Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
World Journal of Pediatrics
Erschienen in: World Journal of Pediatrics 2/2019

16.11.2018 | Review Article

Current perspectives on the correlation of nocturnal enuresis with obstructive sleep apnea in children

verfasst von: Miao-Shang Su, Li Xu, Wen-Feng Pan, Chang-Chong Li

Erschienen in: World Journal of Pediatrics | Ausgabe 2/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) are common clinical problems in children. OSA and NE are thought to be interrelated, but the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet clear. This review aims to explain the possible pathogenesis of NE in children with OSA.

Date sources

We have retrieved all relevant original articles from Database that have been published so far, including the prevalence studies of NE and OSA in children, sleep characteristic studies that use polysomnography (PSG) to focus on children with NE, and studies on the relationship between OSA and NE.

Results

Clinical studies have revealed that the risk of NE in children with OSA was increased compared with that of their healthy peers. This increased risk may be associated with sleep disorders, bladder instability, detrusor overactivity, nocturnal polyuria, endocrine and metabolic disorders, and inflammation.

Conclusions

Cardiopulmonary and renal reflex-induced neuroendocrine disorder may play an important role in the mechanism of NE in children with OSA, but this remains to be confirmed by animal studies. Other causes such as oxidative stress and inflammatory responses need to be further researched.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Nevéus T, Von Gontard A, Hoebeke P, Hjälmås K, Bauer S, Bower W, et al. The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: report from the standardisation committee of the international children’s continence society. J Urol. 2006;176:314–24.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Nørgaard JP, Van Gool JD, Hjälmås K, Djurhuus JC, Hellström AL. Standardization and definitions in lower urinary tract dysfunction in children. International children’s continence society. Br J Urol. 1998;81:1–16.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Van Gool JD, Nieuwenhuis E, Ten Doeschate IO, Messer TP, De Jong TP. Subtypes in monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. II. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 1999;202:8–11.PubMed
4.
Thiedke CC. Nocturnal enuresis. Am Fam Physician. 2003;67:1499–506.PubMed
5.
Der Spee-van JW, Hirasing RA, Meulmeester JF, Radder JJ. Childhood nocturnal enuresis in The Netherlands. Urology. 1998;51:1022–6.CrossRef
6.
Chiozza ML, Bernardinelli L, Caione P, Del Gado R, Ferrara P, Giorgi PL, et al. An Italian epidemiological multicentre study of nocturnal enuresis. Br J Urol. 1998;81(Suppl 3):86–9.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Cher TW, Lin GJ, Hsu KH. Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and associated familial factors in primary school children in Taiwan. J Urol. 2002;168:1142–6.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Kanaheswari Y. Epidemiology of childhood nocturnal enuresis in Malaysia. J Paediatr Child Health. 2003;39:118–23.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Gür E, Turhan P, Can G, Akkus S, Sever L, Güzelöz S, et al. Enuresis: prevalence, risk factors and urinary pathology among school children in Istanbul. Turkey. Pediatr Int. 2004;46:58–63.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Ozkan KU, Garipardic M, Toktamis A, Karabiber H, Sahinkanat T. Enuresis prevalence and accompanying factors in schoolchildren: a questionnaire study from southeast Anatolia. Urol Int. 2004;73:149–55.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Wen JG, Wang QW, Chen Y, Wen JJ, Liu K. An epidemiological study of primary nocturnal enuresis in Chinese children and adolescents. Eur Urol. 2006;49:1107–13.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Kajiwara M, Inoue K, Mutaguchi K, Usui T. The prevalence of overactive bladder and nocturnal enuresis in Japanese early adolescents: a questionnaire survey. Hinyokika Kiyo. 2006;52:107–11.PubMed
13.
Su MS, Li AM, So HK, Au CT, Ho C, Wing YK. Nocturnal enuresis in children: prevalence, correlates, and relationship with obstructive sleep apnea. J Pediatr. 2011;159:238–42.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Doganer YC, Aydogan U, Ongel K, Sari O, Koc B, Saglam K. The prevalence and sociodemographic risk factors of enuresis nocturna among elementary school-age children. J Family Med Prim Care. 2015;4:39–44.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Sarici H, Telli O, Ozgur BC, Demirbas A, Ozgur S, Karagoz MA. Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and its influence on quality of life in school-aged children. J Pediatr Urol. 2016;12:e1–6.CrossRef
16.
Washington DC. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DMS-IV). American Psychiatric Association; 1994.p.108-10.
17.
Gümüş B, Vurgun N, Lekili M, Işcan A, Müezzinoğlu T, Büyuksu C. Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and accompanying factors in children aged 7–11 years in Turkey. Acta Paediatr. 1999;88:1369–72.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Hansakunachai T, Ruangdaraganon N, Udomsubpayakul U, Sombuntham T, Kotchabhakdi N. Epidemiology of enuresis among school-age children in Thailand. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2005;26:356–60.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Dolgun G, Savaser S, Balci S, Yazici S. Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and related factors in children aged 5-13 in istanbul. Iran J Pediatr. 2012;22:205–12.PubMedPubMedCentral
20.
Srivastava S, Srivastava KL, Shingla S. Prevalence of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and its correlates in school going children of Lucknow. Indian J Pediatr. 2013;80:488–91.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Bakhtiar K, Pournia Y, Ebrahimzadeh F, Farhadi A, Shafizadeh F, Hosseinabadi R. Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and its associated factors in primary school and preschool children of Khorramabad in 2013. Int J Pediatr. 2014.
22.
Ma J, Li S, Jiang F, Jin X, Shen X, Li F. Co-sleeping and childhood enuresis in China. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2014;35:44–9.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Choudhary B, Patil R, Bhatt GC, Pakhare AP, Goyal A, Aswin P, et al. Association of sleep disordered breathing with mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a study among school children of Central India. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0155808.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Bower WF, Moore KH, Shepherd RB, Adams RD. The epidemiology of childhood enuresis in Australia. Br J Urol. 1996;78:602–6.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Kalo BB, Bella H. Enuresis: prevalence and associated factors among primary school children in Saudi Arabia. Acta Paediatr. 1996;85:1217–22.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Serel TA, Akhan G, Koyuncuoğlu HR, Oztürk A, Doğruer K, Unal S, et al. Epidemiology of enuresis in Turkish children. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1997;31:537–9.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Osungbade KO, Oshiname FO. Prevalence and perception of nocturnal enuresis in children of a rural community in southwestern Nigeria. Trop Doct. 2003;33:234–6.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Butler RJ, Golding J, Northstone K, ALSPAC Study Team. Nocturnal enuresis at 7.5 years old: prevalence and analysis of clinical signs. BJU Int. 2005;96:404–10.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Carman KB, Ceran O, Kaya C, Nuhoglu C, Karaman MI. Nocturnal Enuresis in Turkey: prevalence and accompanying factors in different socioeconomic environments. Urol Int. 2008;80:362–6.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Yousef KA, Basaleem HO, Bin Yahiya MT. Epidemiology of nocturnal enuresis in basic schoolchildren in Aden Governorate. Yemen. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2011;22:167–73.PubMed
31.
Yazici CM, Nalbantoglu B, Topcu B, Dogan C. Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and associated factors in schoolchildren in Western Turkey. Can J Urol. 2012;19:6383–8.PubMed
32.
Fockema MW, Candy GP, Kruger D, Haffejee M. Enuresis in South African children: prevalence, associated factors and parental perception of treatment. BJU Int. 2012;110:E1114–20.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Penbegül N, Çelik H, Palancı Y, Yıldırım K, Atar M, Hatipoğlu NK, et al. Prevalence of enuresis nocturna among a group of primary school children living in Diyarbakır. Turk J Urol. 2013;39:101–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Aljefri HM, Basurreh OA, Yunus F, Bawazir AA. Nocturnal enuresis among primary school children. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2013;24:1233–41.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Merhi BA, Hammoud A, Ziade F, Kamel R, Rajab M. Mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis in Lebanese children: prevalence, relation with obesity, and psychological effect. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2014;8:5–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Mota DM, Barros AJ, Matijasevich A, Santos IS. Prevalence of enuresis and urinary symptoms at age 7 years in the 2004 birth cohort from Pelotas, Brazil. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015;91:52–8.CrossRef
37.
Hamed A, Yousf F, Hussein MM. Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and related risk factors in school-age children in Egypt: an epidemiological study. World J Urol. 2017;35:459–65.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Foxman B, Valdez RB, Brook RH. Childhood enuresis: prevalence, perceived impact, and prescribed treatments. Pediatrics. 1986;77:482–7.PubMed
39.
Hellström AL, Hanson E, Hansson S, Hjälmås K, Jodal U. Micturition habits and incontinence in 7-year-old Swedish school entrants. Eur J Pediatr. 1990;149:434–75.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Byrd RS, Weitzman M, Lanphear NE, Auinger P. Bed-wetting in US children: epidemiology and related behavior problems. Pediatrics. 1996;98:414–9.PubMed
41.
Lee SD, Sohn DW, Lee JZ, Park NC, Chung MK. An epidemiological study of enuresis in Korean children. BJU Int. 2000;85:869–73.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Chang P, Chen WJ, Tsai WY, Chiu YN. An epidemiological study of nocturnal enuresis in Taiwanese children. BJU Int. 2001;87:678–81.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Ng DK, Kwok KL, Cheung JM, Leung SY, Chow PY, Wong WH, et al. Prevalence of sleep problems in Hong Kong primary school children: a community-based telephone survey. Chest. 2005;128:1315–23.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Yeung CK, Sreedhar B, Sihoe JD, Sit FK, Lau J. Differences in characteristics of nocturnal enuresis between children and adolescents: a critical appraisal from a large epidemiological study. BJU Int. 2006;97:1069–73.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Karničnik K, Koren A, Kos N, Marčun Varda N. Prevalence and quality of life of slovenian children with primary nocturnal enuresis. Int J Nephrol. 2012.
46.
Kanata S, Koike S, Ando S, Nishida A, Usami S, Yamasaki S, et al. Enuresis and hyperactivity-inattention in early adolescence: findings from a population-based survey in Tokyo (Tokyo early adolescence survey). PLoS One. 2016;11:e0158786.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
47.
Kuwertz-Bröking E, von Gontard A. Clinical management of nocturnal enuresis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2018;33:1145–54.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Mokhlesi B, Adam CS. Diagnostic testing for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. JAMA. 2017;318:2035–6.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Marcus CL, Brooks LJ, Draper KA, Gozal D, Halbower AC, Jones J, et al. Diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pediatrics. 2012;130:576–84.CrossRefPubMed
50.
American Thoracic Society. Standards and indications for cardiopulmonary sleep studies in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;153:866–78.CrossRef
51.
Au CT, Li AM. Obstructive sleep breathing disorders. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009;56:243–59.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Xu Z, Cheuk DK, Lee SL. Clinical evaluation in predicting childhood obstructive sleep apnea. Chest. 2006;130:1765–71.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Weissbach A, Leiberman A, Tarasiuk A, Goldbart A, Tal A. Adenotonsillectomy improves enuresis in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;70:1351–6.CrossRefPubMed
54.
Sans Capdevila O, Crabtree VM, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Gozal D. Increased morning brain natriuretic peptide levels in children with nocturnal enuresis and sleep-disordered breathing: a community-based study. Pediatrics. 2008;121:e1208–14.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Sakellaropoulou AV, Hatzistilianou MN, Emporiadou MN, Aivazis VT, Goudakos J, Markou K, et al. Association between primary nocturnal enuresis and habitual snoring in children with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome. Arch Med Sci. 2012;8:521–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
56.
El-Mitwalli A, Bediwy AS, Zaher AA, Belal T, Saleh AB. Sleep apnea in children with refractory monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. Nat Sci Sleep. 2014;6:37–42.PubMedPubMedCentral
57.
Alexopoulos EI, Malakasioti G, Varlami V, Miligkos M, Gourgoulianis K, Kaditis AG. Nocturnal enuresis is associated with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea in children with snoring. Pediatr Res. 2014;76:555–9.CrossRefPubMed
58.
Smedje H, Broman JE, Hetta J. Parents’ reports of disturbed sleep in 5-7-year-old Swedish children. Acta Paediatr. 1999;88:858–65.CrossRefPubMed
59.
Alexopoulos EI, Kostadima E, Pagonari I, Zintzaras E, Gourgoulianis K, Kaditis AG. Association between primary nocturnal enuresis and habitual snoring in children. Urology. 2006;68:406–9.CrossRefPubMed
60.
Esposito M, Gallai B, Parisi L, Roccella M, Marotta R, Lavano SM, et al. Primary nocturnal enuresis as a risk factor for sleep disorders: an observational questionnaire-based multicenter study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2013;9:437–43.PubMedPubMedCentral
61.
Mindell JA, Owens JA. Sleep problems in pediatric practice: clinical issues for the pediatric nurse practitioner. J Pediatr Health Care. 2003;17:324–31.PubMed
62.
63.
64.
Vijaya G, Digesu GA, Derpapas A, Panayi DC, Fernando R, Khullar V. Changes in detrusor muscle oxygenation during detrusor overactivity contractions. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012;163:104–7.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Basha S, Bialowas C, Ende K, Szeremeta W. Effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy in the resolution of nocturnal enuresis secondary to obstructive sleep apnea. Laryngoscope. 2005;115:1101–3.CrossRefPubMed
66.
Barone JG, Hanson C, DaJusta DG, Gioia K, England SJ, Schneider D. Nocturnal enuresis and overweight are associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Pediatrics. 2009;124:e53–9.CrossRefPubMed
67.
Carotenuto M, Esposito M, Pascotto A. Facial patterns and primary nocturnal enuresis in children. Sleep Breath. 2011;15:221–7.CrossRefPubMed
68.
Fisher BE, McGuire K. Do diagnostic patterns exist in the sleep behaviors of normal children? J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1990;18:179–86.CrossRefPubMed
69.
Laberge L, Denesle R, Tremblay R, Montplaisir J. Parasomnias in 2000 children aged 11. J Sleep Res. 1996;5:114.
70.
Nevéus T, Hetta J, Cnattingius S, Tuvemo T, Läckgren G, Olsson U, et al. Depth of sleep and sleep habits among enuretic and incontinent children. Acta Paediatr. 1999;88:748–52.CrossRefPubMed
71.
Cinar U, Vural C, Cakir B, Topuz E, Karaman MI, Turgut S. Nocturnal enuresis and upper airway obstruction. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;59:115–8.CrossRefPubMed
72.
Salih G, Sukran K, Ipek A. Enuresis nocturna and sleep quality. Pediatr Nephrol. 2008;23:1293–6.CrossRef
73.
74.
Pierce CM, Whitman RM, Maas JW, Gay ML. Enuresis and dreaming. Experimental studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:166–70.CrossRefPubMed
75.
Bental E, Weiss AA. Psychological and organic aspects of enuresis nocturna. Isr Ann Psychiatr Relat Discip. 1964;2:93–102.PubMed
76.
Schiff SK. The EEG, eye movements and dreaming in adult enuresis. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1965;140:397–404.CrossRefPubMed
77.
Broughton RJ. Sleep disorders: disorders of arousal? Enuresis, somnambulism, and nightmares occur in confusional states of arousal, not in “dreaming sleep”. Science. 1968;159:1070–8.CrossRefPubMed
78.
Mikkelsen EJ, Rapoport JL, Nee L, Gruenau C, Mendelson W, Gillin JC. Childhood enuresis: I. Sleep patterns and psychopathology. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1980;37:1139–44.CrossRefPubMed
79.
Inoue M, Shimojima H, Chiba H, Tsukahara N, Tajika Y, Taka K. Rhythmic slow wave observed on nocturnal sleep encephalogram in children with idiopathic nocturnal enuresis. Sleep. 1987;10:570–9.CrossRefPubMed
80.
Robert M, Averous M, Besset A, Carlander B, Billiard M, Guiter J, et al. Sleep polygraphic studies using cystomanometry in twenty patients with enuresis. Eur Urol. 1993;24:97–102.CrossRefPubMed
81.
Nevéus T, Stenberg A, Läckgren G, Tuvemo T, Hetta J. Sleep of children with enuresis: a polysomnographic study. Pediatrics. 1999;103:1193–7.CrossRefPubMed
82.
Hunsballe JM. Increased delta component in computerized sleep electroencephalographic analysis suggests abnormally deep sleep in primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2000;34:294–302.CrossRefPubMed
83.
Bader G, Nevéus T, Kruse S, Sillén U. Sleep of primary enuretic children and controls. Sleep. 2002;25:579–83.CrossRefPubMed
84.
Dhondt K, Baert E, Van Herzeele C, Raes A, Groen LA, Hoebeke P, et al. Sleep fragmentation and increased periodic limb movements are more common in children with nocturnal enuresis. Acta Paediatr. 2014;103:e268–72.CrossRefPubMed
85.
Tsai JD, Chen HJ, Ku MS, Chen SM, Hsu CC, Tung MC, et al. Association between allergic disease, sleep-disordered breathing, and childhood nocturnal enuresis: a population-based case-control study. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017;32:2293–301.CrossRefPubMed
86.
Park S, Lee JM, Sim CS, Kim JG, Nam JG, Lee TH, et al. Impact of adenotonsillectomy on nocturnal enuresis in children with sleep-disordered breathing: a prospective study. Laryngoscope. 2016;126:1241–5.CrossRefPubMed
87.
Karakas HB, Mazlumoglu MR, Simsek E. The role of upper airway obstruction and snoring in the etiology of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in children. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;274:2959–63.CrossRefPubMed
88.
Thottam PJ, Kovacevic L, Madgy DN, Abdulhamid I. Sleep architecture parameters that predict postoperative resolution of nocturnal enuresis in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2013;122:690–4.CrossRefPubMed
89.
Jeyakumar A, Rahman SI, Armbrecht ES, Mitchell R. The association between sleep-disordered breathing and enuresis in children. Laryngoscope. 2012;122:1873–7.CrossRefPubMed
90.
Wolfish NM, Pivik RT, Busby KA. Elevated sleep arousal thresholds in enuretic boys: clinical implications. Acta Paediatr. 1997;86:381–4.CrossRefPubMed
91.
Nevéus T. The role of sleep and arousal in nocturnal enuresis. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:1118–23.CrossRefPubMed
92.
Watanabe H, Kawauchi A, Kitamori T, Azuma Y. Treatment system for nocturnal enuresis according to an original classification system. Eur Urol. 1994;25:43–50.CrossRefPubMed
93.
Butler RJ, Robinson JC, Holland P, Doherty-Williams D. Investigating the three systems approach to complex childhood nocturnal enuresis—medical treatment interventions. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2004;38:117–21.CrossRefPubMed
94.
Su MS, Zhang HL, Cai XH, Lin Y, Liu PN, Zhang YB, et al. Obesity in children with different risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea: a community-based study. Eur J Pediatr. 2016;175:211–20.CrossRefPubMed
95.
Gaines J, Vgontzas AN, Fernandez-Mendoza J, He F, Calhoun SL, Liao D, et al. Increased inflammation from childhood to adolescence predicts sleep apnea in boys: a preliminary study. Brain Behav Immun. 2017;64:259–65.CrossRefPubMed
96.
Weintraub Y, Singer S, Alexander D, Hacham S, Menuchin G, Lubetzky R, et al. Enuresis—an unattended comorbidity of childhood obesity. Int J Obes. 2012;37:75–8.CrossRef
97.
Lu L, Li HQ, Li JH, Liu AJ, Zheng GQ. Neuroprotection of sanhua decoction against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through a mechanism targeting aquaporin 4. Evid based complement Alternat Med. 2015.
98.
Stubelius A, Wilhelmson AS, Gogos JA, Tivesten A, Islander U, Carlsten H. Sexual dimorphisms in the immune system of catechol-o-methyltransferase knockout mice. Immunobiology. 2012;217:751–60.CrossRefPubMed
99.
Rittig S, Schaumburg HL, Siggaard C, Schmidt F, Djurhuus JC. The circadian defect in plasma vasopressin and urine output is related to desmopressin response and enuresis status in children with nocturnal enuresis. J Urol. 2007;179:2389–95.CrossRef
100.
Waleed FE, Samia AF, Samar MF. Impact of sleep-disordered breathing and its treatment on children with primary nocturnal enuresis. Swiss Med Wkly. 2011;141:w13216.PubMed
101.
Brown BJ, Habelt S, Koral K, Sacco D, Herman JH, Baker LA. Secondary nocturnal enuresis caused by central sleep apnea from Chiari malformation type 1. J Pediatr Urol. 2010;6:265–9.CrossRefPubMed
102.
Von Gontard A, Schaumburg H, Hollmann E, Eiberg H, Rittig S. The genetics of enuresis: a review. J Urol. 2001;166:2438–43.CrossRef
103.
Hashem M, Morteza A, Mohammad K, Ahmad-Ali N. Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in school aged children: the role of personal and parents related socio-economic and educational factors. Iran J Pediatr. 2013;23:59–64.PubMed
104.
Cai XH, Li XC, Jin SW, Liang DS, Wen ZW, Cao HC, et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays critical role in brain damage after chronic intermittent hypoxia in growing rats. Exp Neurol. 2014;257:148–56.CrossRefPubMed
105.
Park S, Kim BN, Kim JW, Hong SB, Shin MS, Yoo HJ, et al. Nocturnal enuresis is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct problems. Psychiatry Investig. 2013;10:253–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
106.
Esposito M, Carotenuto M, Roccella M. Primary nocturnal enuresis and learning disability. Minerva Pediatr. 2011;63:99–104.PubMed
107.
Sá CA, Gusmão Paiva AC, de Menezes MC, de Oliveira LF, Gomes CA, de Figueiredo AA, et al. Increased risk of physical punishment among enuretic children with family history of enuresis. J Urol. 2016;195:1227–30.CrossRefPubMed
108.
Maria PV, Silvia M. OSAS and upper airway resistance syndrome. In: Ernst E, Fabio M, editors. Paediatric respiratory medicine. Sheffield: European Respiratory Society; 2013. p. 514–20.
Metadaten
Titel
Current perspectives on the correlation of nocturnal enuresis with obstructive sleep apnea in children
verfasst von
Miao-Shang Su
Li Xu
Wen-Feng Pan
Chang-Chong Li
Publikationsdatum
16.11.2018
Verlag
Childrens Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
Erschienen in
World Journal of Pediatrics / Ausgabe 2/2019
Print ISSN: 1708-8569
Elektronische ISSN: 1867-0687
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-018-0199-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2019

World Journal of Pediatrics 2/2019 Zur Ausgabe

Editorial

Application of artificial intelligence in pediatrics: past, present and future

Original Article

Pediatric bloodstream infections in metropolitan Australia

Original Article

Biomarkers of intravenous immunoglobulin resistance and coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease

Original Article

Association between fetal macrosomia and risk of obesity in children under 3 years in Western China: a cohort study

Acknowledgement

Tribute to Reviewers (January 1, 2018–December 31, 2018)

Original Article

Changes of feeding patterns in Chinese city children under 2 years from 1985 to 2015: results from a series of national cross-sectional surveys

Neu im Fachgebiet Pädiatrie

23.04.2024 | Typ-1-Diabetes | Nachrichten

Neuer Typ-1-Diabetes bei Kindern am Wochenende eher übersehen

22.04.2024 | Fehlsichtigkeit | Nachrichten

Neue Studienergebnisse zur Myopiekontrolle mit Atropin

18.04.2024 | Spinale Muskelatrophien | Nachrichten

Spinale Muskelatrophie: Neugeborenen-Screening lohnt sich

18.04.2024 | Pädiatrische Notfallmedizin | Nachrichten

Fünf Dinge, die im Kindernotfall besser zu unterlassen sind
weitere anzeigen

Update Pädiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen