Skip to main content
Erschienen in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 13/2017

22.07.2017 | Original Article

Cardiac sympathetic neuronal damage precedes myocardial fibrosis in patients with Anderson-Fabry disease

verfasst von: Massimo Imbriaco, Teresa Pellegrino, Valentina Piscopo, Mario Petretta, Andrea Ponsiglione, Carmela Nappi, Marta Puglia, Serena Dell’Aversana, Eleonora Riccio, Letizia Spinelli, Antonio Pisani, Alberto Cuocolo

Erschienen in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging | Ausgabe 13/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

Cardiac sympathetic denervation may be detectable in patients with Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD), suggesting its usefulness for early detection of the disease. However, the relationship between sympathetic neuronal damage measured by 123I–metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging with myocardial fibrosis on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is still unclear.

Methods

Cardiac sympathetic innervation was assessed by 123I–MIBG single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 25 patients with genetically proved AFD. Within one month from MIBG imaging, all patients underwent contrast-enhanced CMR. MIBG defect size and fibrosis size on CMR were measured for the left ventricle (LV) and expressed as %LV.

Results

Patients were divided into three groups according to MIBG and CMR findings: (1) matched normal, without MIBG defects and without fibrosis on CMR (n = 10); (2) unmatched, with MIBG defect but without fibrosis (n = 5); and (3) matched abnormal, with MIBG defect and fibrosis (n = 10). The three groups did not differ with respect to age, gender, α-galactosidase, proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate, and troponin I, while New York Heart Association class (p = 0.008), LV hypertrophy (p = 0.05), and enzyme replacement therapy (p = 0.02) were different among groups. Although in patients with matched abnormal findings, there was a significant correlation between MIBG defect size and area of fibrosis at CMR (r2 = 0.98, p < 0.001), MIBG defect size was larger than fibrosis size (26 ± 23 vs. 18 ± 13%LV, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Sympathetic neuronal damage is frequent in AFD patients, and it may precede myocardial damage, such as fibrosis. Thus, 123I–MIBG imaging can be considered a challenging technique for early detection of cardiac involvement in AFD.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Desnick RJ, Ioannou YA, Eng CM. α-Galactosidase A deficiency: Fabry disease. In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D, editors. The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease. 8th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2001. p. 3733–74. Desnick RJ, Ioannou YA, Eng CM. α-Galactosidase A deficiency: Fabry disease. In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D, editors. The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease. 8th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2001. p. 3733–74.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Linhart A, Kampmann C, Zamorano JL, Sunder-Plassmann G, Beck M, Mehta A, et al. European FOS investigators. Cardiac manifestations of Anderson-Fabry disease: results from the international Fabry outcome survey. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:1228–35.CrossRefPubMed Linhart A, Kampmann C, Zamorano JL, Sunder-Plassmann G, Beck M, Mehta A, et al. European FOS investigators. Cardiac manifestations of Anderson-Fabry disease: results from the international Fabry outcome survey. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:1228–35.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Schiffmann R, Warnock DG, Banikazemi M, Bultas J, Linthorst GE, Packman S, et al. Fabry disease: progression of nephropathy, and prevalence of cardiac and cerebrovascular events before enzyme replacement therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009;24:2102–11.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Schiffmann R, Warnock DG, Banikazemi M, Bultas J, Linthorst GE, Packman S, et al. Fabry disease: progression of nephropathy, and prevalence of cardiac and cerebrovascular events before enzyme replacement therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009;24:2102–11.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Moon JC, Sachdev B, Elkington AG, McKenna WJ, Mehta A, Pennell DJ, et al. Gadolinium enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance in Anderson-Fabry disease. Evidence for a disease specific abnormality of the myocardial interstitium. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:2151–5.CrossRefPubMed Moon JC, Sachdev B, Elkington AG, McKenna WJ, Mehta A, Pennell DJ, et al. Gadolinium enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance in Anderson-Fabry disease. Evidence for a disease specific abnormality of the myocardial interstitium. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:2151–5.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Weidemann F, Sanchez-Niño MD, Politei J, Oliveira JP, Wanner C, Warnock DG, et al. Fibrosis: a key feature of Fabry disease with potential therapeutic implications. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2013;8:116.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Weidemann F, Sanchez-Niño MD, Politei J, Oliveira JP, Wanner C, Warnock DG, et al. Fibrosis: a key feature of Fabry disease with potential therapeutic implications. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2013;8:116.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Mewton N, Liu CY, Croisille P, Bluemke D, Lima JA. Assessment of myocardial fibrosis with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:891–903.CrossRefPubMed Mewton N, Liu CY, Croisille P, Bluemke D, Lima JA. Assessment of myocardial fibrosis with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:891–903.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu KC, Weiss RG, Thiemann DR, Kitagawa K, Schmidt A, Dalal D, et al. Late gadolinium enhancement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance heralds an adverse prognosis in non ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:2414–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wu KC, Weiss RG, Thiemann DR, Kitagawa K, Schmidt A, Dalal D, et al. Late gadolinium enhancement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance heralds an adverse prognosis in non ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:2414–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Stirrat J, White JA. The prognostic role of late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29:329–36.CrossRefPubMed Stirrat J, White JA. The prognostic role of late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29:329–36.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Oh-Ici D, Ridgway JP, Kuehne T, Berger F, Plein S, Sivananthan M, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance of myocardial edema using a short inversion time inversion recovery (STIR) black-blood technique: diagnostic accuracy of visual and semi-quantitative assessment. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2012;14:22. Oh-Ici D, Ridgway JP, Kuehne T, Berger F, Plein S, Sivananthan M, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance of myocardial edema using a short inversion time inversion recovery (STIR) black-blood technique: diagnostic accuracy of visual and semi-quantitative assessment. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2012;14:22.
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Kline RC, Swanson DP, Wieland DM, Thrall JH, Gross MD, Pit B, et al. Myocardial imaging in man with I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine. J Nucl Med. 1981;22:129–32.PubMed Kline RC, Swanson DP, Wieland DM, Thrall JH, Gross MD, Pit B, et al. Myocardial imaging in man with I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine. J Nucl Med. 1981;22:129–32.PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Wieland DM, Brown LE, LesRogers W, Worthington KC, Wu JI, Clinthorne NH, et al. Myocardial imaging with a radioionated norepinephrine storage analog. J Nucl Med. 1981;22:22–31.PubMed Wieland DM, Brown LE, LesRogers W, Worthington KC, Wu JI, Clinthorne NH, et al. Myocardial imaging with a radioionated norepinephrine storage analog. J Nucl Med. 1981;22:22–31.PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Wellman HN, Zipes DP. Cardiac sympathetic imaging with radioionated metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). In: Zipes DP, Rowlands DJ, editors. Progress in cardiology 3/1. Philadelphia/London: Lea & Febiger; 1990. p. 161–74. Wellman HN, Zipes DP. Cardiac sympathetic imaging with radioionated metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). In: Zipes DP, Rowlands DJ, editors. Progress in cardiology 3/1. Philadelphia/London: Lea & Febiger; 1990. p. 161–74.
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Barber MJ, Mueller TM, Henry DP, Felten SY, Zipes DP. Transmural myocardial infarction in the dog produces sympathectomy in non infarcted myocardium. Circulation. 1983;67:787–96.CrossRefPubMed Barber MJ, Mueller TM, Henry DP, Felten SY, Zipes DP. Transmural myocardial infarction in the dog produces sympathectomy in non infarcted myocardium. Circulation. 1983;67:787–96.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Dae MW, Herre JM, O’Connell JW, Botvinick EH, Newman D, Munoz L. Scintigraphic assessment of sympathetic innervation after transmural versus non transmural myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;17:1416–23.CrossRefPubMed Dae MW, Herre JM, O’Connell JW, Botvinick EH, Newman D, Munoz L. Scintigraphic assessment of sympathetic innervation after transmural versus non transmural myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;17:1416–23.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Stanton MS, Tuli MM, Radtke NL, Heger J, Miles WM, Mock BH, et al. Regional sympathetic denervation after myocardial infarction in humans detected non-invasively using I-123-metaiodobenzylguaninidine. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;14:1519–26.CrossRefPubMed Stanton MS, Tuli MM, Radtke NL, Heger J, Miles WM, Mock BH, et al. Regional sympathetic denervation after myocardial infarction in humans detected non-invasively using I-123-metaiodobenzylguaninidine. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;14:1519–26.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Glowniak JV, Turner FE, Gray LL, Palac RT, Lagunas-Solar MC, Woodward WR. Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging of the heart in idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy and cardiac transplants. J Nucl Med. 1989;30:1182–91.PubMed Glowniak JV, Turner FE, Gray LL, Palac RT, Lagunas-Solar MC, Woodward WR. Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging of the heart in idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy and cardiac transplants. J Nucl Med. 1989;30:1182–91.PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Schofer J, Spielmann R, Schuchert A, Weber K, Schluter M. Iodine-123-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy: a noninvasive method to demonstrate myocardial adrenergic nervous system disintegrity in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;12:1252–8.CrossRefPubMed Schofer J, Spielmann R, Schuchert A, Weber K, Schluter M. Iodine-123-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy: a noninvasive method to demonstrate myocardial adrenergic nervous system disintegrity in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;12:1252–8.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Henderson EB, Kahn JK, Corbett JR, Jansen DE, Pippin J, Kulkarni P, et al. Abnormal I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial washout and distribution may reflect myocardial adrenergic derangement in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 1988;78:1192–9.CrossRefPubMed Henderson EB, Kahn JK, Corbett JR, Jansen DE, Pippin J, Kulkarni P, et al. Abnormal I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial washout and distribution may reflect myocardial adrenergic derangement in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 1988;78:1192–9.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakajima K, Bunko H, Taki J, Shimizu M, Muramori A, Hisada K. Quantitative analysis of l23 I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J. 1990;119:1329–37.CrossRefPubMed Nakajima K, Bunko H, Taki J, Shimizu M, Muramori A, Hisada K. Quantitative analysis of l23 I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J. 1990;119:1329–37.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Stark RP, McGinn AL, Wilson RF. Chest pain in cardiac-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1791–4.CrossRefPubMed Stark RP, McGinn AL, Wilson RF. Chest pain in cardiac-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1791–4.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Spinelli L, Pellegrino T, Pisani A, Giudice CA, Riccio E, Imbriaco M, et al. Relationship between left ventricular diastolic function and myocardial sympathetic denervation measured by (123) I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine imaging in Anderson-Fabry disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2016;43:729–39.CrossRefPubMed Spinelli L, Pellegrino T, Pisani A, Giudice CA, Riccio E, Imbriaco M, et al. Relationship between left ventricular diastolic function and myocardial sympathetic denervation measured by (123) I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine imaging in Anderson-Fabry disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2016;43:729–39.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamamoto S, Suzuki H, Sugimura K, Tatebe S, Aoki T, Miura M, et al. Focal reduction in cardiac (123) I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine uptake in patients with Anderson-Fabry disease. Circ J. 2016;25(80):2550–1.CrossRef Yamamoto S, Suzuki H, Sugimura K, Tatebe S, Aoki T, Miura M, et al. Focal reduction in cardiac (123) I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine uptake in patients with Anderson-Fabry disease. Circ J. 2016;25(80):2550–1.CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of diet in renal disease study group. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:461–70.CrossRefPubMed Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of diet in renal disease study group. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:461–70.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Flotats A, Carrió I, Agostini D, Le Guludec D, Marcassa C, Schäfers M, et al. Proposal for standardization of 123I metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac sympathetic imaging by the EANM cardiovascular committee and the European Council of Nuclear Cardiology. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37:1802–12.CrossRefPubMed Flotats A, Carrió I, Agostini D, Le Guludec D, Marcassa C, Schäfers M, et al. Proposal for standardization of 123I metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac sympathetic imaging by the EANM cardiovascular committee and the European Council of Nuclear Cardiology. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37:1802–12.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Pellegrino T, Petretta M, De Luca S, Paolillo S, Boemio A, Carotenuto R, et al. Observer reproducibility of results from a low-dose 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine cardiac imaging protocol in patients with heart failure. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;40:1549–57.CrossRefPubMed Pellegrino T, Petretta M, De Luca S, Paolillo S, Boemio A, Carotenuto R, et al. Observer reproducibility of results from a low-dose 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine cardiac imaging protocol in patients with heart failure. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;40:1549–57.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Cerqueira MD, Weissman NJ, Dilsizian V, Jacobs AK, Kaul S, Laskey WK, et al. Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart: a statement for healthcare professionals from the cardiac imaging Committee of the Council on clinical cardiology of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2002;105:539–42.CrossRefPubMed Cerqueira MD, Weissman NJ, Dilsizian V, Jacobs AK, Kaul S, Laskey WK, et al. Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart: a statement for healthcare professionals from the cardiac imaging Committee of the Council on clinical cardiology of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2002;105:539–42.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Ponsiglione A, Puglia M, Morisco C, Barbuto L, Rapacciuolo A, Santoro M, et al. A unique association of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and acute myocarditis, as assessed by cardiac MRI: a case report. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016;21:16–230. Ponsiglione A, Puglia M, Morisco C, Barbuto L, Rapacciuolo A, Santoro M, et al. A unique association of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and acute myocarditis, as assessed by cardiac MRI: a case report. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016;21:16–230.
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim RJ, Wu E, Rafael A, Chen E, Parker MA, Simonetti O, et al. The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1445–53.CrossRefPubMed Kim RJ, Wu E, Rafael A, Chen E, Parker MA, Simonetti O, et al. The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1445–53.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Moon JC, Sheppard M, Reed E, Lee P, Elliot PM, Pennell DJ. The histological basis of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in a patient with Anderson-Fabry disease. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2006;8:479–82.CrossRefPubMed Moon JC, Sheppard M, Reed E, Lee P, Elliot PM, Pennell DJ. The histological basis of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in a patient with Anderson-Fabry disease. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2006;8:479–82.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Kozor R, Grieve SM, Tchan MC, Callaghan F, Hamilton-Craig C, Denaro C, et al. Cardiac involvement in genotype-positive Fabry disease patients assessed by cardiovascular MR. Heart. 2016;102:298–302.CrossRefPubMed Kozor R, Grieve SM, Tchan MC, Callaghan F, Hamilton-Craig C, Denaro C, et al. Cardiac involvement in genotype-positive Fabry disease patients assessed by cardiovascular MR. Heart. 2016;102:298–302.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat De Cobelli F, Esposito A, Belloni E, Pieroni M, Perseghin G, Chimenti C, et al. Delayed-enhanced cardiac MRI for differentiation of Fabry’s disease from symmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192:W97–102.CrossRef De Cobelli F, Esposito A, Belloni E, Pieroni M, Perseghin G, Chimenti C, et al. Delayed-enhanced cardiac MRI for differentiation of Fabry’s disease from symmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192:W97–102.CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Niemann M, Herrmann S, Hu K, Breunig F, Strotmann J, Beer M, et al. Differences in Fabry cardiomyopathy between female and male patients: consequences for diagnostic assessment. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4:592–601.CrossRefPubMed Niemann M, Herrmann S, Hu K, Breunig F, Strotmann J, Beer M, et al. Differences in Fabry cardiomyopathy between female and male patients: consequences for diagnostic assessment. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4:592–601.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Pica S, Sado DM, Maestrini V, Fontana M, White SK, Treibel T, et al. Reproducibility of native myocardial T1 mapping in the assessment of Fabry disease and its role in early detection of cardiac involvement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2014;5:16–99. Pica S, Sado DM, Maestrini V, Fontana M, White SK, Treibel T, et al. Reproducibility of native myocardial T1 mapping in the assessment of Fabry disease and its role in early detection of cardiac involvement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2014;5:16–99.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Sado DM, White SK, Piechnik SK, Banypersad SM, Treibel T, Captur G, et al. Identification and assessment of Anderson-Fabry disease by cardiovascular magnetic resonance noncontrast myocardial T1 mapping. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6:392–8.CrossRefPubMed Sado DM, White SK, Piechnik SK, Banypersad SM, Treibel T, Captur G, et al. Identification and assessment of Anderson-Fabry disease by cardiovascular magnetic resonance noncontrast myocardial T1 mapping. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6:392–8.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Krämer J, Niemann M, Liu D, Hu K, MacHann W, Beer M, et al. Two-dimensional speckle tracking as a non-invasive tool for identification of myocardial fibrosis in Fabry disease. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:1587–96.CrossRefPubMed Krämer J, Niemann M, Liu D, Hu K, MacHann W, Beer M, et al. Two-dimensional speckle tracking as a non-invasive tool for identification of myocardial fibrosis in Fabry disease. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:1587–96.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Nappi C, Altiero M, Imbriaco M, Nicolai E, Giudice CA, Aiello M, et al. First experience of simultaneous PET/MRI for the early detection of cardiac involvement in patients with Anderson-Fabry disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015;42:1025–31.CrossRefPubMed Nappi C, Altiero M, Imbriaco M, Nicolai E, Giudice CA, Aiello M, et al. First experience of simultaneous PET/MRI for the early detection of cardiac involvement in patients with Anderson-Fabry disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015;42:1025–31.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Verschure DO, Lutter R, van Eck-Smit BL, Somsen GA, Verberne HJ. Myocardial (123)I–MIBG scintigraphy in relation to markers of inflammation and long-term clinical outcome in patients with stable chronic heart failure. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016. doi:10.1007/s12350-016-0697-7 Verschure DO, Lutter R, van Eck-Smit BL, Somsen GA, Verberne HJ. Myocardial (123)I–MIBG scintigraphy in relation to markers of inflammation and long-term clinical outcome in patients with stable chronic heart failure. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016. doi:10.​1007/​s12350-016-0697-7
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Bertelsen AK, Tøndel C, Krohn J, Bull N, Aarseth J, Houge G, et al. Small fibre neuropathy in Fabry disease. J Neurol. 2013;260:917–9.CrossRefPubMed Bertelsen AK, Tøndel C, Krohn J, Bull N, Aarseth J, Houge G, et al. Small fibre neuropathy in Fabry disease. J Neurol. 2013;260:917–9.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Alamartine E, Sury A, Roche F, Pichot V, Barthelemy JC. Autonomic nervous system activity in patients with Fabry disease. Open J Intern Med. 2012;2:116–22.CrossRef Alamartine E, Sury A, Roche F, Pichot V, Barthelemy JC. Autonomic nervous system activity in patients with Fabry disease. Open J Intern Med. 2012;2:116–22.CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Namdar M, Steffel J, Vidovic M, Brunckhorst CB, Holzmeister J, Luscher TF, et al. Electrocardiographic changes in early recognition of Fabry disease. Heart. 2011;97:485–90.CrossRefPubMed Namdar M, Steffel J, Vidovic M, Brunckhorst CB, Holzmeister J, Luscher TF, et al. Electrocardiographic changes in early recognition of Fabry disease. Heart. 2011;97:485–90.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Cardiac sympathetic neuronal damage precedes myocardial fibrosis in patients with Anderson-Fabry disease
verfasst von
Massimo Imbriaco
Teresa Pellegrino
Valentina Piscopo
Mario Petretta
Andrea Ponsiglione
Carmela Nappi
Marta Puglia
Serena Dell’Aversana
Eleonora Riccio
Letizia Spinelli
Antonio Pisani
Alberto Cuocolo
Publikationsdatum
22.07.2017
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging / Ausgabe 13/2017
Print ISSN: 1619-7070
Elektronische ISSN: 1619-7089
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-017-3778-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 13/2017

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 13/2017 Zur Ausgabe