Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 11/2013

01.11.2013 | Demyelinating Disorders (DN Bourdette and V Yadav, Section Editors)

Cell-Based Reparative Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis

verfasst von: Tamir Ben-Hur, Nina Fainstein, Yossi Nishri

Erschienen in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | Ausgabe 11/2013

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The strong rationale for cell-based therapy in multiple sclerosis is based on the ability of stem and precursor cells of neural and mesenchymal origin to attenuate neuroinflammation, to facilitate endogenous repair processes, and to participate directly in remyelination, if directed towards a myelin-forming fate. However, there are still major gaps in knowledge regarding induction of repair in chronic multiple sclerosis lesions, and whether transplanted cells can overcome the multiple environmental inhibitory factors which underlie the failure of endogenous repair. Major challenges in clinical translation include the determination of the optimal cellular platform, the route of cell delivery, and candidate patients for treatment.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Politis M, Lindvall O. Clinical application of stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease. BMC Med. 2012;10:1.PubMedCrossRef Politis M, Lindvall O. Clinical application of stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease. BMC Med. 2012;10:1.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Precious SV, Rosser AE. Producing striatal phenotypes for transplantation in Huntington's disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2012;237:343–51.CrossRef Precious SV, Rosser AE. Producing striatal phenotypes for transplantation in Huntington's disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2012;237:343–51.CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Benraiss A, Goldman SA. Cellular therapy and induced neuronal replacement for Huntington's disease. Neurotherapeutics. 2012;8:577–90.CrossRef Benraiss A, Goldman SA. Cellular therapy and induced neuronal replacement for Huntington's disease. Neurotherapeutics. 2012;8:577–90.CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Wang S, Bates J, Li X, Schanz S, Chandler-Militello D, Levine C, et al. Human iPSC-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells can myelinate and rescue a mouse model of congenital hypomyelination. Cell Stem Cell. 2013;12:252–64. With this study, showing extensive migration and myelination by human OPCs in a genetic dysmyelinating mouse model with long-term mouse survival, the stage is set for clinical translation of cell therapy in human dysmyelinating diseases.PubMedCrossRef •• Wang S, Bates J, Li X, Schanz S, Chandler-Militello D, Levine C, et al. Human iPSC-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells can myelinate and rescue a mouse model of congenital hypomyelination. Cell Stem Cell. 2013;12:252–64. With this study, showing extensive migration and myelination by human OPCs in a genetic dysmyelinating mouse model with long-term mouse survival, the stage is set for clinical translation of cell therapy in human dysmyelinating diseases.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang SC, Duncan ID. Remyelination and restoration of axonal function by glial cell transplantation. Prog Brain Res. 2000;127:515–33.PubMedCrossRef Zhang SC, Duncan ID. Remyelination and restoration of axonal function by glial cell transplantation. Prog Brain Res. 2000;127:515–33.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Blakemore WF, Franklin RJ. Transplantation options for therapeutic central nervous system remyelination. Cell Transplant. 2000;9:289–94.PubMed Blakemore WF, Franklin RJ. Transplantation options for therapeutic central nervous system remyelination. Cell Transplant. 2000;9:289–94.PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Einstein O, Karussis D, Grigoriadis N, Mizrachi-Kol R, Reinhartz E, Abramsky O, et al. Intraventricular transplantation of neural precursor cell spheres attenuates acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2003;24:1074–82.PubMedCrossRef Einstein O, Karussis D, Grigoriadis N, Mizrachi-Kol R, Reinhartz E, Abramsky O, et al. Intraventricular transplantation of neural precursor cell spheres attenuates acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2003;24:1074–82.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Pluchino S, Zanotti L, Rossi B, Brambilla E, Ottoboni L, Salani G, et al. Neurosphere-derived multipotent precursors promote neuroprotection by an immunomodulatory mechanism. Nature. 2005;436:266–71.PubMedCrossRef Pluchino S, Zanotti L, Rossi B, Brambilla E, Ottoboni L, Salani G, et al. Neurosphere-derived multipotent precursors promote neuroprotection by an immunomodulatory mechanism. Nature. 2005;436:266–71.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Einstein O, Fainstein N, Vaknin I, Mizrachi-Kol R, Reihartz E, Grigoriadis N, et al. Neural precursors attenuate autoimmune encephalomyelitis by peripheral immunosuppression. Ann Neurol. 2007;61:209–18.PubMedCrossRef Einstein O, Fainstein N, Vaknin I, Mizrachi-Kol R, Reihartz E, Grigoriadis N, et al. Neural precursors attenuate autoimmune encephalomyelitis by peripheral immunosuppression. Ann Neurol. 2007;61:209–18.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Pluchino S, Gritti A, Blezer E, Amadio S, Brambilla E, Borsellino G, et al. Human neural stem cells ameliorate autoimmune encephalomyelitis in non-human primates. Ann Neurol. 2009;66:343–54.PubMedCrossRef Pluchino S, Gritti A, Blezer E, Amadio S, Brambilla E, Borsellino G, et al. Human neural stem cells ameliorate autoimmune encephalomyelitis in non-human primates. Ann Neurol. 2009;66:343–54.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Aharonowiz M, Einstein O, Fainstein N, Lassmann H, Reubinoff B, Ben-Hur T. Neuroprotective effect of transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursors in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. PLoS One. 2008;3:e3145.PubMedCrossRef Aharonowiz M, Einstein O, Fainstein N, Lassmann H, Reubinoff B, Ben-Hur T. Neuroprotective effect of transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursors in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. PLoS One. 2008;3:e3145.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Papadopoulos D, Pham-Dinh D, Reynolds R. Axon loss is responsible for chronic neurological deficit following inflammatory demyelination in the rat. Exp Neurol. 2006;197:373–85.PubMedCrossRef Papadopoulos D, Pham-Dinh D, Reynolds R. Axon loss is responsible for chronic neurological deficit following inflammatory demyelination in the rat. Exp Neurol. 2006;197:373–85.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Pluchino S, Zanotti L, Brambilla E, Rovere-Querini P, Capobianco A, Alfaro-Cervello C, et al. Immune regulatory neural stem/precursor cells protect from central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining dendritic cell function. PLoS One. 2009;4:e5959.PubMedCrossRef Pluchino S, Zanotti L, Brambilla E, Rovere-Querini P, Capobianco A, Alfaro-Cervello C, et al. Immune regulatory neural stem/precursor cells protect from central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining dendritic cell function. PLoS One. 2009;4:e5959.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Fainstein N, Vaknin I, Einstein O, Zisman P, Sasson SZ, Baniyash M, et al. Neural precursor cells inhibit multiple inflammatory signals. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2008;39:335–41.PubMedCrossRef Fainstein N, Vaknin I, Einstein O, Zisman P, Sasson SZ, Baniyash M, et al. Neural precursor cells inhibit multiple inflammatory signals. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2008;39:335–41.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat • Fainstein N, Einstein O, Cohen ME, Brill L, Lavon I, Ben-Hur T. Time limited immunomodulatory functions of transplanted neural precursor cells. Glia. 2013;61:140–9. This is the first study to show limitations in therapeutic plasticity of transplanted stem/precursor cells which restrict their potential in clinical translation. Essentially, transplanted neural precursor cells lose their immunomodulatory properties within several weeks after transplantation.PubMedCrossRef • Fainstein N, Einstein O, Cohen ME, Brill L, Lavon I, Ben-Hur T. Time limited immunomodulatory functions of transplanted neural precursor cells. Glia. 2013;61:140–9. This is the first study to show limitations in therapeutic plasticity of transplanted stem/precursor cells which restrict their potential in clinical translation. Essentially, transplanted neural precursor cells lose their immunomodulatory properties within several weeks after transplantation.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Einstein O, Ben-Hur T. The changing face of neural stem cell therapy in neurologic diseases. Arch Neurol. 2008;65:452–6.PubMedCrossRef Einstein O, Ben-Hur T. The changing face of neural stem cell therapy in neurologic diseases. Arch Neurol. 2008;65:452–6.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat De Feo D, Merlini A, Laterza C, Martino G. Neural stem cell transplantation in central nervous system disorders: from cell replacement to neuroprotection. Curr Opin Neurol. 2012;25:322–33.PubMedCrossRef De Feo D, Merlini A, Laterza C, Martino G. Neural stem cell transplantation in central nervous system disorders: from cell replacement to neuroprotection. Curr Opin Neurol. 2012;25:322–33.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruff CA, Wilcox JT, Fehlings MG. Cell-based transplantation strategies to promote plasticity following spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol. 2012;235:78–90.PubMedCrossRef Ruff CA, Wilcox JT, Fehlings MG. Cell-based transplantation strategies to promote plasticity following spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol. 2012;235:78–90.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Hattiangady B, Shuai B, Cai J, Coksaygan T, Rao MS, Shetty AK. Increased dentate neurogenesis after grafting of glial restricted progenitors or neural stem cells in the aging hippocampus. Stem Cells. 2007;25:2104–17.PubMedCrossRef Hattiangady B, Shuai B, Cai J, Coksaygan T, Rao MS, Shetty AK. Increased dentate neurogenesis after grafting of glial restricted progenitors or neural stem cells in the aging hippocampus. Stem Cells. 2007;25:2104–17.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Ben-Shaanan TL, Ben-Hur T, Yanai J. Transplantation of neural progenitors enhances production of endogenous cells in the impaired brain. Mol Psychiatry. 2008;13:222–31.PubMedCrossRef Ben-Shaanan TL, Ben-Hur T, Yanai J. Transplantation of neural progenitors enhances production of endogenous cells in the impaired brain. Mol Psychiatry. 2008;13:222–31.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Einstein O, Friedman-Levi Y, Grigoriadis N, Ben-Hur T. Transplanted neural precursors enhance host brain-derived myelin regeneration. J Neurosci. 2009;29:15694–702.PubMedCrossRef Einstein O, Friedman-Levi Y, Grigoriadis N, Ben-Hur T. Transplanted neural precursors enhance host brain-derived myelin regeneration. J Neurosci. 2009;29:15694–702.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Uccelli A, Moretta L, Pistoia V. Mesenchymal stem cells in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8:726–36.PubMedCrossRef Uccelli A, Moretta L, Pistoia V. Mesenchymal stem cells in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8:726–36.PubMedCrossRef
23.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Kassis I, Vaknin-Dembinsky A, Karussis D. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: agents of immunomodulation and neuroprotection. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2011;6:63–8.PubMedCrossRef Kassis I, Vaknin-Dembinsky A, Karussis D. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: agents of immunomodulation and neuroprotection. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2011;6:63–8.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Prineas JW, Barnard RO, Kwon EE, Sharer LR, Cho ES. Multiple sclerosis: remyelination of nascent lesions. Ann Neurol. 1993;33:137–51.PubMedCrossRef Prineas JW, Barnard RO, Kwon EE, Sharer LR, Cho ES. Multiple sclerosis: remyelination of nascent lesions. Ann Neurol. 1993;33:137–51.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Lucchinetti C, Bruck W, Parisi J, Scheithauer B, Rodriguez M, Lassmann H. Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination. Ann Neurol. 2000;47:707–17.PubMedCrossRef Lucchinetti C, Bruck W, Parisi J, Scheithauer B, Rodriguez M, Lassmann H. Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination. Ann Neurol. 2000;47:707–17.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Scolding N, Franklin R, Stevens S, Heldin CH, Compston A, Newcombe J. Oligodendrocyte progenitors are present in the normal adult human CNS and in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. Brain. 1998;121:2221–8.PubMedCrossRef Scolding N, Franklin R, Stevens S, Heldin CH, Compston A, Newcombe J. Oligodendrocyte progenitors are present in the normal adult human CNS and in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. Brain. 1998;121:2221–8.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Wolswijk G. Chronic stage multiple sclerosis lesions contain a relatively quiescent population of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. J Neurosci. 1998;18:601–9.PubMed Wolswijk G. Chronic stage multiple sclerosis lesions contain a relatively quiescent population of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. J Neurosci. 1998;18:601–9.PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang A, Nishiyama A, Peterson J, Prineas J, Trapp BD. NG2-positive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in adult human brain and multiple sclerosis lesions. J Neurosci. 2000;20:6404–12.PubMed Chang A, Nishiyama A, Peterson J, Prineas J, Trapp BD. NG2-positive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in adult human brain and multiple sclerosis lesions. J Neurosci. 2000;20:6404–12.PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang A, Tourtellotte WW, Rudick R, Trapp BD. Premyelinating oligodendrocytes in chronic lesions of multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:165–73.PubMedCrossRef Chang A, Tourtellotte WW, Rudick R, Trapp BD. Premyelinating oligodendrocytes in chronic lesions of multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:165–73.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Wolswijk G. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the demyelinated multiple sclerosis spinal cord. Brain. 2002;125:338–49.PubMedCrossRef Wolswijk G. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the demyelinated multiple sclerosis spinal cord. Brain. 2002;125:338–49.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Lau LW, Keough MB, Haylock-Jacobs S, Cua R, Doring A, Sloka S, et al. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in demyelinated lesions impair remyelination. Ann Neurol. 2012;72:419–32.PubMedCrossRef Lau LW, Keough MB, Haylock-Jacobs S, Cua R, Doring A, Sloka S, et al. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in demyelinated lesions impair remyelination. Ann Neurol. 2012;72:419–32.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Back SA, Tuohy TM, Chen H, Wallingford N, Craig A, Struve J, et al. Hyaluronan accumulates in demyelinated lesions and inhibits oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation. Nat Med. 2005;11:966–72.PubMed Back SA, Tuohy TM, Chen H, Wallingford N, Craig A, Struve J, et al. Hyaluronan accumulates in demyelinated lesions and inhibits oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation. Nat Med. 2005;11:966–72.PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat • Sloane JA, Batt C, Ma Y, Harris ZM, Trapp B, Vartanian T. Hyaluronan blocks oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation and remyelination through TLR2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:11555–60. This work shows in vitro and in vivo data that provide the molecular basis by which (glial scar derived) hyaluronan inhibits remyelination.PubMedCrossRef • Sloane JA, Batt C, Ma Y, Harris ZM, Trapp B, Vartanian T. Hyaluronan blocks oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation and remyelination through TLR2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:11555–60. This work shows in vitro and in vivo data that provide the molecular basis by which (glial scar derived) hyaluronan inhibits remyelination.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Mi S, Miller RH, Lee X, Scott ML, Shulag-Morskaya S, Shao Z, et al. LINGO-1 negatively regulates myelination by oligodendrocytes. Nat Neurosci. 2005;8:745–51.PubMedCrossRef Mi S, Miller RH, Lee X, Scott ML, Shulag-Morskaya S, Shao Z, et al. LINGO-1 negatively regulates myelination by oligodendrocytes. Nat Neurosci. 2005;8:745–51.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Charles P, Hernandez MP, Stankoff B, Aigrot MS, Colin C, Rougon G, et al. Negative regulation of central nervous system myelination by polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97:7585–90.PubMedCrossRef Charles P, Hernandez MP, Stankoff B, Aigrot MS, Colin C, Rougon G, et al. Negative regulation of central nervous system myelination by polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97:7585–90.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Charles P, Reynolds R, Seilhean D, Rougon G, Aigrot MS, Niezgoda A, et al. Re-expression of PSA-NCAM by demyelinated axons: an inhibitor of remyelination in multiple sclerosis? Brain. 2002;125:1972–9.PubMedCrossRef Charles P, Reynolds R, Seilhean D, Rougon G, Aigrot MS, Niezgoda A, et al. Re-expression of PSA-NCAM by demyelinated axons: an inhibitor of remyelination in multiple sclerosis? Brain. 2002;125:1972–9.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Mi S, Hu B, Hahm K, Luo Y, Kam Hui ES, Yuan Q, et al. LINGO-1 antagonist promotes spinal cord remyelination and axonal integrity in MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nat Med. 2007;13:1228–33.PubMedCrossRef Mi S, Hu B, Hahm K, Luo Y, Kam Hui ES, Yuan Q, et al. LINGO-1 antagonist promotes spinal cord remyelination and axonal integrity in MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nat Med. 2007;13:1228–33.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Blakemore WF, Irvine KA. Endogenous or exogenous oligodendrocytes for remyelination. J Neurol Sci. 2008;265:43–6.PubMedCrossRef Blakemore WF, Irvine KA. Endogenous or exogenous oligodendrocytes for remyelination. J Neurol Sci. 2008;265:43–6.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Merkler D, Ernsting T, Kerschensteiner M, Bruck W, Stadelmann C. A new focal EAE model of cortical demyelination: multiple sclerosis-like lesions with rapid resolution of inflammation and extensive remyelination. Brain. 2006;129:1972–83.PubMedCrossRef Merkler D, Ernsting T, Kerschensteiner M, Bruck W, Stadelmann C. A new focal EAE model of cortical demyelination: multiple sclerosis-like lesions with rapid resolution of inflammation and extensive remyelination. Brain. 2006;129:1972–83.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Woodruff RH, Franklin RJ. Demyelination and remyelination of the caudal cerebellar peduncle of adult rats following stereotaxic injections of lysolecithin, ethidium bromide, and complement/anti-galactocerebroside: a comparative study. Glia. 1999;25:216–28.PubMedCrossRef Woodruff RH, Franklin RJ. Demyelination and remyelination of the caudal cerebellar peduncle of adult rats following stereotaxic injections of lysolecithin, ethidium bromide, and complement/anti-galactocerebroside: a comparative study. Glia. 1999;25:216–28.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Fainstein N, Cohen ME, Ben-Hur T. Time associated decline in neurotrophic properties of neural stem cell grafts render them dependent on brain region-specific environmental support. Neurobiol Dis. 2012;49C:41–8.PubMed Fainstein N, Cohen ME, Ben-Hur T. Time associated decline in neurotrophic properties of neural stem cell grafts render them dependent on brain region-specific environmental support. Neurobiol Dis. 2012;49C:41–8.PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Keirstead HS, Nistor G, Bernal G, Totoiu M, Cloutier F, Sharp K, et al. Human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cell transplants remyelinate and restore locomotion after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci. 2005;25:4694–705.PubMedCrossRef Keirstead HS, Nistor G, Bernal G, Totoiu M, Cloutier F, Sharp K, et al. Human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cell transplants remyelinate and restore locomotion after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci. 2005;25:4694–705.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Kohama I, Lankford KL, Preiningerova J, White FA, Vollmer TL, Kocsis JD. Transplantation of cryopreserved adult human Schwann cells enhances axonal conduction in demyelinated spinal cord. J Neurosci. 2001;21:944–50.PubMed Kohama I, Lankford KL, Preiningerova J, White FA, Vollmer TL, Kocsis JD. Transplantation of cryopreserved adult human Schwann cells enhances axonal conduction in demyelinated spinal cord. J Neurosci. 2001;21:944–50.PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Sasaki M, Lankford KL, Radtke C, Honmou O, Kocsis JD. Remyelination after olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation into diverse demyelinating environments. Exp Neurol. 2011;229:88–98.PubMedCrossRef Sasaki M, Lankford KL, Radtke C, Honmou O, Kocsis JD. Remyelination after olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation into diverse demyelinating environments. Exp Neurol. 2011;229:88–98.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Zujovic V, Thibaud J, Bachelin C, Vidal M, Coulpier F, Charnay P, et al. Boundary cap cells are highly competitive for CNS remyelination: fast migration and efficient differentiation in PNS and CNS myelin-forming cells. Stem Cells. 2010;28:470–9.PubMed Zujovic V, Thibaud J, Bachelin C, Vidal M, Coulpier F, Charnay P, et al. Boundary cap cells are highly competitive for CNS remyelination: fast migration and efficient differentiation in PNS and CNS myelin-forming cells. Stem Cells. 2010;28:470–9.PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat • Bai L, Lennon DP, Caplan AI, DeChant A, Hecker J, Kranso J, et al. Hepatocyte growth factor mediates mesenchymal stem cell-induced recovery in multiple sclerosis models. Nat Neurosci. 2012;15:862–70. This study provides the (although probably not the only) molecular basis for the trophic effects of MSCs in EAE. It highlights the important unsolved question of whether treatment with beneficial mediators might be sufficient instead of the need to deliver the entire cell factory for effective therapy.PubMedCrossRef • Bai L, Lennon DP, Caplan AI, DeChant A, Hecker J, Kranso J, et al. Hepatocyte growth factor mediates mesenchymal stem cell-induced recovery in multiple sclerosis models. Nat Neurosci. 2012;15:862–70. This study provides the (although probably not the only) molecular basis for the trophic effects of MSCs in EAE. It highlights the important unsolved question of whether treatment with beneficial mediators might be sufficient instead of the need to deliver the entire cell factory for effective therapy.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Fisher-Shoval Y, Barhum Y, Sadan O, Yust-Katz S, Ben-Zur T, Lev N, et al. Transplantation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the EAE mouse model of MS. J Mol Neurosci. 2012;48:176–84.PubMedCrossRef Fisher-Shoval Y, Barhum Y, Sadan O, Yust-Katz S, Ben-Zur T, Lev N, et al. Transplantation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the EAE mouse model of MS. J Mol Neurosci. 2012;48:176–84.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu R, Zhang Z, Lu Z, Borlongan C, Pan J, Chen J, et al. Human umbilical cord stem cells ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by regulating immunoinflammation and remyelination. Stem Cells Dev. 2013;22:1053–62.PubMedCrossRef Liu R, Zhang Z, Lu Z, Borlongan C, Pan J, Chen J, et al. Human umbilical cord stem cells ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by regulating immunoinflammation and remyelination. Stem Cells Dev. 2013;22:1053–62.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Akiyama Y, Radtke C, Kocsis JD. Remyelination of the rat spinal cord by transplantation of identified bone marrow stromal cells. J Neurosci. 2002;22:6623–30.PubMed Akiyama Y, Radtke C, Kocsis JD. Remyelination of the rat spinal cord by transplantation of identified bone marrow stromal cells. J Neurosci. 2002;22:6623–30.PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Keilhoff G, Stang F, Goihl A, Wolf G, Fansa H. Transdifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells as alternative therapy in supporting nerve regeneration and myelination. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2006;26:1235–52.PubMedCrossRef Keilhoff G, Stang F, Goihl A, Wolf G, Fansa H. Transdifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells as alternative therapy in supporting nerve regeneration and myelination. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2006;26:1235–52.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Keirstead HS, Ben-Hur T, Rogister B, O'Leary MT, Dubois-Dalcq M, Blakemore WF. Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule-positive CNS precursors generate both oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells to remyelinate the CNS after transplantation. J Neurosci. 1999;19:7529–36.PubMed Keirstead HS, Ben-Hur T, Rogister B, O'Leary MT, Dubois-Dalcq M, Blakemore WF. Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule-positive CNS precursors generate both oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells to remyelinate the CNS after transplantation. J Neurosci. 1999;19:7529–36.PubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Ben-Hur T, Einstein O, Mizrachi-Kol R, Ben-Menachem O, Reinhartz E, Karussis D, et al. Transplanted multipotential neural precursor cells migrate into the inflamed white matter in response to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Glia. 2003;41:73–80.PubMedCrossRef Ben-Hur T, Einstein O, Mizrachi-Kol R, Ben-Menachem O, Reinhartz E, Karussis D, et al. Transplanted multipotential neural precursor cells migrate into the inflamed white matter in response to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Glia. 2003;41:73–80.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Ben-Hur T, van Heeswijk RB, Einstein O, Aharonowiz M, Xue R, Frost EE, et al. Serial in vivo MR tracking of magnetically labeled neural spheres transplanted in chronic EAE mice. Magn Reson Med. 2007;57:164–71.PubMedCrossRef Ben-Hur T, van Heeswijk RB, Einstein O, Aharonowiz M, Xue R, Frost EE, et al. Serial in vivo MR tracking of magnetically labeled neural spheres transplanted in chronic EAE mice. Magn Reson Med. 2007;57:164–71.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Muja N, Cohen ME, Zhang J, Kim H, Gilad AA, Walczak P, et al. Neural precursors exhibit distinctly different patterns of cell migration upon transplantation during either the acute or chronic phase of EAE: A serial MR imaging study. Magn Reson Med. 2011;65:1738–49.PubMedCrossRef Muja N, Cohen ME, Zhang J, Kim H, Gilad AA, Walczak P, et al. Neural precursors exhibit distinctly different patterns of cell migration upon transplantation during either the acute or chronic phase of EAE: A serial MR imaging study. Magn Reson Med. 2011;65:1738–49.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Sadan O, Shemesh N, Barzilay R, Bahat-Stromza M, Melamed E, Cohen Y, et al. Migration of neurotrophic factors-secreting mesenchymal stem cells toward a quinolinic acid lesion as viewed by magnetic resonance imaging. Stem Cells. 2008;26:2542–51.PubMedCrossRef Sadan O, Shemesh N, Barzilay R, Bahat-Stromza M, Melamed E, Cohen Y, et al. Migration of neurotrophic factors-secreting mesenchymal stem cells toward a quinolinic acid lesion as viewed by magnetic resonance imaging. Stem Cells. 2008;26:2542–51.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Grigoriadis N, Lourbopoulos A, Lagoudaki R, Frischer JM, Polyzoidou E, Touloumi O, et al. Variable behavior and complications of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplanted in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Exp Neurol. 2011;230:78–89.PubMedCrossRef Grigoriadis N, Lourbopoulos A, Lagoudaki R, Frischer JM, Polyzoidou E, Touloumi O, et al. Variable behavior and complications of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplanted in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Exp Neurol. 2011;230:78–89.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Barhum Y, Gai-Castro S, Bahat-Stromza M, Barzilay R, Melamed E, Offen D. Intracerebroventricular transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells induced to secrete neurotrophic factors attenuates clinical symptoms in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. J Mol Neurosci. 2010;41:129–37.PubMedCrossRef Barhum Y, Gai-Castro S, Bahat-Stromza M, Barzilay R, Melamed E, Offen D. Intracerebroventricular transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells induced to secrete neurotrophic factors attenuates clinical symptoms in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. J Mol Neurosci. 2010;41:129–37.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang J, Jiang Z, Fitzgerald DC, Ma C, Yu S, Li H, et al. Adult neural stem cells expressing IL-10 confer potent immunomodulation and remyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalitis. J Clin Invest. 2009;119:3678–91.PubMedCrossRef Yang J, Jiang Z, Fitzgerald DC, Ma C, Yu S, Li H, et al. Adult neural stem cells expressing IL-10 confer potent immunomodulation and remyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalitis. J Clin Invest. 2009;119:3678–91.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Sher F, Amor S, Gerritsen W, Baker D, Jackson SL, Boddeke E, et al. Intraventricularly injected Olig2-NSCs attenuate established relapsing-remitting EAE in mice. Cell Transplant. 2012;21:1883–97.PubMedCrossRef Sher F, Amor S, Gerritsen W, Baker D, Jackson SL, Boddeke E, et al. Intraventricularly injected Olig2-NSCs attenuate established relapsing-remitting EAE in mice. Cell Transplant. 2012;21:1883–97.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Politi LS, Bacigaluppi M, Brambilla E, Cadioli M, Falini A, Comi G, et al. Magnetic-resonance-based tracking and quantification of intravenously injected neural stem cell accumulation in the brains of mice with experimental multiple sclerosis. Stem Cells. 2007;25:2583–92.PubMedCrossRef Politi LS, Bacigaluppi M, Brambilla E, Cadioli M, Falini A, Comi G, et al. Magnetic-resonance-based tracking and quantification of intravenously injected neural stem cell accumulation in the brains of mice with experimental multiple sclerosis. Stem Cells. 2007;25:2583–92.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Borlongan CV, Glover LE, Tajiri N, Kaneko Y, Freeman TB. The great migration of bone marrow-derived stem cells toward the ischemic brain: therapeutic implications for stroke and other neurological disorders. Prog Neurobiol. 2011;95:213–28.PubMedCrossRef Borlongan CV, Glover LE, Tajiri N, Kaneko Y, Freeman TB. The great migration of bone marrow-derived stem cells toward the ischemic brain: therapeutic implications for stroke and other neurological disorders. Prog Neurobiol. 2011;95:213–28.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Payne NL, Sun G, McDonald C, Layton D, Moussa L, Emerson-Webber A, et al. Distinct immunomodulatory and migratory mechanisms underpin the therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells in autoimmune demyelination. Cell Transplant. 2013;22:1409–25.PubMedCrossRef Payne NL, Sun G, McDonald C, Layton D, Moussa L, Emerson-Webber A, et al. Distinct immunomodulatory and migratory mechanisms underpin the therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells in autoimmune demyelination. Cell Transplant. 2013;22:1409–25.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Bulte JW, Ben-Hur T, Miller BR, Mizrachi-Kol R, Einstein O, Reinhartz E, et al. MR microscopy of magnetically labeled neurospheres transplanted into the Lewis EAE rat brain. Magn Reson Med. 2003;50:201–5.PubMedCrossRef Bulte JW, Ben-Hur T, Miller BR, Mizrachi-Kol R, Einstein O, Reinhartz E, et al. MR microscopy of magnetically labeled neurospheres transplanted into the Lewis EAE rat brain. Magn Reson Med. 2003;50:201–5.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Magliozzi R, Howell O, Vora A, Serafini B, Nicholas R, Puopolo M, et al. Meningeal B-cell follicles in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis associate with early onset of disease and severe cortical pathology. Brain. 2007;130:1089–104.PubMedCrossRef Magliozzi R, Howell O, Vora A, Serafini B, Nicholas R, Puopolo M, et al. Meningeal B-cell follicles in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis associate with early onset of disease and severe cortical pathology. Brain. 2007;130:1089–104.PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat • Peters A, Pitcher LA, Sullivan JM, Mitsdoerffer M, Acton SE, Franz B, et al. Th17 cells induce ectopic lymphoid follicles in central nervous system tissue inflammation. Immunity. 2011;35:986–96. This study suggests the molecular mechanism of transition of MS pathogenesis from a systemic immunologically driven disease to a CNS-compartmentalized disease.PubMedCrossRef • Peters A, Pitcher LA, Sullivan JM, Mitsdoerffer M, Acton SE, Franz B, et al. Th17 cells induce ectopic lymphoid follicles in central nervous system tissue inflammation. Immunity. 2011;35:986–96. This study suggests the molecular mechanism of transition of MS pathogenesis from a systemic immunologically driven disease to a CNS-compartmentalized disease.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Karussis D, Karageorgiou C, Vaknin-Dembinsky A, Gowda-Kurkalli B, Gomori JM, Kassis I, et al. Safety and immunological effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 2010;67:1187–94.PubMedCrossRef Karussis D, Karageorgiou C, Vaknin-Dembinsky A, Gowda-Kurkalli B, Gomori JM, Kassis I, et al. Safety and immunological effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 2010;67:1187–94.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Connick P, Kolappan M, Crawley C, Webber DJ, Patani R, Michell AW, et al. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: an open-label phase 2a proof-of-concept study. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:150–6.PubMedCrossRef Connick P, Kolappan M, Crawley C, Webber DJ, Patani R, Michell AW, et al. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: an open-label phase 2a proof-of-concept study. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:150–6.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Cell-Based Reparative Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis
verfasst von
Tamir Ben-Hur
Nina Fainstein
Yossi Nishri
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2013
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports / Ausgabe 11/2013
Print ISSN: 1528-4042
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-6293
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-013-0397-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 11/2013

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 11/2013 Zur Ausgabe

Neurotrauma (J Levine, Section Editor)

Coagulopathy Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury

Neuro-Ophthalmology (A Kawasaki, Section Editor)

Neuro-Ophthalmic Deficits after Head Trauma

Demyelinating Disorders (DN Bourdette and V Yadav, Section Editors)

Monoclonal Antibodies as Disease Modifying Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Sind Frauen die fähigeren Ärzte?

30.04.2024 Gendermedizin Nachrichten

Patienten, die von Ärztinnen behandelt werden, dürfen offenbar auf bessere Therapieergebnisse hoffen als Patienten von Ärzten. Besonders gilt das offenbar für weibliche Kranke, wie eine Studie zeigt.

Akuter Schwindel: Wann lohnt sich eine MRT?

28.04.2024 Schwindel Nachrichten

Akuter Schwindel stellt oft eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Wie nützlich dabei eine MRT ist, hat eine Studie aus Finnland untersucht. Immerhin einer von sechs Patienten wurde mit akutem ischämischem Schlaganfall diagnostiziert.

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Frühe Alzheimertherapie lohnt sich

25.04.2024 AAN-Jahrestagung 2024 Nachrichten

Ist die Tau-Last noch gering, scheint der Vorteil von Lecanemab besonders groß zu sein. Und beginnen Erkrankte verzögert mit der Behandlung, erreichen sie nicht mehr die kognitive Leistung wie bei einem früheren Start. Darauf deuten neue Analysen der Phase-3-Studie Clarity AD.

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.