Background
Methods
Study participants
Antiretroviral therapy criteria
Viral load and lymphocyte subsets test
Th1 and Th2 cytokines test
Statistical Analysis
Results
Study population characteristics and antiretroviral therapeutic situation
Parameters | HIV/HCV co-infection | HIV mono-infection | HCV mono-infection | Healthy control |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 20 | 20 | 10 | 10 |
Sex ratio (male/female) | 13/7 | 12/8 | 7/3 | 4/6 |
Age (years) | 39.00 (35.25 ~ 41.50) c, d
| 37.00 (32.75 ~ 41.50) c, d
| 45.50 (39.50 ~ 48.50) a, b, d
| 26.50 (25.00 ~ 29.25) a, b, c
|
Transmission route (no. (%)) | ||||
Sex | 0 (0) | 12 (60) | 0 (0) | - |
Blood | 4 (20) | 1 (5) | 10 (100) | - |
IDU | 16 (80) | 4 (20) | 0 (0) | - |
Unknown | 0 (0) | 3 (15) | 0 (0) | - |
CD4 T cell count (cells/μl) | 224.00 (164.00 ~ 296.00) b, c, d
| 131.00 (73.75 ~ 194.50) a, c, d
| 522.50 (448.00 ~ 599.00) a, b, d
| 817.00 (736.00 ~ 947.25) a, b, c
|
HIV-1 Viral load (log10 copies/ml) | 3.97(3.48 ~ 4.83) b
| 4.65(4.38 ~ 5.23) a
| - | - |
HCV Viral load (log10 copies/ml) | 6.42(5.91 ~ 6.85) | - | 6.05(5.33 ~ 6.54) | - |
Th1 and Th2 cytokine concentration between four groups at baseline
Dynamic changes of Th1 and Th2 cytokines during HAART
Relationships between Th1/Th2 cytokines, CD4+ T lymphocyte count and virus load
Correlation Coefficient | CD4 | VL | IFN-γ | TNF-α | IL-2 | Th1 cytokines | IL-10 | IL-5 | IL-4 | Th2 cytokines | Th1/Th2 ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CD4 | 1.000 | -0.519a
| -0.192 | 0.262 | -0.335a
| -0.112 | -0.019 | -0.317a
| 0.108 | 0.121 | -0.236b
|
VL | -0.519a
| 1.000 | 0.537a
| -0.405b
| 0.592a
| 0.534a
| 0.381a
| 0.360a
| 0.112 | 0.295b
| 0.383a
|
IFN-γ | -0.192 | 0.537a
| 1.000 | -0.229 | 0.443a
| 0.969a
| 0.286b
| 0.315a
| 0.383a
| 0.498a
| 0.701a
|
TNF-α | 0.262 | -0.405b
| -0.229 | 1.000 | -0.257 | -0.092 | 0.043 | -0.115 | 0.157 | 0.117 | -0.214 |
IL-2 | -0.335a
| 0.592a
| 0.443a
| -0.257 | 1.000 | 0.407a
| 0.510a
| 0.430a
| 0.298b
| 0.334a
| 0.287b
|
Th1 cytokines | -0.112 | 0.534a
| 0.969a
| -0.092 | 0.407a
| 1.000 | 0.270b
| 0.278b
| 0.329b
| 0.486a
| 0.775a
|
IL-10 | -0.019 | 0.381a
| 0.286b
| 0.043 | 0.510a
| 0.270b
| 1.000 | 0.362a
| 0.290b
| 0.690a
| -0.155 |
IL-5 | -0.317a
| 0.360a
| 0.315a
| -0.115 | 0.430a
| 0.278b
| 0.362a
| 1.000 | 0.233 | 0.433a
| 0.139 |
IL-4 | 0.108 | 0.112 | 0.383a
| 0.157 | 0.298b
| 0.329b
| 0.290b
| 0.233 | 1.000 | 0.668a
| -0.009 |
Th2 cytokines | 0.121 | 0.295b
| 0.498a
| 0.117 | 0.334a
| 0.486a
| 0.690a
| 0.433a
| 0.668a
| 1.000 | -0.104 |