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Current Diabetes Reports

Erschienen in:

01.12.2019 | Diabetes Epidemiology (E Selvin and K Foti, Section Editors)

Early-Life Arsenic Exposure, Nutritional Status, and Adult Diabetes Risk

verfasst von: Ana Navas-Acien, Miranda J. Spratlen, Ahlam Abuawad, Nancy J. LoIacono, Anne K. Bozack, Mary V. Gamble

Erschienen in: Current Diabetes Reports | Ausgabe 12/2019

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

In utero influences, including nutrition and environmental chemicals, may induce long-term metabolic changes and increase diabetes risk in adulthood. This review evaluates the experimental and epidemiological evidence on the association of early-life arsenic exposure on diabetes and diabetes-related outcomes, as well as the influence of maternal nutritional status on arsenic-related metabolic effects.

Recent Findings

Five studies in rodents have evaluated the role of in utero arsenic exposure with diabetes in the offspring. In four of the studies, elevated post-natal fasting glucose was observed when comparing in utero arsenic exposure with no exposure. Rodent offspring exposed to arsenic in utero also showed elevated insulin resistance in the 4 studies evaluating it as well as microRNA changes related to glycemic control in 2 studies. Birth cohorts of arsenic-exposed pregnant mothers in New Hampshire, Mexico, and Taiwan have shown that increased prenatal arsenic exposure is related to altered cord blood gene expression, microRNA, and DNA methylation profiles in diabetes-related pathways. Thus far, no epidemiologic studies have evaluated early-life arsenic exposure with diabetes risk. Supplementation trials have shown B vitamins can reduce blood arsenic levels in highly exposed, undernourished populations. Animal evidence supports that adequate B vitamin status can rescue early-life arsenic-induced diabetes risk, although human data is lacking.

Summary

Experimental animal studies and human evidence on the association of in utero arsenic exposure with alterations in gene expression pathways related to diabetes in newborns, support the potential role of early-life arsenic exposure in diabetes development, possibly through increased insulin resistance. Given pervasive arsenic exposure and the challenges to eliminate arsenic from the environment, research is needed to evaluate prevention interventions, including the possibility of low-cost, low-risk nutritional interventions that can modify arsenic-related disease risk.

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Titel: Early-Life Arsenic Exposure, Nutritional Status, and Adult Diabetes Risk
verfasst von: Ana Navas-Acien
Miranda J. Spratlen
Ahlam Abuawad
Nancy J. LoIacono
Anne K. Bozack
Mary V. Gamble
Publikationsdatum: 01.12.2019
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Current Diabetes Reports / Ausgabe 12/2019
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Elektronische ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1272-9

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

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