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Erschienen in: Arthroskopie 3/2015

01.08.2015 | Leitthema

Das Patellofemoralgelenk

Anatomie, Biomechanik und chirurgische Interventionen

verfasst von: Dr. Christoph Kittl, A. Schmeling, A.A. Amis

Erschienen in: Arthroskopie | Ausgabe 3/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Das Patellofemoralgelenk ist das einzige der drei Gelenke des Knies, das neben einer wichtigen funktionellen Komponente auch eine ästhetische Funktion mit seiner prominenten Kniescheibe übernimmt. Betrachtet man die physiologische patellofemorale Kinematik, verlässt die Patella ihr anatomisch vorgegebenes knöchernes Gleitlager (Trochlea femoris) in Kniestreckung und muss sich fast vollständig auf ihre Weichteilstabilisation verlassen. In zunehmender Beugung zieht der M. quadriceps, der die Patella mit seinem Reserve-Streckapparat umhüllt, diese nach dorsal in das femorale Gleitlager und bewirkt somit eine zusätzliche Stabilisierung. Diese physiologische Kinematik kann jedoch durch eine kleine Veränderung der Gelenkgeometrie, der statischen und dynamischen Weichteilstabilisatoren oder der Achsstellung der unteren Extremität ins Ungleichgewicht gebracht werden und somit patellofemorale Schmerzen und Instabilitäten auslösen.

Ziel

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, eine kritische Erörterung von Anatomie, Biomechanik und chirurgischen Interventionen zu erarbeiten.

Material und Methoden

Die Untersuchung erfolgt auf Grundlage einer selektiven Literaturrecherche sowie eigener anatomischer und biomechanischer Beobachtungen.

Ergebnisse

Patellofemorale Schmerzen und Instabilitäten sind multifaktoriell und können von Pathologien der Gelenkgeometrie, der aktiven und passiven Weichteilhemmung sowie der Achsstellung der unteren Extremität ausgehen.

Schlussfolgerung

Diese biomechanische Betrachtung des Patellofemoralgelenks soll als Grundlage zur korrekten Indikationsstellung zur chirurgischen Intervention am Patellofemoralgelenk dienen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Das Patellofemoralgelenk
Anatomie, Biomechanik und chirurgische Interventionen
verfasst von
Dr. Christoph Kittl
A. Schmeling
A.A. Amis
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Arthroskopie / Ausgabe 3/2015
Print ISSN: 0933-7946
Elektronische ISSN: 1434-3924
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-015-0025-2

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