Introduction
Background
Methods
Study area and period
Study design and eligibility
Sample size determination
Randomization of the intervention
Recruitment
Study variables and measurement of the outcome variable
Intervention (self-care education)
Usual care
Data collection and quality control
Data processing and analysis procedure
Results
Socio-demographic characteristics
Variables | Control group (98) | Treatment group (n = 88) | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | ||
Sex | |||
Male | 31(31.6%) | 46(52.3%) | p < 0.0001 |
Female | 67(68.4%) | 42 (47.7%) | |
Residence | |||
Urban | 71 (72.4%) | 33 (37.5%) | p < 0.0001 |
Rural | 27 (27.6%) | 55 (62.5%) | |
Marital status | |||
Single/separated | 21 (21.4%) | 29 (32.9%) | p < 0.0001 |
Married | 58 (59.2%) | 51 (58%) | |
Divorced | 15(15.3%) | - | |
Widowed | 4 (4.1%) | 8 (9.1%) | |
Educational status | |||
Cannot read and write | 55(56.1%) | 38 (43.2%) | p = 0.37 |
Primary school | 28(28.6%) | 33 (37.5%) | |
Secondary school | 8(8.2%) | 6 (6.8%) | |
Diploma | 5(5.1%) | 7 (8%) | |
Degree | 2(2%) | 4 (4.5%) | |
Religion | |||
Orthodox | 91 (92.9%) | 82 (93.2%) | p = 0.93 |
Others* | 7 (6.1%) | 6 (6.8%) | |
Occupation | |||
Farmer | 36 (36.7%) | 37 (42%) | p = 0.23 |
Homemaker | 38 (38.8%) | 22 (25%) | |
Government employee | 9 (9.2%) | 13 (14.8%) | |
Student | 7 (7.1%) | 5 (5.7%) | |
Source of family support | |||
None | 8 (8.1%) | 2 (2.3%) | p = 0.08 |
Family | 90 (91.9%) | 86 (97.7%) |
Medical characteristics of participants
Variables | Control group (n = 98) | Treatment group (n = 88) | p values |
---|---|---|---|
Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | ||
Comorbidity | |||
Yes | 17 (17.3%) | 32 (36.4%) | 0.000 |
No | 81 (82.7%) | 56 (63.6%) | |
Current medication | |||
Furosemide | 87 (88.8%) | 88 (100%)) | 0.000 |
Spironolactone | 76 (77.6%) | 83 (94.3%) | |
ACE | 42 (42.8%) | 55 (62.5%) | |
Aspirin | 44 (44.9%) | 12 (13.6%) | |
Lipid lowering drugs | 18 (18.3%) | 12 (13.6%) | |
Beta blockers | 51 (52%) | 44 (50%) | |
History of hospitalization | |||
Yes | 67 (68.4%) | 71 (80.7%) | 0.06 |
No | 31 (31.6%) | 17 (19.3%) | |
Chronic heart failure stage | |||
One | – | 5 (5.7%) | 0.000 |
Two | 3 (3.1%) | 14 (15.9%) | |
Three | 19 (19.4%) | 21 (23.9%) | |
Four | 76 (77.6%) | 48 (54.5%) |
Adherence score among control and treatment group
Factors affecting adherence score of self-care recommendations
Adherence | Beta | Std. error | 95% Confidence interval | Significance level | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||
Treatment | 4.151 | 0.492 | 3.186 | 5.115 | 0.001 |
Age in years | 0.006 | 0.009 | − 0.011 | 0.023 | 0.470 |
Sex (male = 1) | − 0.223 | 0.224 | − 0.662 | 0.217 | 0.321 |
Single/separated | − 0.250 | 0.126 | − 0.497 | − 0.002 | 0.048 |
Support | 0.599 | 0.498 | − 0.378 | 1.576 | 0.229 |
Taking aspirin (yes = 1) | 0.757 | 0.306 | 0.157 | 1.358 | 0.013 |
Depression score | − 0.706 | 0.375 | − 1.442 | 0.029 | 0.052 |
Weight | 0.069 | 0.043 | − 0.015 | 0.152 | 0.107 |
Prior hospitalization (yes = 1) | 0.905 | 0.394 | 0.134 | 1.677 | 0.021 |
Number of sessions attended | 1.411 | 0.202 | 1.014 | 1.807 | 0.001 |
Treatment * sessions | 7.142 | 0.236 | 6.679 | 7.604 | 0.001 |
(Intercept) | 9.981 | 2.208 | 5.653 | 14.309 | 0.001 |