Background
Methods
Participants
Physical examination and neurological evaluation
Biochemical investigations
Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy
Statistics
Results
Demographic profile and clinical features
Variable | Healthy controls | Asymptomatic HIV | HIV with CNS lesion | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | ||
n = 30 | n = 20 | n = 21 | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 19 | 11 | 20 | 50 (70.42 %) |
Female | 11 | 09 | 01 | 21 (29.58 %) |
Marital status | ||||
Married | 16 | 17 | 15 | 48 (67.61 %) |
Unmarried | 14 | 03 | 06 | 23 (32.39 %) |
Socioeconomic status | ||||
Upper (I) | 17 | 02 | 01 | 20 (28.17 %) |
Upper Middle (II) | 06 | 03 | 02 | 11 (15.49 %) |
Lower Middle (III) | 02 | 05 | 03 | 10 (14.08 %) |
Upper Lower (IV) | 04 | 06 | 15 | 25 (35.21 %) |
Lower (V) | 01 | 04 | 00 | 05 (07.04 %) |
High risk behavior | ||||
None | 30 | 00 | 00 | 30 |
Not specified | 00 | 04 | 01 | 05 |
Heterosexual intercourse | 00 | 13 | 18 | 31 |
I.V. needle sharing | 00 | 00 | 02 | 02 |
Blood transfusion | 00 | 01 | 00 | 01 |
Tattooing | 00 | 01 | 00 | 01 |
From spouse | 00 | 01 | 00 | 01 |
Presenting complaints | ||||
None | 30 | 00 | 00 | 30 |
Fever | 00 | 11 | 08 | 19 |
Altered sensorium | 00 | 00 | 11 | 11 |
Retrospective after spouse | 00 | 03 | 00 | 03 |
Antenatal screening | 00 | 02 | 00 | 02 |
Others | 00 | 04 | 02 | 06 |
Biochemical parameters
Variable | Healthy controls | Asymptomatic HIV | HIV with CNS lesion | p-value | Post-hoc comparison | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I vs II | I vs III | II vs III | |||||
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | |||||
n = 30 | n = 20 | n = 21 | |||||
Age | 34.33 ± 12.5 | 36.95 ± 13.1 | 37.29 ± 10.6 | 0.63 | |||
Respiratory rate Per minute | 15.8 ± 1.1 | 15.4 ± 1.1 | 16.6 ± 2.2 | 0.04 | 1.00 | 0.19 | 0.04 |
Systolic blood pressure in mmHg | 121.67 ± 7.47 | 118.5 ± 7.42 | 112 ± 12.55 | 0.002 | 0.72 | 0.001 | 0.08 |
CD4 count/ul | 257.40 ± 129.09 | 106.95 ± 86.94 | 0.0001 | ||||
Hemoglobin gm/dl | 14.49 ± 1.57 | 12.46 ± 1.28 | 10.68 ± 2.69 | 0.0001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.01 |
Serum Calcium Meq/L | 9.16 ± 0.6 | 8.56 ± 0.77 | 8.16 ± 0.64 | 0.0001 | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.18 |
Serum sodium Meg/L | 140.03 ± 4.04 | 138.05 ± 4.51 | 134.76 ± 5.52 | 0.0008 | 0.43 | 0.001 | 0.72 |
Serum albumin gm/dl | 4.56 ± 0.77 | 3.89 ± 0.81 | 3.36 ± 0.61 | 0.0001 | 0.008 | 0.001 | 0.72 |
Serum globulin gm/dl | 2.43 ± 0.59 | 3 ± 0.46 | 3.6 ± 0.98 | 0.0001 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.72 |
LDL mg/dl | 100.37 ± 15.33 | 103.7 ± 20.9 | 126.62 ± 20.9 | 0.0001 | 1 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
MRI and MRS data
Variable | Healthy controls | Asymptomatic HIV | HIV with CNS lesion | p-value | Post-hoc comparison | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I vs II | I vs III | II vs III | |||||
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | |||||
n = 30 (mmol/kg) | n = 20 (mmol/kg) | n = 21 (mmol/kg) | |||||
tNAA | |||||||
Frontal | 9.29 ± 3.11 | 10.67 ± 3.8 | 10.99 ± 4.11 | 0.24 | 0.56 | 0.44 | 1 |
Basal ganglia | 7.31 ± 0.47 | 7.29 ± 0.74 | 6.71 ± 0.64 | 0.01 | 1 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
Lip09 + MM09 | |||||||
FWM | 5.59 ± 1.56 | 5.14 ± 1.79 | 8.69 ± 2.96 | 0.02 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.11 |
BG | 5.87 ± 1.05 | 5.76 ± 1.95 | 5.59 ± 0.53 | 0.78 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
tCho | |||||||
FWM | 2.08 ± 0.70 | 2.50 ± 0.99 | 2.62 ± 0.78 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.12 | 1 |
BG | 1.62 ± 0.17 | 1.68 ± 0.28 | 1.56 ± 0.16 | 0.27 | 1 | 1 | 0.33 |
tCr | |||||||
Frontal | 6.95 ± 2.56 | 8.9 ± 2.9 | 9.14 ± 3.04 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1 |
Basal ganglia | 6.95 ± 1.51 | 6.3 ± 1.77 | 6.62 ± 0.78 | 0.19 | 0.4 | 0.38 | 1 |
Glx (Glu + Gln) | |||||||
FWM | 15.0 ± 6.06 | 17.08 ± 5.6 | 20.4 ± 7.8 | 0.05 | 0.82 | 0.05 | 0.47 |
BG | 13.99 ± 2.89 | 14.12 ± 3.6 | 13.92 ± 1.67 | 0.98 | 1 | 1 | 1 |