Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Immunologic Research 4/2016

30.01.2016 | Original Article

Curdlan blocks the immune suppression by myeloid-derived suppressor cells and reduces tumor burden

verfasst von: Ke Rui, Jie Tian, Xinyi Tang, Jie Ma, Ping Xu, Xinyu Tian, Yungang Wang, Huaxi Xu, Liwei Lu, Shengjun Wang

Erschienen in: Immunologic Research | Ausgabe 4/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Tumor-elicited immunosuppression is one of the essential mechanisms for tumor evasion of immune surveillance. It is widely thought to be one of the main reasons for the failure of tumor immunotherapy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of cells that play an important role in tumor-induced immunosuppression. These cells expand in tumor-bearing individuals and suppress T cell responses via various mechanisms. Curdlan, the linear (1 → 3)-β-glucan from Agrobacterium, has been applied in the food industry and other sectors. The anti-tumor property of curdlan has been recognized for a long time although the underlying mechanism still needs to be explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of curdlan on MDSCs and found that curdlan could promote MDSCs to differentiate into a more mature state and then significantly reduce the suppressive function of MDSCs, decrease the MDSCs in vivo and down-regulate the suppression in tumor-bearing mice, thus leading to enhanced anti-tumor immune responses. We, therefore, increase the understanding of further mechanisms by which curdlan achieves anti-tumor effects.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat McIntosh M, Stone BA, Stanisich VA. Curdlan and other bacterial (1 → 3)-β-d-glucans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2005;68(2):163–73.CrossRefPubMed McIntosh M, Stone BA, Stanisich VA. Curdlan and other bacterial (1 → 3)-β-d-glucans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2005;68(2):163–73.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Laroche C, Michaud P. New developments and prospective applications for β (1,3) glucans. Recent Patient Biotechnol. 2007;1(1):59–73.CrossRef Laroche C, Michaud P. New developments and prospective applications for β (1,3) glucans. Recent Patient Biotechnol. 2007;1(1):59–73.CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bohn JA, BeMiller JN. (1 → 3)-β-d-Glucans as biological response modifiers: a review of structure-functional activity relationships. Carbohyd Polym. 1995;28(1):3–14.CrossRef Bohn JA, BeMiller JN. (1 → 3)-β-d-Glucans as biological response modifiers: a review of structure-functional activity relationships. Carbohyd Polym. 1995;28(1):3–14.CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Herre J, Gordon S, Brown GD. Dectin-1 and its role in the recognition of β-glucans by macrophages. Mol Immunol. 2004;40(12):869–76.CrossRefPubMed Herre J, Gordon S, Brown GD. Dectin-1 and its role in the recognition of β-glucans by macrophages. Mol Immunol. 2004;40(12):869–76.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Taylor PR, Brown GD, Reid DM, Willment JA, Martinez-Pomares L, Gordon S, et al. The β-glucan receptor, dectin-1, is predominantly expressed on the surface of cells of the monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil lineages. J Immunol. 2002;169(7):3876–82.CrossRefPubMed Taylor PR, Brown GD, Reid DM, Willment JA, Martinez-Pomares L, Gordon S, et al. The β-glucan receptor, dectin-1, is predominantly expressed on the surface of cells of the monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil lineages. J Immunol. 2002;169(7):3876–82.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Guo C, Wong KH, Cheung PC. Hot water extract of the sclerotium of Polyporus rhinocerus Cooke enhances the immune functions of murine macrophages. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2011;13(3):237–44.CrossRefPubMed Guo C, Wong KH, Cheung PC. Hot water extract of the sclerotium of Polyporus rhinocerus Cooke enhances the immune functions of murine macrophages. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2011;13(3):237–44.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Batbayar S, Kim MJ, Kim HW. Medicinal mushroom Lingzhi or Reishi, Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst., beta-glucan induces Toll-like receptors and fails to induce inflammatory cytokines in NF-kappaB inhibitor-treated macrophages. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2011;13(3):213–25.CrossRefPubMed Batbayar S, Kim MJ, Kim HW. Medicinal mushroom Lingzhi or Reishi, Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst., beta-glucan induces Toll-like receptors and fails to induce inflammatory cytokines in NF-kappaB inhibitor-treated macrophages. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2011;13(3):213–25.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen J, Gu W, Zhao K. The role of PI3K/Akt pathway in β-glucan-induced dendritic cell maturation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2011;11(4):529.CrossRefPubMed Chen J, Gu W, Zhao K. The role of PI3K/Akt pathway in β-glucan-induced dendritic cell maturation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2011;11(4):529.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Gringhuis SI, den Dunnen J, Litjens M, van der Vlist M, Wevers B, Bruijns SCM, et al. Dectin-1 directs T helper cell differentiation by controlling noncanonical NF-κB activation through Raf-1 and Syk. Nat Immunol. 2009;10(2):203–13.CrossRefPubMed Gringhuis SI, den Dunnen J, Litjens M, van der Vlist M, Wevers B, Bruijns SCM, et al. Dectin-1 directs T helper cell differentiation by controlling noncanonical NF-κB activation through Raf-1 and Syk. Nat Immunol. 2009;10(2):203–13.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu S, Huo J, Gunawan M, Su IH, Lam KP. Activated dectin-1 localizes to lipid raft microdomains for signaling and activation of phagocytosis and cytokine production in dendritic cells. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(33):22005–11.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Xu S, Huo J, Gunawan M, Su IH, Lam KP. Activated dectin-1 localizes to lipid raft microdomains for signaling and activation of phagocytosis and cytokine production in dendritic cells. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(33):22005–11.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Kodama N, Mizuno S, Nanba H, Saito N. Potential antitumor activity of a low-molecular-weight protein fraction from Grifola frondosa through enhancement of cytokine production. J Med Food. 2010;13(1):20–30.CrossRefPubMed Kodama N, Mizuno S, Nanba H, Saito N. Potential antitumor activity of a low-molecular-weight protein fraction from Grifola frondosa through enhancement of cytokine production. J Med Food. 2010;13(1):20–30.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim SP, Kang MY, Kim JH, Nam SH, Friedman M. Composition and mechanism of antitumor effects of Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts in tumor-bearing mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2011;59(18):9861–9.CrossRefPubMed Kim SP, Kang MY, Kim JH, Nam SH, Friedman M. Composition and mechanism of antitumor effects of Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts in tumor-bearing mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2011;59(18):9861–9.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Mushiake H, Tsunoda T, Nukatsuka M, Shimao K, Fukushima M, Tahara H. Dendritic cells might be one of key factors for eliciting antitumor effect by chemoimmunotherapy in vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2005;54(2):120–8.CrossRefPubMed Mushiake H, Tsunoda T, Nukatsuka M, Shimao K, Fukushima M, Tahara H. Dendritic cells might be one of key factors for eliciting antitumor effect by chemoimmunotherapy in vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2005;54(2):120–8.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen J, Zhang XD, Jiang Z. The application of fungal β-glucans for the treatment of colon cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2013;13(5):725–30.CrossRefPubMed Chen J, Zhang XD, Jiang Z. The application of fungal β-glucans for the treatment of colon cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2013;13(5):725–30.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Harnack U, Eckert K, Fichtner I, Pecher G. Oral administration of a soluble 1-3, 1-6 β-glucan during prophylactic survivin peptide vaccination diminishes growth of a B cell lymphoma in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009;9(11):1298–303.CrossRefPubMed Harnack U, Eckert K, Fichtner I, Pecher G. Oral administration of a soluble 1-3, 1-6 β-glucan during prophylactic survivin peptide vaccination diminishes growth of a B cell lymphoma in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009;9(11):1298–303.CrossRefPubMed
18.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kusmartsev S, Gabrilovich DI. Role of immature myeloid cells in mechanisms of immune evasion in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2006;55(3):237–45.CrossRefPubMed Kusmartsev S, Gabrilovich DI. Role of immature myeloid cells in mechanisms of immune evasion in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2006;55(3):237–45.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Rabinovich GA, Gabrilovich D, Sotomayor EM. Immunosuppressive strategies that are mediated by tumor cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2007;25(1):267–96.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rabinovich GA, Gabrilovich D, Sotomayor EM. Immunosuppressive strategies that are mediated by tumor cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2007;25(1):267–96.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Talmadge JE. Pathways mediating the expansion and immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their relevance to cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(18):5243–8.CrossRefPubMed Talmadge JE. Pathways mediating the expansion and immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their relevance to cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(18):5243–8.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Almand B, Clark JI, Nikitina E, van Beynen J, English NR, Knight SC, et al. Increased production of immature myeloid cells in cancer patients: a mechanism of immunosuppression in cancer. J Immunol. 2001;166(1):678–89.CrossRefPubMed Almand B, Clark JI, Nikitina E, van Beynen J, English NR, Knight SC, et al. Increased production of immature myeloid cells in cancer patients: a mechanism of immunosuppression in cancer. J Immunol. 2001;166(1):678–89.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Diaz-Montero CM, Salem M, Nishimura M, Garrett-Mayer E, Cole D, Montero A. Increased circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells correlate with clinical cancer stage, metastatic tumor burden, and doxorubicin–cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2009;58(1):49–59.CrossRefPubMed Diaz-Montero CM, Salem M, Nishimura M, Garrett-Mayer E, Cole D, Montero A. Increased circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells correlate with clinical cancer stage, metastatic tumor burden, and doxorubicin–cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2009;58(1):49–59.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Bronte V, Zanovello P. Regulation of immune responses by l-arginine metabolism. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5(8):641–54.CrossRefPubMed Bronte V, Zanovello P. Regulation of immune responses by l-arginine metabolism. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5(8):641–54.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang B, Pan P-Y, Li Q, Sato AI, Levy DE, Bromberg J, et al. Gr-1+CD115+ immature myeloid suppressor cells mediate the development of tumor-induced T regulatory cells and T-cell anergy in tumor-bearing host. Cancer Res. 2006;66(2):1123–31.CrossRefPubMed Huang B, Pan P-Y, Li Q, Sato AI, Levy DE, Bromberg J, et al. Gr-1+CD115+ immature myeloid suppressor cells mediate the development of tumor-induced T regulatory cells and T-cell anergy in tumor-bearing host. Cancer Res. 2006;66(2):1123–31.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu C, Yu S, Kappes J, Wang J, Grizzle WE, Zinn KR, et al. Expansion of spleen myeloid suppressor cells represses NK cell cytotoxicity in tumor-bearing host. Blood. 2007;109(10):4336–42.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Liu C, Yu S, Kappes J, Wang J, Grizzle WE, Zinn KR, et al. Expansion of spleen myeloid suppressor cells represses NK cell cytotoxicity in tumor-bearing host. Blood. 2007;109(10):4336–42.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Tian J, Ma J, Ma K, Guo H, Baidoo SE, Zhang Y, et al. β-Glucan enhances antitumor immune responses by regulating differentiation and function of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Eur J Immunol. 2013;43(5):1220–30.CrossRefPubMed Tian J, Ma J, Ma K, Guo H, Baidoo SE, Zhang Y, et al. β-Glucan enhances antitumor immune responses by regulating differentiation and function of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Eur J Immunol. 2013;43(5):1220–30.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Tian J, Rui K, Tang X, Ma J, Wang Y, Tian X, et al. microRNA-9 regulates the differentiation and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells via targeting runx1. J Immunol. 2015;195(3):1301–11.CrossRefPubMed Tian J, Rui K, Tang X, Ma J, Wang Y, Tian X, et al. microRNA-9 regulates the differentiation and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells via targeting runx1. J Immunol. 2015;195(3):1301–11.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen J, Tian J, Tang X, Rui K, Ma J, Mao C, et al. MiR-346 regulates CD4+ CXCR5+ T cells in the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease. Endocrine. 2015;49(3):752–60.CrossRefPubMed Chen J, Tian J, Tang X, Rui K, Ma J, Mao C, et al. MiR-346 regulates CD4+ CXCR5+ T cells in the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease. Endocrine. 2015;49(3):752–60.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Beyer M, Kochanek M, Darabi K, Popov A, Jensen M, Endl E, et al. Reduced frequencies and suppressive function of CD4+ CD25hi regulatory T cells in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia after therapy with fludarabine. Blood. 2005;106(6):2018–25.CrossRefPubMed Beyer M, Kochanek M, Darabi K, Popov A, Jensen M, Endl E, et al. Reduced frequencies and suppressive function of CD4+ CD25hi regulatory T cells in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia after therapy with fludarabine. Blood. 2005;106(6):2018–25.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang L-Y, Lin Y-C, Chiang J-M, Mahalingam J, Su S-H, Huang C-T, et al. Blockade of TNF-α signaling benefits cancer therapy by suppressing effector regulatory T cell expansion. Oncoimmunology. 2015;4(10):e1040215.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chang L-Y, Lin Y-C, Chiang J-M, Mahalingam J, Su S-H, Huang C-T, et al. Blockade of TNF-α signaling benefits cancer therapy by suppressing effector regulatory T cell expansion. Oncoimmunology. 2015;4(10):e1040215.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Yu G-T, Bu L-L, Huang C-F, Zhang W-F, Chen W-J, Gutkind JS, et al. PD-1 blockade attenuates immunosuppressive myeloid cells due to inhibition of CD47/SIRPα axis in HPV negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2015;6(39):42067–80.PubMedPubMedCentral Yu G-T, Bu L-L, Huang C-F, Zhang W-F, Chen W-J, Gutkind JS, et al. PD-1 blockade attenuates immunosuppressive myeloid cells due to inhibition of CD47/SIRPα axis in HPV negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2015;6(39):42067–80.PubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Akramiene D, Kondrotas A, Didziapetriene J, Kevelaitis E. Effects of β-glucans on the immune system. Medicina (Kaunas). 2007;43(8):597–606. Akramiene D, Kondrotas A, Didziapetriene J, Kevelaitis E. Effects of β-glucans on the immune system. Medicina (Kaunas). 2007;43(8):597–606.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Chihara G, Hamuro J, Maeda YY, Arai Y, Fukuoka F. Fractionation and purification of the polysaccharides with marked antitumor activity, especially lentinan, from Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. (an Edible Mushroom). Cancer Res. 1970;30(11):2776–81.PubMed Chihara G, Hamuro J, Maeda YY, Arai Y, Fukuoka F. Fractionation and purification of the polysaccharides with marked antitumor activity, especially lentinan, from Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. (an Edible Mushroom). Cancer Res. 1970;30(11):2776–81.PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamamoto T, Yamashita T, Tsubura E. Inhibition of pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma by a glucan, Schizophyllan. Invasion Metastasis. 1981;1(1):71–84.PubMed Yamamoto T, Yamashita T, Tsubura E. Inhibition of pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma by a glucan, Schizophyllan. Invasion Metastasis. 1981;1(1):71–84.PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhan X-B, Lin C-C, Zhang H-T. Recent advances in curdlan biosynthesis, biotechnological production, and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012;93(2):525–31.CrossRefPubMed Zhan X-B, Lin C-C, Zhang H-T. Recent advances in curdlan biosynthesis, biotechnological production, and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012;93(2):525–31.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Ding J, Feng T, Ning Y, Li W, Wu Q, Qian K, et al. β-Glucan enhances cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses by activation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells via the PI3 K/AKT pathway. Hum Immunol. 2015;76(2–3):146–54.CrossRefPubMed Ding J, Feng T, Ning Y, Li W, Wu Q, Qian K, et al. β-Glucan enhances cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses by activation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells via the PI3 K/AKT pathway. Hum Immunol. 2015;76(2–3):146–54.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Leibundgut-Landmann S, Osorio F, Brown GD. Reis e Sousa C. Stimulation of dendritic cells via the dectin-1/Syk pathway allows priming of cytotoxic T-cell responses. Blood. 2008;112(13):4971–80.CrossRefPubMed Leibundgut-Landmann S, Osorio F, Brown GD. Reis e Sousa C. Stimulation of dendritic cells via the dectin-1/Syk pathway allows priming of cytotoxic T-cell responses. Blood. 2008;112(13):4971–80.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu TC, Xu K, Banchereau R, Marches F, Yu CI, Martinek J, et al. Reprogramming tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells for CD103+ CD8+ mucosal T-cell differentiation and breast cancer rejection. Cancer Immunol Res. 2014;2(5):487–500.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wu TC, Xu K, Banchereau R, Marches F, Yu CI, Martinek J, et al. Reprogramming tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells for CD103+ CD8+ mucosal T-cell differentiation and breast cancer rejection. Cancer Immunol Res. 2014;2(5):487–500.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Min L, Isa SA, Fam WN, Sze SK, Beretta O, Mortellaro A, et al. Synergism between curdlan and GM-CSF confers a strong inflammatory signature to dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2012;188(4):1789–98.CrossRefPubMed Min L, Isa SA, Fam WN, Sze SK, Beretta O, Mortellaro A, et al. Synergism between curdlan and GM-CSF confers a strong inflammatory signature to dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2012;188(4):1789–98.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Chiba S, Ikushima H, Ueki H, Yanai H, Kimura Y, Hangai S, et al. Recognition of tumor cells by dectin-1 orchestrates innate immune cells for anti-tumor responses. Elife. 2014;3:e04177.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chiba S, Ikushima H, Ueki H, Yanai H, Kimura Y, Hangai S, et al. Recognition of tumor cells by dectin-1 orchestrates innate immune cells for anti-tumor responses. Elife. 2014;3:e04177.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Kerrigan AM, Brown GD. Syk-coupled C-type lectin receptors that mediate cellular activation via single tyrosine based activation motifs. Immunol Rev. 2010;234(1):335–52.CrossRefPubMed Kerrigan AM, Brown GD. Syk-coupled C-type lectin receptors that mediate cellular activation via single tyrosine based activation motifs. Immunol Rev. 2010;234(1):335–52.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu S, Huo J, Lee KG, Kurosaki T, Lam KP. Phospholipase cgamma2 is critical for dectin-1-mediated Ca2+ flux and cytokine production in dendritic cells. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(11):7038–46.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Xu S, Huo J, Lee KG, Kurosaki T, Lam KP. Phospholipase cgamma2 is critical for dectin-1-mediated Ca2+ flux and cytokine production in dendritic cells. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(11):7038–46.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Gringhuis SI, Kaptein TM, Wevers BA, Theelen B, van der Vlist M, Boekhout T, et al. Dectin-1 is an extracellular pathogen sensor for the induction and processing of IL-1β via a noncanonical caspase-8 inflammasome. Nat Immunol. 2012;13(3):246–54.CrossRefPubMed Gringhuis SI, Kaptein TM, Wevers BA, Theelen B, van der Vlist M, Boekhout T, et al. Dectin-1 is an extracellular pathogen sensor for the induction and processing of IL-1β via a noncanonical caspase-8 inflammasome. Nat Immunol. 2012;13(3):246–54.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat LeibundGut-Landmann S, Grosz O, Robinson MJ, Osorio F, Slack EC, Tsoni SV, et al. Syk- and CARD9-dependent coupling of innate immunity to the induction of T helper cells that produce interleukin 17. Nat Immunol. 2007;8(6):630–8.CrossRefPubMed LeibundGut-Landmann S, Grosz O, Robinson MJ, Osorio F, Slack EC, Tsoni SV, et al. Syk- and CARD9-dependent coupling of innate immunity to the induction of T helper cells that produce interleukin 17. Nat Immunol. 2007;8(6):630–8.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Langrish CL, Chen Y, Blumenschein WM, Mattson J, Basham B, Sedgwick JD, et al. IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation. J Exp Med. 2005;201(2):233–40.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Langrish CL, Chen Y, Blumenschein WM, Mattson J, Basham B, Sedgwick JD, et al. IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation. J Exp Med. 2005;201(2):233–40.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Hofstetter HH, Toyka KV, Tary-Lehmann M, Lehmann PV. Kinetics and organ distribution of IL-17-producing CD4 cells in proteolipid protein 139–151 peptide-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis of SJL Mice. J Immunol. 2007;178(3):1372–8.CrossRefPubMed Hofstetter HH, Toyka KV, Tary-Lehmann M, Lehmann PV. Kinetics and organ distribution of IL-17-producing CD4 cells in proteolipid protein 139–151 peptide-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis of SJL Mice. J Immunol. 2007;178(3):1372–8.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Masuda Y, Inoue M, Miyata A, Mizuno S, Nanba H. Maitake β-glucan enhances therapeutic effect and reduces myelosupression and nephrotoxicity of cisplatin in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009;9(5):620–6.CrossRefPubMed Masuda Y, Inoue M, Miyata A, Mizuno S, Nanba H. Maitake β-glucan enhances therapeutic effect and reduces myelosupression and nephrotoxicity of cisplatin in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009;9(5):620–6.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Qi C, Cai Y, Gunn L, Ding C, Li B, Kloecker G, et al. Differential pathways regulating innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses by particulate and soluble yeast-derived β-glucans. Blood. 2011;117(25):6825–36.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Qi C, Cai Y, Gunn L, Ding C, Li B, Kloecker G, et al. Differential pathways regulating innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses by particulate and soluble yeast-derived β-glucans. Blood. 2011;117(25):6825–36.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadaten
Titel
Curdlan blocks the immune suppression by myeloid-derived suppressor cells and reduces tumor burden
verfasst von
Ke Rui
Jie Tian
Xinyi Tang
Jie Ma
Ping Xu
Xinyu Tian
Yungang Wang
Huaxi Xu
Liwei Lu
Shengjun Wang
Publikationsdatum
30.01.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Immunologic Research / Ausgabe 4/2016
Print ISSN: 0257-277X
Elektronische ISSN: 1559-0755
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-016-8789-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2016

Immunologic Research 4/2016 Zur Ausgabe

„Übersichtlicher Wegweiser“: Lauterbachs umstrittener Klinik-Atlas ist online

17.05.2024 Klinik aktuell Nachrichten

Sie sei „ethisch geboten“, meint Gesundheitsminister Karl Lauterbach: mehr Transparenz über die Qualität von Klinikbehandlungen. Um sie abzubilden, lässt er gegen den Widerstand vieler Länder einen virtuellen Klinik-Atlas freischalten.

Betalaktam-Allergie: praxisnahes Vorgehen beim Delabeling

16.05.2024 Pädiatrische Allergologie Nachrichten

Die große Mehrheit der vermeintlichen Penicillinallergien sind keine. Da das „Etikett“ Betalaktam-Allergie oft schon in der Kindheit erworben wird, kann ein frühzeitiges Delabeling lebenslange Vorteile bringen. Ein Team von Pädiaterinnen und Pädiatern aus Kanada stellt vor, wie sie dabei vorgehen.

Klinikreform soll zehntausende Menschenleben retten

15.05.2024 Klinik aktuell Nachrichten

Gesundheitsminister Lauterbach hat die vom Bundeskabinett beschlossene Klinikreform verteidigt. Kritik an den Plänen kommt vom Marburger Bund. Und in den Ländern wird über den Gang zum Vermittlungsausschuss spekuliert.

Eingreifen von Umstehenden rettet vor Erstickungstod

15.05.2024 Fremdkörperaspiration Nachrichten

Wer sich an einem Essensrest verschluckt und um Luft ringt, benötigt vor allem rasche Hilfe. Dass Umstehende nur in jedem zweiten Erstickungsnotfall bereit waren, diese zu leisten, ist das ernüchternde Ergebnis einer Beobachtungsstudie aus Japan. Doch es gibt auch eine gute Nachricht.

Update HNO

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert – ganz bequem per eMail.