Background
Biology, Detection and enrichment of CTCS
Clinical applications of CTC detection in HCC patients
Ref. | Patients (HCC) | Ethnicity | Blood Source | Controls | Measurements | Methodology | Positive Rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Matsumura M et al., 1994 [22] | 33 | Japan | Hepatic Vein Inferior Vena Cava | HV (30) | AFP | RT-PCR | 52% |
Funaki N et al., 1995 [103] | 12 | Japan | Peripheral blood | HV (5) | AFP | RT-PCR | 71% |
Lemoine A et al., 1997 [24] | 20 | France | Pre, During Peripheral blood | 44 (IHC:2; LM: 25; LC: 13; HV: 2) | AFP | RT-PCR | 17% |
Matsumura M et al., 1999 [23] | 88 | Japan | Peripheral blood | NA | AFP | RT-PCR | 63% |
Wong IH et al., 2001 [25] | 84 | China | Pre, During, Post Peripheral blood | HV (53) | AFP ALB | RT-PCR | 55% |
Mou et al., 2002 [31] | 30 | China | Pre resection | HV (25) | MAGE1 MAGE3 | RT-PCR | 43% |
Witzigmann et al., 2002 [26] | 85 | Germany | Pre, During, Post Peripheral blood | 116 (OLT: 50; BLD: 39; HV: 27) | AFP | RT-PCR | 28% |
Cillo et al., 2004 [27] | 50 | Italy | Pre Resection Peripheral blood | 50 (HD: 6; OCD: 44) | AFP | RT-PCR | 40% |
Jeng et al., 2004 [28] | 81 | China | Pre, Post Resection Peripheral blood | 50 (HV: 30; HD: 69) | AFP | RT-PCR | 23% |
Kong et al., 2009 [29] | 343 | South Korea | Peripheral blood | NA | AFP hTERT | RT-PCR | 59% 14% |
Bahnassy AA et al., 2014 [33] | 120 | Egypt | Peripheral blood | 63 (CLD: 30; HV: 33) | MAGE1/3 CK19 CD133 | RT-PCR | 55% 73% 69% |
Choi GH et al., 2015 [34] | 81 | South Korea | Peripheral blood | 16 (LHD) | K19, CD44 | RT-PCT | 22% |
Jin JH et al., 2016 [30] | 72 | China | Peripheral blood | NA | AFP | RT-PCR | 59% |
Guo LM et al., 2017 [35] | 51 | China | Peripheral blood | 30 (LC: 10; HV: 20) | CTAs PLAC1 | RT-PCR | 70% |
Vona G et al., 2000 [36] | 7 | France | Peripheral blood | HV (8) | AFP | ISET RT-PCR | 42% |
Vona G et al., 2004 [104] | 44 | France | Peripheral blood | 107 (HV:38; HD: 20) | NA | ISET | 52% |
Morris KL et al., 2014 [37] | 52 | United Kingdom | Peripheral blood | No treatment | GPC3 | ISET CellSearch™ | 100% |
Fan J et al., 2011 [105] | 82 | China | Pre, Post resection | NA | NA | CellSearch™ | 68% |
Xu W et al., 2011 [44] | 85 | China | Pre resection | 71 (HD: 37; HV: 20; OCD: 14) | Hep Par 1 | CellSearch™ | 81% |
Schulze K et al., 2013 | 59 | Germany | Pre resection | HD (19) | AFP | CellSearch™ | 30% |
Sun YF et al., 2013 [41] | 123 | China | Pre, Post resection | NA | CD133 ABCG2 | CellSearch™ | 66% |
Mu H et al., 2014 [106] | 62 | China | Peripheral blood | 22 (CLD: 7; HV: 15) | ASGPR GPC3 | CellSearch™ | 90% 93% |
Guo W et al., 2014 [107] | 299 | China | Peripheral blood | 120 (HV: 71; BT: 24; CLD: 25) | EpCAM | CellSearch™ | 76% |
Kelley RK et al., 2015 [42] | 20 | Caucasian 55% Asian 35% American 10% | Peripheral blood | NA | NA | CellSearch™ | 40% |
Zhou Y et al., 2016 [108] | 49 | China | Peripheral blood | HV (50) | CD4 | CellSearch™ | 35% |
Felden JV et al., 2017 [109] | 61 | Germany | Peripheral blood | CLD (31) | NA | CellSearch™ | 15% |
Sun YF et al., 2017 [40] | 73 | China | Peripheral blood Portal Vein | NA | EpCAM | CellSearch™ | 68% |
Xu Wen et al., 2011 [44] | 85 | China | Peripheral blood | 37 (CLD) | Her-2 TP53 | Flow Cytometry | 81% |
Li YM et al., 2013 [49] | 60 | China | Peripheral blood | 30 (BT: 10; HV: 10; OLT: 10) | Twist Vimentin | Flow Cytometry | 76% |
Li J et al., 2014 [45] | 27 | China | Peripheral blood | 61 (OLT: 12; CLD:23; BT: 11; HV: 15) | ASGPR CPS1 P-CK | Flow Cytometry | 89% |
Liu HY et al., 2015 [46] | 32 | China | Peripheral blood | 77 (OLT: 17; CLD: 40; HV: 20) | ASGPR CPS1 | Flow Cytometry | 91% |
Liu ZX et al., 2016 [47] | 52 | China | Peripheral blood | HV (12) | EpCAM | Flow Cytometry | 57% |
Li J et al., 2016 [48] | 109 | China | Peripheral blood | NA | pERK pAkt | Flow Cytometry | 92% |
Shi J et al., 2016 [50] | 47 | China | Pre, Post Resection Peripheral blood | NA | EpCAM | Flow Cytometry | 100% |
Ogle LF et al., 2016 [51] | 69 | United Kingdom | Peripheral blood | 31 (HV: 15; CLD: 16) | Cytokeratin EpCAM | Flow Cytometry | 29% 18% |
Julich-Haertel H et al., 2017 [52] | 172 | Germany | Peripheral blood | 256 (CLD: 54; HV: 202) | EpCAM ASGPR1 taMRs | Flow Cytometry | 78% |
Zhang Yu et al., 2016 [55] | 36 | China | Peripheral blood | NA | CPS1 CD45 | CTC-Chip | 85% |
Kalinich M et al., 2016 [54] | 16 | United States | Peripheral blood | NA | Chip | CTC-Chip | 56% |
Wang S et al., 2016 [56] | 42 | China | Peripheral blood | NA | Chip | CTC-Chip | 61% |
Wang Z et al., 2017 [38] | 62 | China | Peripheral blood | NA | NA | CanPatroI™ System | 84% |
Chen J et al., 2017 [39] | 195 | China | Peripheral blood | NA | NA | CanPatroI™ System | 95% |
Future directions
Biology, detection and enrichment of ctDNA
Detection methods for ctDNA
Clinical application of ctDNA detection in HCC patients
Ref. | Patients (HCC) | Ethnicity | Blood sample | Controls | Measure methods | Target site | Positive rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ren N et al., 2006 [71] | 79 | China | Plasma | 40 (LC: 20; HV: 20) | Quantitative analysis Real-Time PCR | Chromosome 8p | NA |
Iizuka N et al., 2006 [72] | 60 | Japan | Serum | CLD: 30 | Quantitative analysis Real-Time PCR | GSTP1 | NA |
Yang Y et al., 2011 [73] | 60 | China | Plasma | 50 (CLD: 21; HV: 29) | Quantitative analysis FQ-PCR | hTERT | NA |
Huang Z et al., 2012 [74] | 72 | China | Plasma | 78 (LC: 72; HV: 41) | Quantitative analysis Real-Time PCR | Beta-Actin | NA |
Piciocchi M et al., 2013 [75] | 66 | Italy | Plasma | 76 (LC: 35; CLD: 41) | Quantitative analysis Real-Time PCR | hTERT | NA |
Huang A et al., 2016 [76] | 53 | China | Plasma | 16: OLT | Quantitative analysis Real-Time PCR | ALU | NA |
Yan L et al., 2017 [77] | 24 | China | Plasma | 62: CLD | Quantitative analysis Qubit Assay | NA | NA |
Wong, I. H et al., 2000 | 25 | China | Plasma /Serum | 55 (LC: 35; HV: 20) | Methylation MS-PCR |
P15
P16
| 64% 48% |
Wong, I. H et al., 2003 | 29 | China | Plasma | CLD: 50 | Methylation MS-PCR |
P16INK4a
| 80% |
Yeo, W et al., 2005 [86] | 40 | United Kingdom | Plasma | HV: 10 | Methylation MS-PCR |
RASSF1A
| 92% |
Zhang YJ et al., 2007 [79] | 50 | China | Plasma | HV: 50 | Methylation MS-PCR |
RASSF1A
P15
P16
| 70% 22% 44% |
Chang Hong et al., 2008 [85] | 26 | China | Plasma | CLD: 16 | Methylation MS-PCR | P16 GSTP1 RASSF1A APC | 19% 19% 26% 61% |
Chan, K. C et al., 2008 [87] | 63 | China | Serum | HV: 50 | Methylation MS-PCR | RASSF1A | 93% |
Iyer, P et al., 2009 | 150 | Egypt | Plasma | HV: 150 | Methylation MS-PCR | APC FHIT P15 P16 | 53% 67% 10% 46% |
Huang, Z. H et al., 2011 [82] | 72 | China | Plasma | HD: 37 | Methylation MS-PCR | APC GSTP1 RASSF1A SFRP1 | 68% 55% 72% 55% |
Iizuka, N et al., 2011 [81] | 108 | Japan | Serum | CLD: 56 | Methylation MS-PCR | BASP1 CCND2 APC SPINT2 SRD5A2 CFTR RASSF1A | 62% 64% 17% 35% 8% 56% 92% |
Sun, F. K et al., 2012 [84] | 43 | China | Serum | 50 (CLD: 24; HV: 26) | Methylation MS-PCR | TFPI2 | 46% |
Zhang, P et al., 2013 [89] | 31 | China | Serum | HV: 21 | Methylation MS-PCR | DBX2 THY1 | 88% 85% |
Han, LY et al., 2014 [90] | 160 | China | Serum | 133 (CLD: 88; HV: 45) | Methylation MS-PCR | TGR5 | 48% |
Ji, XF et al., 2014 [91] | 121 | China | Serum | 69 (CLD: 37; HV: 31) | Methylation MS-PCR | MT1M MT1G | 48% 70% |
Huang, G et al., 2014 [92] | 66 | United States | Serum | CLD:43 | Methylation MS-PCR | INK4A | 65% |
Wen Lu et al., 2015 | 36 | China | Serum | 55 (LC: 17; HV: 38) | Methylation MS-PCR | RGS10 ST8SIA6 RUNX2 VIM | 94% |
Xu RH et al., 2017 [93] | 1098 | China | Plasma | HV: 835 | Methylation MS-PCR | Diagnostic panel (10) Prognostic panel (8) | 85% |