Background
Results
Demographic information of the study population
Normal‡ (n = 2805) | H. pylori (+)§ (n = 514) | CagA (+)¶ (n = 134) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Continuous values† | ||||
Age (years) | 71.37 ± 7.99 | 71.74 ± 8.07 | 71.43 ± 6.97 | 0.770 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.24 ± 5.10 | 26.72 ± 4.66 | 27.22 ± 5.13 | 0.127 |
SMI (kg/m2) | 44.69 ± 9.83 | 42.82 ± 10.97 | 41.82 ± 10.98 | < 0.001 |
Time used for 8-feet walk(s) | 3.94 ± 2.34 | 3.80 ± 1.48 | 3.86 ± 1.61 | 0.542 |
Plasma CRP levels | 0.59 ± 1.07 | 0.51 ± 0.73 | 0.51 ± 0.68 | 0.156 |
Plasma glucose levels | 110.54 ± 43.88 | 107.61 ± 44.24 | 112.02 ± 51.24 | 0.464 |
Categorical values† | ||||
Male | 52.7% | 46.4% | 49.1% | 0.254 |
Race | ||||
Non-Hispanic white | 61.8% | 55.5% | 44.8% | < 0.001 |
Non-Hispanic black | 16.6% | 22.0% | 29.9% | |
Mexican–American | 18.4% | 20.6% | 22.4% | |
Other | 3.2% | 1.8% | 2.9% | |
Low muscle strength (difficulty lifting 10 pounds) | 29.8% | 33.7% | 31.3% | 0.883 |
Smoker | 16.4% | 18.8% | 15.2% | 0.127 |
Doctor ever told to have arthritis | 44.5% | 42.9% | 43% | 0.704 |
Doctor ever told to have asthma | 6.3% | 6.7% | 5.6% | 0.069 |
Diabetes mellitus | 14.3% | 15.3% | 17.2% | 0.049 |
Sarcopenia | 126 (4.5%) | 56 (10.9%) | 14 (10.4%) | < 0.001 |
Logistic regression models of association between serum anti-H. pylori IgG status, anti-CagA IgG status and sarcopenia
Normal‡ | Model 1† | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Sarcopenia | ||||
H. pylori (+)§ | ||||
OR | 1.832 (1.578,2.128) | 1.860 (1.577,2.194) | 2.035 (1.685,2.459) | 2.052 (1.697,2.481) |
P value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
CagA (+)¶ | ||||
OR P value | 1.389 (1.174,1.643) | 1.433 (1.189,1.727) | 1.563 (1.261,1.936) | 1.585 (1.278,1.965) |
P value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Low gait speed (< 0.8 m/s) | ||||
H. pylori (+) | ||||
OR | 1.001 (0.862,1.152) | 1.002 (0.862,1.165) | 0.975 (0.838,1.135) | 0.978 (0.840,1.138) |
P value | 0.966 | 0.980 | 0.748 | 0.774 |
CagA (+) | ||||
OR | 1.014 (0.859,1.198) | 1.099 (0.924,1.307) | 1.082 (0.908,1.288) | 1.082 (0.908,1.289) |
P value | 0.869 | 0.288 | 0.379 | 0.378 |
Difficulty lifting 10 pounds | ||||
H. pylori (+) | ||||
OR | 1.195 (0.927,1.540) | 1.184 0.917,1.527) | 1.189 (0.921,1.536) | 1.184 (0.916,1.530) |
P value | 0.170 | 0.195 | 0.184 | 0.197 |
CagA (+) | ||||
OR | 1.021 (0.756,1.379) | 1.012 (0.746,1.373) | 1.010 (0.744,1.370) | 0.998 (0.735,1.355) |
P value | 0.890 | 0.938 | 0.949 | 0.990 |
Linear regression models of association between serum anti-H. pylori IgG status, anti-CagA IgG status and sarcopenia
Normal‡ | Model 1† | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Skeletal muscle index (kg/m2) | ||||
H. pylori (+)§ | ||||
β coefficient | − 0.015 (− 0.022, − 0.009) | − 0.021 (− 0.027, − 0.016) | − 0.023 (− 0.028, − 0.018) | − 0.023 (− 0.029, − 0.018) |
P value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
CagA (+)¶ | ||||
β coefficient | − 0.014 (− 0.022, − 0.007) | − 0.016 (− 0.022, − 0.009) | − 0.017 (− 0.023, − 0.011) | − 0.017 (− 0.023, − 0.011) |
P value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Gait speed (m/s) | ||||
H. pylori (+) | ||||
β coefficient | 0.019 (− 0.006, 0.043) | 0.013 (− 0.010, 0.036) | 0.009 (− 0.013, 0.032) | 0.010 (− 0.013, 0.033) |
P value | 0.132 | 0.266 | 0.417 | 0.385 |
CagA (+) | ||||
β coefficient | 0.014 (− 0.030, 0.058) | 0.029 (− 0.013, 0.071) | 0.027 (− 0.015, 0.069) | 0.027 (− 0.015, 0.069) |
P value | 0.536 | 0.181 | 0.209 | 0.206 |
Anti-H. pylori IgG status, anti-CagA IgG status and frequency of sarcopenia among males and females
Male (n = 1765) | Female (n = 1688) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal (n = 1455) | H. pylori (+) (n = 233) | CagA (+) (n = 77) | Normal (n = 1350) | H. pylori (+) (n = 281) | CagA (+) (n = 57) | |
Sarcopenia | ||||||
Model 1 | ||||||
OR | Ref | 2.132 (1.441, 3.153) | 1.801 (1.171, 2.770) | Ref | 2.127 (1.508, 3.002) | 1.678 (1.143, 2.463) |
P value | Ref | < 0.001 | 0.007 | Ref | < 0.001 | 0.008 |
Model 2 | ||||||
OR | Ref | 2.085 (1.408, 3.087) | 1.745 (1.130, 2.695) | Ref | 2.119 (1.501, 2.992) | 1.652 (1.124, 2.430) |
P value | Ref | < 0.001 | 0.012 | Ref | < 0.001 | 0.011 |
Model 3 | ||||||
OR | Ref | 2.161 (1.456,3.208) | 1.776 (1.148,2.748) | Ref | 2.155 (1.525,3.047) | 1.679 (1.141,2.470) |
P value | Ref | < 0.001 | 0.010 | Ref | < 0.001 | 0.009 |
Model 4 | ||||||
OR | Ref | 2.164 (1.457, 3.214) | 1.782 (1.151, 2.759) | Ref | 2.137 (1.509, 3.026) | 1.650 (1.118, 2.436) |
P value | Ref | < 0.001 | 0.010 | Ref | < 0.001 | 0.012 |
Low gait speed (< 0.8 m/s) | ||||||
Model 1 | ||||||
OR | Ref | 1.137 (0.843, 1.534) | 0.923 (0.571, 1.493) | Ref | 1.291 (0.991, 1.682) | 1.597 (0.909, 2.807) |
P value | Ref | 0.400 | 0.744 | Ref | 0.058 | 0.103 |
Model 2 | ||||||
OR | Ref | 1.197 (0.877, 1.633) | 0.794 (0.482, 1.308) | Ref | 1.301 (0.990, .710) | 1.509 (0.847, 2.690) |
P value | Ref | 0.256 | 0.365 | Ref | 0.059 | 0.163 |
Model 3 | ||||||
OR | Ref | 1.288 (0.940, 1.765) | 0.794 (0.480, 1.313) | Ref | 1.335 (1.014, 1.757) | 1.552 (0.838, 2.773) |
P value | Ref | 0.115 | 0.368 | Ref | 0.039 | 0.138 |
Model 4 | ||||||
OR | Ref | 1.287 (0.938, 1.765) | 0.800 (0.483, 1.326) | Ref | 1.336 (1.014, 1.759) | 1.558 (0.872, 2.783) |
P value | Ref | 0.118 | 0.388 | Ref | 0.039 | 0.135 |
Low muscle strength (difficulty lifting 10 pounds) | ||||||
Model 1 | ||||||
OR | Ref | 1.246 (0.761, 2.042) | 0.787 (0.308, 2.012) | Ref | 1.373 (0.867, 2.174) | 1.264 (0.519, 3.080) |
P value | Ref | 0.382 | 0.617 | Ref | 0.176 | 0.606 |
Model 2 | ||||||
OR | Ref | 1.241 (0.757, 2.034) | 0.796 (0.311, 2.039) | Ref | 1.382 (0.872, 2.191) | 1.240 (0.506, 3.038) |
P value | Ref | 0.392 | 0.635 | Ref | 0.169 | 0.638 |
Model 3 | ||||||
OR | Ref | 1.250 (0.761, 2.051) | 0.782 (0.304, 2.013) | Ref | 1.385 (0.872, 2.201) | 1.227 (0.500, 3.009) |
P value | Ref | 0.378 | 0.610 | Ref | 0.167 | 0.655 |
Model 4 | ||||||
OR | Ref | 1.279 (0.776, 2.108) | 0.791 (0.306, 2.044) | Ref | 1.344 (0.844, 2.140) | 1.153 (0.467, 2.850) |
P value | Ref | 0.334 | 0.629 | Ref | 0.213 | 0.757 |
Male (n = 1765) | Female (n = 1661) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal (n = 1455) | H. pylori (+) (n = 233) | CagA (+) (n = 77) | Normal (n = 1323) | H. pylori (+) (n = 281) | CagA (+) (n = 57) | |
Skeletal muscle index(SMI) | ||||||
Model 1 | ||||||
β coefficient | Ref | − 1.525 (− 2.392, − 0.658) | − 1.563 (− 2.546, − 0.581) | Ref | − 2.369 (− 3.323, − 1.414) | − 1.476 (− 2.591, − 0.361) |
P value | Ref | 0.001 | 0.002 | Ref | < 0.001 | 0.010 |
Model 2 | ||||||
β coefficient | Ref | − 1.266 (− 2.101, − 0.432) | − 1.321 (− 2.271, − 0.371) | Ref | − 2.601 (− 3.539, − 1.663) | − 1.676 (− 2.776, − 0.576) |
P value | Ref | 0.003 | 0.006 | Ref | < 0.001 | 0.003 |
Model 3 | ||||||
β coefficient | Ref | − 1.733 (− 2.406, − 1.060) | − 1.390 (− 2.158, − 0.622) | Ref | − 2.926 (− 3.747, − 2.106) | − 2.144 (− 3.107, − 1.181) |
P value | Ref | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | Ref | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Model 4 | ||||||
β coefficient | Ref | − 1.740 (− 2.413, − 1.067) | − 1.407 (− 2.175, − 0.640) | Ref | − 2.942 (− 3.763, − 2.122) | − 2.159 (− 3.123, − 1.194) |
P value | Ref | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | Ref | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |