Introduction
Methods
Patient identification and selection
Data collection
Subgroup comparisons
Follow-up and clinical outcomes
Statistics
Results
Demographic data
Total (n = 53) | Non-CVT (n = 32) | CVT (n = 21) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender(Male), n(%) | 29 (54.7) | 20 (62.5) | 9 (42.9) | 0.16 |
Mean age(y), Mean ± SD | 15.2 ± 1.8 | 15.4 ± 1.6 | 15.0 ± 2.0 | 0.403 |
BMI, Mean ± SD | 22.6 ± 5.2 | 22.1 ± 5.2 | 23.4 ± 5.2 | 0.376 |
Type of onset*, n(%) | 47 (88.7) | 28 (87.5) | 19 (90.5) | 1 |
Mean delay between first symptom and diagnosis(SD), d | 7.0 ± 14.9 | 7.7 ± 16.6 | 5.8 ± 12.1 | 0.668 |
mRS 0–1 at admission, n(%) | 42(79.2) | 29(90.6) | 13(61.9) | 0.017 |
Deterioration during hospitalization, n(%) | 8 (15.1) | 2 (6.2) | 6 (28.6) | 0.047 |
mRS 0–1 at discharge, n(%) | 48 (90.6) | 32 (100) | 16 (76.2) | 0.007 |
CVST-associated conditions, n(%)
| 47 (88.7) | 27 (84.4) | 20 (95.2) | 0.384 |
Malignant hemopathy/cancer | 1 ( 1.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.8) | 0.396 |
Myeloproliferative neoplasms | 2 ( 3.8) | 1 (3.1) | 1 (4.8) | 1 |
PNH | 2 ( 3.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (9.5) | 0.152 |
Systemic disease | 12 (22.6) | 8 (25) | 4 (19) | 0.743 |
Thrombophilia | 24 (45.3) | 14 (43.8) | 10 (47.6) | 0.782 |
General cause of hypercoagulability | 16(30.2) | 10(31.2) | 6(28.6) | 0.835 |
Infection | 16 (30.2) | 10 (31.2) | 6 (28.6) | 0.835 |
Noninfectious local cause | 4 ( 7.5) | 2 (6.2) | 2 (9.5) | 1 |
CVST risk factors, n(%)
| 14 (27.5) | 5 (16.7) | 9 (42.9) | 0.039 |
Oral contraception | 1 ( 1.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.8) | 0.396 |
Obesity | 13 (25.5) | 5 (16.7) | 8 (38.1) | 0.084 |
Clinical presentation, n(%)
| ||||
Headache, ICP ↑† | 35 (67.3) | 19 (61.3) | 16 (76.2) | 0.261 |
Papilloedema | 33 (62.3) | 20 (62.5) | 13 (61.9) | 0.965 |
Visual disturbance | 9 (17.0) | 5 (15.6) | 4 (19) | 1 |
Seizure | 14 (26.4) | 5 (15.6) | 9 (42.9) | 0.028 |
Focal neurological deficits‡ | 12 (22.6) | 7 (21.9) | 5 (23.8) | 1 |
Encephalopathy§ | 11 (20.8) | 7 (21.9) | 4 (19) | 1 |
Clinical characteristics
Imaging characteristics
Total (n = 53) | Non-CVT (n = 32) | CVT (n = 21) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Imaging characteristics at admission, n(%)
| ||||
Edema | 11 (20.8) | 2 (6.2) | 9 (42.9) | 0.004 |
Venous infarction | 15 (28.3) | 6 (18.8) | 9 (42.9) | 0.057 |
Parenchymal hemorrhage | 14 (26.4) | 6 (18.8) | 8 (38.1) | 0.118 |
Mass effect, n(%)
| 0.015 | |||
Mild | 2 ( 3.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (9.5) | |
Severe | 2 ( 3.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (9.5) | |
Acute sites of thrombosis, n(%)
| ||||
Superior sagittal sinus | 36 (67.9) | 19 (59.4) | 17 (81) | 0.1 |
Right transverse sinus | 32 (60.4) | 22 (68.8) | 10 (47.6) | 0.124 |
Left transverse sinus | 24 (45.3) | 16 (50) | 8 (38.1) | 0.394 |
Right sigmoid sinus | 23 (43.4) | 15 (46.9) | 8 (38.1) | 0.528 |
Left sigmoid sinus | 14 (26.4) | 9 (28.1) | 5 (23.8) | 0.727 |
Right internal jugular vein | 15 (28.3) | 9 (28.1) | 6 (28.6) | 0.972 |
Left internal jugular vein | 10 (18.9) | 7 (21.9) | 3 (14.3) | 0.722 |
Straight sinus | 13 (24.5) | 11 (34.4) | 2 (9.5) | 0.04 |
Torcular herophili | 15 (28.3) | 8 (25) | 7 (33.3) | 0.51 |
Multiple lesions*, n(%)
| 24 (45.3) | 17 (53.1) | 7 (33.3) | 0.157 |
Initial imaging review days, (IQR) | 22.0 (13.0, 31.0) | 24.0 (13.8, 58.5) | 21.0 (12.0, 23.0) | 0.097 |
Initial recanalization, n(%) | 36/49(73.5) | 23/28(82.1) | 13/21(61.9) | 0.112 |