration | Oral Rehydration Solution, powder to make 500 ml | Moderate Dehydration; 75 ml/kgx18kg = 1350 ml | 0.06 | 0.12 |
Pneumonia | Amoxicllin Suspension 125 mg/5 ml | Child up to 10 years: 125 mg(=5 ml)x3x7 days = 105 ml | 0.38 | 0.65 |
Pain/inflammation | Paracetamol Suspension 24 mg/ml | 5 year old child: 15 mg/kgx18kgx4x3 = 3240 mg = (130 mL) | 0.28 | 0.28 |
Pain/inflammation | Ibuprofen suspension | 5 year old child: 15 mg/kgx18kgx4x3 = 3240 mg = (130 mL) | 0.67 | 0.79 |
Asthma | Salbutamol inhaler 100 mcg/dose | 1 inhaler 200 doses | 0.38 | 0.65 |
Xerophthalmia | Vitamin A 50,000 units | Child 1–12 years: 200,000 units × 3 doses | 0.12 | 0.18 |