Immunologic Research

To compare human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) and etanercept as immunomodulatory agents for collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA was induced by rats’ immunization with collagen type II (CII) in complete Freund’s adjuvant in …

Blocking antibodies targeting immune checkpoint molecules achieved invaluable success in tumor therapy and amazing clinical responses in a variety of cancers. Although common treatment protocols have improved overall survival in patients with …

Limited protective effects of commercially available vaccines necessitate the development of novel pneumococcal vaccines. We recently reported a pneumococcal systemic vaccine containing two proteins, Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA of family …

Phototoxic reaction is a known feature of EPP at least in part triggered by the oxidative status, complement system activation, and mast cell response. The aim of this study was to verify some aspects involved in phototoxic reaction during a …

Utilizing rheumatoid peptides as previously described [ 2 ], we performed an analysis of autoreactive T cells. To determine T cell activation, we used flow cytometry to measure the expression of activity markers HLA-DR and CD25 on CD4+ and CD8+ T …