Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Psychiatry Reports 8/2020

01.08.2020 | Child and Family Disaster Psychiatry (B Pfefferbaum, Section Editor)

Children’s Reactions to Media Coverage of War

verfasst von: Betty Pfefferbaum, Phebe Tucker, Vandana Varma, Yogesh Varma, Pascal Nitiéma, Elana Newman

Erschienen in: Current Psychiatry Reports | Ausgabe 8/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This paper reviews research on the effects of contact with war media coverage on psychological outcomes in children.

Recent Findings

Children’s contact with media coverage of war is pervasive and is associated with numerous outcomes and with their parents’ reactions. Younger children are more affected by news stories with visual cues, while older children are more distressed by stories about actual threat.

Summary

There is a strong theoretical basis for developmental influences on children’s war media reactions, but the potential influence of other child factors (e.g., gender, socioeconomic disadvantage, prior trauma, culture, religious and political ideology) and aspects of coverage and the context of contact warrant additional attention. More research also is needed to explore differential effects of media coverage on children with different war exposures, the strategies children use to cope with coverage, and the mediating effects of parental involvement and intervention.
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Pfefferbaum B, Tucker P, Pfefferbaum RL, Nelson SD, Nitiéma P. Newman E. Media effects in youth exposed to terrorist incidents: a historical perspective. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018;20:11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0875-1This review examined the association between media contact and psychological outcomes in children exposed to single incidents of terrorism and traces the evolution in research methodology used over time. CrossRefPubMed •• Pfefferbaum B, Tucker P, Pfefferbaum RL, Nelson SD, Nitiéma P. Newman E. Media effects in youth exposed to terrorist incidents: a historical perspective. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018;20:11. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11920-018-0875-1This review examined the association between media contact and psychological outcomes in children exposed to single incidents of terrorism and traces the evolution in research methodology used over time. CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Pfefferbaum B, Tucker P, Newman E, Nelson SD, Nitiéma P, Pfefferbaum RL. Terrorism media effects in youth exposed to chronic threat and conflict in Israel. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019;21:28. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11920-019-1005-4. This review examined the effects of contact with terrorism media coverage on psychological outcomes in children in the context of chronic threat and conflict in Israel. •• Pfefferbaum B, Tucker P, Newman E, Nelson SD, Nitiéma P, Pfefferbaum RL. Terrorism media effects in youth exposed to chronic threat and conflict in Israel. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019;21:28. https://​link.​springer.​com/​article/​10.​1007%2Fs11920-019-1005-4. This review examined the effects of contact with terrorism media coverage on psychological outcomes in children in the context of chronic threat and conflict in Israel.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Cantor J, Mares ML, Oliver MB. Parents’ and children’s emotional reactions to TV coverage of the Gulf War. In: Greenberg BS, Gantz W, editors. Desert storm and the mass media. Cresskill: Hampton Press; 1993. p. 325–40. Cantor J, Mares ML, Oliver MB. Parents’ and children’s emotional reactions to TV coverage of the Gulf War. In: Greenberg BS, Gantz W, editors. Desert storm and the mass media. Cresskill: Hampton Press; 1993. p. 325–40.
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldman R. Israeli pre-school children during war time stress: their knowledge and interpretation of the 1973 war. Soc Educ. 1974;38(4):367–70. Goldman R. Israeli pre-school children during war time stress: their knowledge and interpretation of the 1973 war. Soc Educ. 1974;38(4):367–70.
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoffner C, Haefner MJ. Children’s affective responses to news coverage of the war. In: Greenberg BS, Gantz W, editors. Desert storm and the mass media. Cresskill: Hampton Press; 1993. p. 364–80. Hoffner C, Haefner MJ. Children’s affective responses to news coverage of the war. In: Greenberg BS, Gantz W, editors. Desert storm and the mass media. Cresskill: Hampton Press; 1993. p. 364–80.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat • Lavi T, Itzhaky L, Menachem M, Solomon Z. Adolescents on the front line: Exposure to shelling via television and the parental role. Psychiatry. 2016;79:85–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2015.1084471This study of a treatment seeking adolescent sample exposed to rocket shelling found that parental explanation of news coverage was not effective in decreasing posttraumatic stress but was effective in decreasing general distress in youth with relatively low levels of direct exposure to the war compared to those with the greatest direct exposure. CrossRefPubMed • Lavi T, Itzhaky L, Menachem M, Solomon Z. Adolescents on the front line: Exposure to shelling via television and the parental role. Psychiatry. 2016;79:85–94. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1080/​00332747.​2015.​1084471This study of a treatment seeking adolescent sample exposed to rocket shelling found that parental explanation of news coverage was not effective in decreasing posttraumatic stress but was effective in decreasing general distress in youth with relatively low levels of direct exposure to the war compared to those with the greatest direct exposure. CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Pfefferbaum B, Jeon-Slaughter H, Jacobs AK, Houston JB. Children of National Guard troops: a pilot study of deployment, patriotism, and media coverage. Int J Emerg Mental Health Human Resilience. 2013;15(2):129–38. Pfefferbaum B, Jeon-Slaughter H, Jacobs AK, Houston JB. Children of National Guard troops: a pilot study of deployment, patriotism, and media coverage. Int J Emerg Mental Health Human Resilience. 2013;15(2):129–38.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Smith SL, Moyer-Gusé E. Children and the war on Iraq: developmental differences in fear responses to television news Coverage. Media Psychol. 2006;8:213–37. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532785xmep0803_2Parent report in this study of a representative sample of children in Michigan USA revealed that older children watched more news coverage of the Iraq War, were more likely to perceive the war as frightening and serious in nature, and were more frightened by the war than younger children. Increased media contact was associated with heightened fear, regardless of age. CrossRef •• Smith SL, Moyer-Gusé E. Children and the war on Iraq: developmental differences in fear responses to television news Coverage. Media Psychol. 2006;8:213–37. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1207/​s1532785xmep0803​_​2Parent report in this study of a representative sample of children in Michigan USA revealed that older children watched more news coverage of the Iraq War, were more likely to perceive the war as frightening and serious in nature, and were more frightened by the war than younger children. Increased media contact was associated with heightened fear, regardless of age. CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat •• van der Voort THA, van Lil JE, Vooijs MW. Parent and child emotional involvement in the Netherlands. In: Greenberg BS, Gantz W, editors. Desert Storm and the mass media. Cresskill: Hampton Press; 1993. p. 341–52. This longitudinal study of a representative Dutch sample using both child and parent report found that television was the most used information source of the Gulf War for both children and parents, that few children reported being upset by war coverage, that increased media contact was associated with stronger emotional reactions in children, and that children’s negative emotional reactions decreased after cessation of hostilities. •• van der Voort THA, van Lil JE, Vooijs MW. Parent and child emotional involvement in the Netherlands. In: Greenberg BS, Gantz W, editors. Desert Storm and the mass media. Cresskill: Hampton Press; 1993. p. 341–52. This longitudinal study of a representative Dutch sample using both child and parent report found that television was the most used information source of the Gulf War for both children and parents, that few children reported being upset by war coverage, that increased media contact was associated with stronger emotional reactions in children, and that children’s negative emotional reactions decreased after cessation of hostilities.
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Walma van der Molen JH, Konijn EA. Dutch children’s emotional reactions to news about the war in Iraq: influence of media exposure, identification, and empathy. In: Lemish D, Gotz M, editors. Children and media in times of war and conflict. Cresskill: Hampton Press; 2007. p. 74–97. Walma van der Molen JH, Konijn EA. Dutch children’s emotional reactions to news about the war in Iraq: influence of media exposure, identification, and empathy. In: Lemish D, Gotz M, editors. Children and media in times of war and conflict. Cresskill: Hampton Press; 2007. p. 74–97.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Wober M, Young BM. British children’s knowledge of, emotional reactions to, and ways of making sense of the war. In: Greenberg BS, Gantz W, editors. Desert storm and the mass media. Cresskill: Hampton Press; 1993. p. 381–94. Wober M, Young BM. British children’s knowledge of, emotional reactions to, and ways of making sense of the war. In: Greenberg BS, Gantz W, editors. Desert storm and the mass media. Cresskill: Hampton Press; 1993. p. 381–94.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat • Smith SL, Wilson BJ. Children’s comprehension of and fear reactions to television news. Media Psychol. 2002;4:1–26. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532785xmep0401_01This study examined children’s understanding of and fear reactions to “everyday” news stories. Children were able to remember and describe news stories that upset them. Older children were more likely than younger children to understand news coverage and to be frightened by it. CrossRef • Smith SL, Wilson BJ. Children’s comprehension of and fear reactions to television news. Media Psychol. 2002;4:1–26. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1207/​s1532785xmep0401​_​01This study examined children’s understanding of and fear reactions to “everyday” news stories. Children were able to remember and describe news stories that upset them. Older children were more likely than younger children to understand news coverage and to be frightened by it. CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat • Lubens P, Holman EA. The unintended consequences of disaster-related media coverage. In: Ursano RJ, Fullerton CS, Weisaeth L, Raphael B, editors. Textbook of disaster psychiatry, second edition. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2017. p. 181–92. This review described the consequences of disaster media coverage in adults and children, examined mechanisms linking media contact with psychological reactions, and offered recommendations for management of media contact. CrossRef • Lubens P, Holman EA. The unintended consequences of disaster-related media coverage. In: Ursano RJ, Fullerton CS, Weisaeth L, Raphael B, editors. Textbook of disaster psychiatry, second edition. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2017. p. 181–92. This review described the consequences of disaster media coverage in adults and children, examined mechanisms linking media contact with psychological reactions, and offered recommendations for management of media contact. CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Children’s Reactions to Media Coverage of War
verfasst von
Betty Pfefferbaum
Phebe Tucker
Vandana Varma
Yogesh Varma
Pascal Nitiéma
Elana Newman
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2020
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Psychiatry Reports / Ausgabe 8/2020
Print ISSN: 1523-3812
Elektronische ISSN: 1535-1645
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01165-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2020

Current Psychiatry Reports 8/2020 Zur Ausgabe

Sleep Disorders (P Gehrman, Section Editor)

Neuropsychiatric Correlates of Narcolepsy

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

23.04.2024 Demenz Nachrichten

Wenn Demenzkranke aufgrund von Symptomen wie Agitation oder Aggressivität mit Antipsychotika behandelt werden, sind damit offenbar noch mehr Risiken verbunden als bislang angenommen.

Weniger postpartale Depressionen nach Esketamin-Einmalgabe

Bislang gibt es kein Medikament zur Prävention von Wochenbettdepressionen. Das Injektionsanästhetikum Esketamin könnte womöglich diese Lücke füllen.

„Psychotherapie ist auch bei sehr alten Menschen hochwirksam!“

22.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Kongressbericht

Die Kombination aus Medikamenten und Psychotherapie gilt als effektivster Ansatz bei Depressionen. Das ist bei betagten Menschen nicht anders, trotz Besonderheiten.

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

22.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Nachrichten

Um Menschen nach der Flucht aus einem Krisengebiet bestmöglich medizinisch betreuen zu können, ist es gut zu wissen, welche Erkrankungen im jeweiligen Herkunftsland häufig sind. Dabei hilft eine Internetseite der CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Update Psychiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.