nach oben

International Journal of Public Health

Erschienen in:

13.02.2016 | Original Article

Country-level correlates of e-cigarette use in the European Union

verfasst von: Giuseppe La Torre, Daniele Mipatrini

Erschienen in: International Journal of Public Health | Ausgabe 2/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the prevalence of e-cigarette use and country-level factors across 28 European countries.

Methods

The study objectives were addressed in an ecological design in which both exposures and outcomes were measured at the country level. Data from the Eurobarometer Report, the Eurostat database and the WHO observatory were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed considering the rates of current and ever smokers of e-cigarettes as dependent variables, and socio-economic factors, health status and policies against tobacco as independent variables.

Results

Both the rate of current smokers and ever smokers of e-cigarette were positively associated to the offer of help to quit tobacco use (P < 0.01; P = 0.04) and to the raise of taxes on tobacco (P = 0.01; P = 0.01). The warn on dangers of tobacco negatively correlated with the rate of e-cigarette current smokers. The rate of current e-cigarette smokers correlated with the rate of current smokers and with national Gross Domestic Product, while the rate of ever e-cigarette smokers did not correlate with any socio-economic factor.

Conclusions

Our analysis suggests that both policy and non-policy factors are associated with the geographical variability seen in the prevalence of e-cigarette use. Policies against the consumption of conventional tobacco products may lead to an increase of e-cigarette smokers.

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Bader P, Boisclair D, Ferrence R (2011) Effects of tobacco taxation and pricing on smoking behavior in high risk populations: a knowledge synthesis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 8(11):4118–4139. doi:10.3390/ijerph8114118 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bala M, Strzeszynski L, Topor-Madry R, Cahill K (2013) Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6:CD004704. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004704.pub3 PubMed

Ben Taleb Z, Kenneth W, Asfar T, Bahelah R, Maziak W (2015) Predictors of adherence to pharmacological and behavioral treatment in a cessation trial among smokers in Aleppo, Syria. Drug Alcohol Depend. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.038 PubMed

Bhatnagar A, Whitsel LP, Ribisl KM, Bullen C, Chaloupka F, Piano MR, Robertson RM et al (2014) Electronic cigarettes: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 130(16):1418–1436. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000107 CrossRefPubMed

Brown J, West R, Beard E, Michie S, Shahab L, McNeill A (2014) Prevalence and characteristics of e-cigarette users in Great Britain: findings from a general population survey of smokers. Addict Behav 39(6):1120–1125. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.03.009 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bullen C, Howe C, Laugesen M, McRobbie H, Parag V, Williman J, Walker N (2013) Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England) 382(9905):1629–1637. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61842-5 CrossRef

Database—Eurostat (2015) http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database. Accessed 24 June 2015

European Commission (2015) Attitudes of Europeans towards tobacco and electronic cigarettes. Special Eurobarometer 429, European Union. doi:10.2875/728026

Famele M, Ferranti C, Abenavoli C, Palleschi L, Mancinelli R, Draisci R (2015) The chemical components of electronic cigarette cartridges and refill fluids: review of analytical methods. Nicotine Tob Res 17(3):271–279. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu197 CrossRefPubMed

Fong GT, Hammond D, Hitchman A (2013) WHO. The impact of pictures on the effectiveness of tobacco warnings. Bull World Health Organ. http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/87/8/09-069575/en/

Global Health Observatory Data Repository (2015) WHO. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.1241?lang=en. Accessed 24 June 2015

Grana R, Benowitz N, Glantz SA (2013) Background paper on e-cigarettes (electronic nicotine delivery systems). Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco eScholarship. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/13p2b72n

Gualano MR, Passi S, Bert F, La Torre G, Scaioli G, Siliquini R (2014) Electronic cigarettes: assessing the efficacy and the adverse effects through a systematic review of published studies. J Public Health (Oxf). doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdu055

Hammond D, Geoffrey TF, Borland F, Cummings KM, McNeill A, Driezen P (2013) Text and graphic warnings on cigarette packages: findings from the international tobacco control four country study. Am J Prev Med 32(3):202–209. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.11.011 CrossRef

Kadowaki J, Vuolo M, Kelly BC (2015) A review of the current geographic distribution of and debate surrounding electronic cigarette clean air regulations in the United States. Health Place 31:75–82. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.11.003 CrossRefPubMed

Kaplan A (2015a) Can electronic cigarettes assist patients with smoking cessation? Yes. Can Fam Phys 61(6):499–500

Kaplan A (2015b) Rebuttal: can electronic cigarettes assist patients with smoking cessation? Yes. Can Fam Phys 61(6):e255

Levitz S (2015a) Can electronic cigarettes assist patients with smoking cessation? No. Can Fam Phys 61(6):500–501

Levitz S (2015b) Rebuttal: can electronic cigarettes assist patients with smoking cessation? No. Can Fam Phys 61(6):e256

Mannocci A, Colamesta V, Mipatrini D, Boccia A, Terzano C, La Torre G (2013) How would plain packaging and pictorial warning impact on smoking reduction, cessation and initiation? Epidemiol Prev 37(6):400–405PubMed

Manzoli L, Flacco ME, Fiore M, La Vecchia C, Marzuillo C, Gualano MR, Liguori G et al (2015) Electronic cigarettes efficacy and safety at 12 months: cohort study. PLoS One 10(6):e0129443. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129443 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

McKee M (2014) Electronic cigarettes: proceed with great caution. Int J Public Health 59(5):683–685. doi:10.1007/s00038-014-0589-z CrossRefPubMed

McKee M, Capewell S (2015) Evidence about electronic cigarettes: a foundation built on rock or sand? BMJ 351:h4863. doi:10.1136/bmj.h4863 CrossRefPubMed

McKee M, Chapman S, Daube M, Glantz S (2014) The debate on electronic cigarettes. Lancet 384(9960):2107. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62366-7 CrossRefPubMed

Pokhrel P, Herzog TA, Muranaka N, Fagan P (2015) Young adult e-cigarette users’ reasons for liking and not liking e-cigarettes: a qualitative study. Psychol Health. doi:10.1080/08870446.2015.1061129 PubMed

Ramo DE, Young-Wolff KC, Prochaska JJ (2015) Prevalence and correlates of electronic-cigarette use in young adults: findings from three studies over five years. Addict Behav 4:142–147. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.019 CrossRef

Smith JE (2014) Electronic cigarettes: a safer alternative or potential poison? Home Healthc Nurse 32(9):532–535. doi:10.1097/NHH.0000000000000138 CrossRefPubMed

Vardavas CI, Filippidis FI, Agaku IT (2014) Determinants and prevalence of e-cigarette use throughout the European Union: a secondary analysis of 26566 youth and adults from 27 countries. Tob Contr. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051394

Titel: Country-level correlates of e-cigarette use in the European Union
verfasst von: Giuseppe La Torre
Daniele Mipatrini
Publikationsdatum: 13.02.2016
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: International Journal of Public Health / Ausgabe 2/2016
Print ISSN: 1661-8556
Elektronische ISSN: 1661-8564
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-016-0792-1

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2016

Electronic cigarette use in France in 2014

E-cigarette use among Serbian adults: prevalence and user characteristics

Dual use of electronic and tobacco cigarettes among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Poland

Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems and recent initiation of smoking among US youth

E-cigarettes: addressing gaps in knowledge

Use of electronic cigarettes and alternative tobacco products among Romanian adolescents